[Maxillofacial manifestations of AIDS].
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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
Biomedical subjects
C Bazin
Publications and source records attributed to C Bazin.
[Agenesis of the right lobe of the liver and portal hypertension].
A case of agenesis of the right lobe of the liver associated with portal hypertension is reported. This uncommon feature was diagnosed by computed tomography which excluded secondary liver atrophy due to cirrhosis or tumour. The main pathophysiological hypothesis for agenesis and portal hypertension, exceptionally associated, is arrest of hepatic development during foetal life.
Humans↗
[Placenta membranacea. Review of the literature, a case report].
Placenta membranacea or placenta diffusa is a rare abnormality in which all or most of fetal membranes remain covered by chorionic villi, because the chorion has failed to differenciate into chorion laeve and chorion frondosum. This condition is associated with recurrent antepartum bleeding, abortion in the second trimester of the pregnancy, preterm delivery, fetal death, intra-uterine growth retardation, post partum haemorrhage and placental retention. In this paper, we report our first case of placenta membranacea. A 30-year-old black woman, gravida 3, para 1, was admitted at 23 weeks of gestation for vaginal bleeding. She was placed on complete bed rest. Ultrasonographic examination showed a placenta covering the anterior and posterior uterine walls and the internal cervical os. At 28 weeks and 34 weeks of gestation, ultrasound examination showed the same findings: total placenta previa covering the entire uterine wall and presenting many lacuna. At 38 weeks, she underwent a cesarean section. The placenta adhered firmly to the myometrium. Because the attempts to remove the placenta was unsuccessful, it was performed a total hysterectomy. The total blood loss was 7000 ml. Anatomo-pathologic examination of the placenta led do the diagnosis of placenta membranea, total previa and increta. In the literature, 35 cases of placenta membranacea have been reported; of these, there are ten cases associated with total hysterectomy.
Adult↗
[Peritoneal and tubal Schistosoma haematobium bilharziasis. Two case reports].
It is now recognized that eggs of Schistosoma haematobium are most commonly found in the bladder because this parasitic infestation usually affects the urinary tract. However, numerous papers have been published on the occurrence of schistosomiasis of the female genital tract. The frequency of distribution of schistosomal disease of the genital tract has not been estimated because only cases with overt disease are usually considered. The involvement of Fallopian tubes is not rare in endemic areas and may predispose to ectopic pregnancy and infertility. In this paper, we report two cases of Schistosomiasis in black African women due to Schistosoma haematobium localized in the peritoneum and the Fallopian tubes. Our first patient had primary infertility associated with bilateral hydrosalpinx and peritoneal inflammatory reaction. Our second patient had an ectopic pregnancy associated with chronic salpingitis. In the both cases, histological examination showed the presence of schistosomal eggs in the peritoneum and the Fallopian tubes. These cases suggest that bilharziasis should now be considered as a urogenital disease and not only as an urinary tract disease.
Adult↗
[Tuberculous meningitis].
The incidence of tuberculosis has been increasing since 1985. Favourable host factors associated with non specific neurologic abnormalities must lead to the hypothesis of a meningeal tuberculosis. Blood analysis and radiological findings rarely contribute to the diagnosis. The diagnosis is established when tubercle bacilli are identified in the cerebral-spinal-fluid, sometimes immediately but most often after 4 to 6 week culture. New faster methodes are being developed, but they are not yet routinely available. The treatment must be started before the identification of the tubercle bacilli. Usually, for immunocompetent patient, short-course treatment is chosen, consisting of an initial 2-month intensive treatment (rifampycin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide) followed by a 4-month maintenance therapy with isoniadid and rifampicin, ethambutol should be included systematically during the first 16 weeks in prevention of isoniazid resistance.
Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
The evolutionary genetics of the hobo transposable element in the Drosophila melanogaster complex.
Hobo elements are a family of transposable elements found in Drosophila melanogaster and its three sibling species: D. simulans, D. mauritiana and D. sechellia. Studies in D. melanogaster have shown that hobo may be mobilized, and that the genetic effects of such mobilizations included the general features of hybrid dysgenesis: mutations, chromosomal rearrangements and gonadal dysgenis in F1 individuals. At the evolutionary level some hobo-hybridizing sequences have also been found in the other members of the melanogaster subgroup and in many members of the related montium subgroup. Surveys of older collected strains of D. melanogaster suggest that complete hobo elements were absent prior to 50 years ago and that they have recently been introduced into this species by horizontal transfer. In this paper we review our findings and those of others, in order to precisely describe the geographical distribution and the evolutionary history of hobo in the D. melanogaster complex. Studies of the DNA sequences reveal a different level of divergence between the group D. melanogaster, D. simulans and D. mauritiana and the fourth species D. sechellia. The hypothesis of multiple transfers in the recent past into the D. melanogaster complex from a common outside source is discussed.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Comparison of nