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Biomedical subjects

C Gillberg

Publications and source records attributed to C Gillberg.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Associated neuropsychiatric problems in Swedish school children with mild mental retardation.

A total of 83 mildly mentally retarded children aged 13-17 years were examined. These children are considered representative of all clearly mildly mentally retarded children born in 1966-1970 and living in Göteborg, Sweden. Fifty-seven per cent of the children were suffering from a handicapping psychiatric condition. Epilepsy and male sex were found to be associated with psychiatric abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Autism and Rett syndrome: some notes on differential diagnosis.

Rett syndrome and infantile autism share the common symptom of autism, especially in the early stages of the disorders. In the later development of Rett syndrome autism sometimes becomes less prominent and there may also be clear differences as regards the quality of autistic behaviour in Rett syndrome and infantile autism. However, in infancy, the syndromes may be indistinguishable. The present paper deals briefly with this issue and suggests that in many girls referred in infancy for autistic symptoms Rett syndrome should be considered seriously as a primary diagnostic alternative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The autism-fragile-X syndrome (AFRAX): a population-based study of ten boys.

This study reports on the neuropsychiatric findings in a population-based series of ten infantile autistic boys, aged 2-17 years, who also showed the fragile-X (q27) chromosome marker. Epilepsy, brainstem dysfunction and a range of psychiatric symptoms not inherent in the autism diagnosis were present. Theoretical and practical issues are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Teenage psychoses--epidemiology, classification and reduced optimality in the pre-, peri- and neonatal periods.

This is a population-based survey from Göteborg, Sweden, of all youngsters treated as in-patients for operationally defined 'psychotic disorders' during their teens. It was shown that 0.54% of all teenagers in Göteborg had been treated for such disorders at least once during the 13- to 19-year-old age period. Boys and girls were about equally affected, but schizophreniform disorders tended to be much more common among the boys and affective disorders more common among the girls. Child psychiatric services had been consulted much less frequently than adult ones, in spite of the many developmental aspects of the psychotic disorders. Scores for reduced optimality in the pre- and perinatal periods were marginally, though significantly, more common in the psychosis groups than in an age-, sex- and maternity clinic-matched control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Folic acid as an adjunct in the treatment of children with the autism fragile-X syndrome (AFRAX).

Four boys with the combination of infantile autism and the fragile-X syndrome were given oral folic acid and placebo, according to a double-blind crossover design. One boy's behaviour appeared to improve on folic acid, but another boy did not seem to be affected at all. For the remaining two boys the results were equivocal. Further study of folic acid in the treatment of autistic boys with the fragile-X syndrome is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Psychiatric disorders in mildly and severely mentally retarded urban children and adolescents: epidemiological aspects.

A total of 149 children aged 13-17 years were examined. 83 were mildly and 66 severely mentally retarded. These children, especially the severely retarded ones, are representative of all mentally retarded children born in 1966-1970 and living in Göteborg, Sweden. 64% of the severely mentally retarded and 57% of the mildly mentally retarded children were suffering from a handicapping psychiatric condition. Autism-like 'psychotic behaviour' was common in the severely retarded. 0.2% of the total child population aged 13-17 years suffering from the combination of mental retardation and 'psychotic behaviour'. Epilepsy was associated with psychiatric abnormality, but Down's syndrome was generally not so associated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Autism and autistic-like conditions in Swedish rural and urban areas: a population study.

The total population of children under 10 years in one Swedish urban area and one rural area was screened for infantile autism (IA) and autistic-like conditions (AC). A total prevalence of 6.6 per 10 000 was found, which is somewhat higher than in previous similar studies of the same region. Infantile autism accounted for two-thirds of the cases. Boys far outnumbered girls, but this was entirely accounted for by the IA group. The preponderance of autistic boys was less pronounced among the severely mentally retarded children. Mental retardation was seen in almost 90% of cases and only one child had an IQ exceeding 100; clinical and laboratory signs of brain dysfunction were also found in a majority of cases. Distribution by social class was no different in either patient group from the general population.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1986

Attention deficit disorder: diagnosis, prevalence, management and outcome.

Some of the clinical and research problems associated with so-called attention deficit disorder (ADD), minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) and hyperactivity in childhood are surveyed. It is concluded that there is no international consensus as regards diagnostic criteria, prevalence of severe disorders is in the range of 1-5% of all preschool children, management is dependent on a wide variety of treatment facilities and that outcome is relatively poor in the 5- to 10-year perspective but that it may be somewhat better if the children are followed up to adult life.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1985

Endorphin activity in childhood psychosis. Spinal fluid levels in 24 cases.

Twenty 2- to 13-year-old infantile autistic children (16 boys and four girls) and four 4- to 13-year-old children (two boys and two girls) with other kinds of childhood psychoses were compared with eight 6-month-old to 6-year-old normal children with regard to cerebrospinal fluid contents of endorphin fractions I and II. The psychosis groups showed higher mean cerebrospinal fluid endorphin fraction II levels, and 11 (55%) of the 20 autistic patients showed values higher than the highest in the group of normal children. There was a trend toward a correlation between high fraction II levels and self-destructiveness and decreased pain sensibility in the psychotic children. The results are regarded as preliminary but as warranting further research in this potentially fruitful field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Asperger's syndrome and recurrent psychosis--a case study.

A 14-year-old boy with mild mental retardation and behavioral features suggestive of the so called Asperger's syndrome is described. From the age of 8 years he has had recurrent episodes of lethargy. At the onset of puberty these episodes took on a more dramatic form and became more reminiscent of cycloid/manic-depressive psychosis. There is a family history of manic-depressive disorder. Neurobiological links with and differences from the syndrome of infantile autism were found. It is suggested that there is still too little evidence clearly to single out the entity of Asperger's syndrome from the spectrum of autistic syndromes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A "new" chromosome marker common to the Rett syndrome and infantile autism? The frequency of fragile sites at X p22 in 81 children with infantile autism, childhood psychosis and the Rett syndrome.

Chromosomes from 46 autistic, 20 psychotic and 15 Rett syndrome children were cultured in a folic-acid-depleted medium. Nine percent of the autistic, 20% of the psychotic and 40% of the Rett syndrome cases showed a "new" chromosomal anomaly, viz a fragile site at the (X) (p22) location. It is suggested that in some cases of autism/psychosis and the Rett syndrome, there might be a common biological marker for the common type of psychiatric disturbance. However, as the population frequency of the chromosome marker is not yet known, conclusions must be drawn with great caution.

Adolescent↗