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Biomedical subjects

C Bazin

Publications and source records attributed to C Bazin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Prospective, randomized, controlled study of imipenem-cilastatin versus cefotaxime-amikacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection and septicemia at intensive care units].

In a multicentre, prospective, controlled trial 211 patients with suspected septicaemia or pneumonia were allocated at random to either imipenem-cilastatin 500 mg 8-hourly or cefotaxime 1 g 6-hourly combined with amikacin 5 mg/kg 8-hourly. The treatments were administered for at least 5 days. Seventy patients on imipenem and 70 patients on cefotaxime-amikacin were assessable for comparison. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in underlying pathology and in the clinical results obtained: septicaemia 20/26 patients of the imipenem group and 20/25 patients of the cefotaxime-amikacin group were cured; pneumonia 38/44 patients of the imipenem group and 34/45 patients of the cefotaxime-amikacin group were cured. There were also no differences in the initial organisms and in the bacteriological cure rate, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At the moment, imipenem administered alone is as effective as the cefotaxime-amikacin combination in the treatment of septicaemia or pneumonia in intensive care patients, with the exception of P. aeruginosa pneumonia in patients under assisted ventilation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hereditary angioneurotic edema and pregnancy].

Hereditary angioneurotic oedema (HANE) is an autosomal dominant disorder, relatively uncommon, in which patients experience recurrent bouts of oedema of the extremities, face and larynx. Attacks of HANE, sometimes fatal when involving the larynx may, among other causes, be triggered by the anesthetist's manipulation of the upper airway (tracheal intubation). HANE may affect women during their reproductive years and present serious problems in case of pregnancy. Labour can precipitate laryngeal oedema in case of general anesthesia with tracheal intubation indicated for a caesarean section or a forceps delivery, and/or perineal oedema after delivery. The authors describe a vaginal delivery in a patient with HANE that was accomplished under lumbar epidural anesthesia. No laryngeal or perineal attack was noted. This review article describes various treatments and discusses the features relevant and specific to pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Vestigial mutants of Drosophila melanogaster live better in the presence of aminopterin: increased level of dihydrofolate reductase in a mutant.

Vestigial (vg) mutants of Drosophila melanogaster are characterized by atrophied wings. In this paper we show that: (1) aminopterin an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), an inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase induce nicks in the wings of wild-type flies and phenocopies of the vg mutant phenotype when vg/+ and vgB/+ flies are reared on these substances (vgB is a deficiency of the vg locus). Only thymidine and thymidylate can rescue the flies from the effect of aminopterin. We propose that the vg phenotype is due to a decrease in the dTMP pool in the wings. (2) Mutant vg strains yield more offspring on medium containing aminopterin than on normal medium. The resistance of vg larvae to the inhibitor seems specific to the gene. This is the first case of aminopterin resistance in living eucaryotes. In contrast sensitivity of the vg larvae to FUdR is observed. (3) An increase in the activity and amount of DHFR is observed in mutant strains as compared with the wild-type flies. Our data suggest that the vg+ gene is a regulatory gene acting on the DHFR gene or a structural gene involved in the same metabolic pathway.

Aminopterin↗
PubMed1989

Distribution and conservation of the foldback transposable element in Drosophila.

Foldback elements are a family of transposable elements described in Drosophila melanogaster. The members of this dispersed repetitive family have terminal inverted repeats that sometimes flank a central region. The inverted repeats of all the family members are homologous. The study of the distribution and conservation of the foldback elements in different Drosophila species shows that this distribution is different from that of the hybrid dysgenesis systems (PM and IR). Sequences homologous to foldback elements were observed by Southern blots and in situ hybridization in all species of the melanogaster subgroup and in some species of the montium and takahashii subgroups. The element was probably already present before the radiation of these subgroups. No evidence of horizontal transmission of the foldback element could be observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The cost of hospital acquired infections].

Two complementary studies were carried out. a) A three months study on nosocomial infection frequency, with a simultaneous assessment of the nosocomial infection risk factors (infected or non infected body on entry in the department, the kind of pathology, simplified scores of seriousness) and of the length of the hospital stays to compare the average length of stay for overinfected patients and for nosocomial infection non contaminated patients, after checking those factors through adjustment, themselves responsible for a prolongation of the stays. b) An evaluation of the cost of the sole antibiotics used in the treatment of a Serratia nosocomial infection epidemic which developed in the department. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of each case was made by the prescribing doctor in order to attribute its proper costs to each case. Over a three months period, 112 patients were considered as presenting a risk of nosocomial infection, which means that they were hospitalized in the department for more than 48 hours. Twenty two nosocomial infection carriers were examined; they represented 38 cases of overinfection. The length of stay was of 10.3 days among the non carriers of nosocomial infection, and of 32.4 days among the overinfected patients, but more interesting is the figure of 13.2 days per case. Over a year, it thus amounts to 1,950 hospitalization days due to nosocomial infections, which corresponds, in a department of 24 beds, to an average of 5 beds occupied permanently. Besides, the antibiotic for the 12 Serratia nosocomial infection carriers was evaluated to a cost of F. 75,000.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of nosocomial infections: a proposal of a protocol for a prospective study].

If meant to be effective, the detection of nosocomial infections demands considering the means that should be used for a daily gathering of necessary complete information. An experiment led in a medical intensive care unit have suggested the elements of such a gathering work. This must be prospective and aimed to relate the frequency, more that the importance of nosocomial infections. It will be carried by a willing and specialized nurse, and will be limited to the necessary warning signs only. As a rule, the information linked to the infection causes will not be looked for. Finally, a special care will be given to ensure a good feedback to the clinician, which is the main purpose of that work. Yet, such an information gathering protocol has to be flexible, and it is even one of its survival conditions regarding the variety of means and requirements inherent of each department.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1989

[Hemodynamic effects of clonidine on the fetus and newborn infant].

This study on clonidine action on fetal HR and on BP and HR in newborns during the first 3 days of life was carried out with 10 mother-child couples in comparison with 10 other couples randomly chosen among our patients; in these last couples the mother has not been treated with this oral anti-hypertensive agent during the last 6 months of the pregnancy. According to the results, clonidine doesn't seem to have any negative action on the fetus and newborn.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Transposable and nontransposable elements similar to the I factor involved in inducer-reactive (IR) hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster coexist in various Drosophila species.

The I factor is a transposable element controlling inducer-reactive (IR) hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, which occurs when males from the class of inducer strains are crossed with females from the class of reactive strains. Inducer strains contain several copies of the complete 5.4-kilobase (kb) I factor at various sites on the chromosomal arms; reactive strains contain no complete I factor. Incomplete and defective I elements occur at constant locations in pericentromeric heterochromatin of both types of strains. The 5.4-kb I factors transpose, whereas incomplete I elements do not transpose. The constant location of defective I elements in all strains indicates that they were in the genome before the spread of D. melanogaster throughout the world. Sequences homologous to I occur in other Drosophila species, and their distribution correlates with the phylogenetic relationships between species. We have studied the organization of I homologues in Drosophila simulans and Drosophila teissieri. These species seem to contain both transposable I elements, even though their structure may differ from that of the 5.4-kb I factors of the inducer strains of D. melanogaster, and nontransposable I elements, which are always at the same place in the genome when different stocks of the same species are compared. These results suggest that both mobile and nonmobile I elements are very old components of the Drosophilidae genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Acute cerebral ischemia: an uncommon complication of ritodrine?].

Cerebral ischaemia is reported in a 33 year-old woman at 34 weeks gestation during an infusion of ritodrine to stop premature labour. CT Scan revealed multiple ischemic bilateral lesions. These lesions disappeared completely under artificial ventilation and thiopental infusion. The authors discuss the other possible causes of cerebral ischaemia in pregnant patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Acute hydrocephalus drained in emergency. Consequence of cerebellar infarction in Haemophilus meningitis].

A 2 year-old child admitted for Haemophilus meningitis was immediately treated by adequate antibiotic treatment. Three days later multiple hypertonic strokes and periodic respiration occurred; a resuscitation was necessary. CAT scan showed an acute hydrocephalus with non visible 4th ventricle and low-density areas in both cerebellar hemispheres allowing the diagnosis of cerebellar infarction. External drainage of CSF was rapidly performed and maintained for 11 days with success. The child was secondarily discharged with temporary cortical blindness and persistent moderate static cerebellar signs. The etiology of the cerebellar infarction was likely to be an arterial thrombosis in the vertebro-basilar area, probably secondary to cerebral arteritis related to Haemophilus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Clonidine and treatment of arterial hypertension in the pregnant woman].

From the results of a non-controlled trial about the successful use of clonidine in 14 hypertensive pregnant women on and on the basis of a bibliographical analysis, the investigators studied efficacy and safety of this central antihypertensive drug. This risk-improvement study reveals that clonidine can be prescribed for the treatment for hypertension during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Inhibitors of thymidylate synthesis increase whereas thymidine decreases meiotic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster.

We have demonstrated the effect of different media on meiotic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. Recombination is more frequent when the medium is deprived of bases, nucleosides and nucleotides. We have shown that two inhibitors of thymidylate (dTMP) synthesis - aminopterin inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) inhibiting thymidylate synthetase - result in a significant increase in meiotic recombination in the yellow/white region on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover the addition of thymidine to the richest medium significantly lowers normal recombination. Such studies represent a powerful tool for future studies on the mechanism of meiotic recombination.

Aminopterin↗
PubMed1985

Dihydrofolate reductase activity and resistance to aminopterin in various species of Drosophila.

The aim of our work was to compare the mechanisms of resistance to aminopterin, inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme, between different Drosophila species and those described for cultured cells. Moreover we compared the systematic species divisions based on morphological traits and those based on a molecular approach. For this purpose, the effect of aminopterin on viability and wing phenotype was studied in different Drosophila species. Dihydrofolate reductase was measured in adult flies. We found an important dihydrofolate reductase activity in the melanogaster sub-group compared to the other species studies. Wing effect was observed only in this sub-group. The effects of aminopterin on the wing phenotype were very similar to the phenotype of rudimentary mutants. Both deplete the pyrimidine pool and it has been shown by the studies of the structural genes of the nucleotide pyrimidine pathway that the wing tissue is very sensitive to every pertubation of this metabolism. The D. ananassae species was found to be fully resistant at the concentrations of the inhibitor tested. No or very little dihydrofolate reductase activity was detected. The binding of the enzyme to the inhibitor was comparable to that found in the Oregon strain of D. melanogaster. The purine and pyrimidine salvage pathways were investigated and the D. ananassae species displayed an important thymidine kinase activity. The D. ananassae flies were sensitive on Sang medium compared to the Oregon flies but were able to use exogenous bases or nucleosides more efficiently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aminopterin↗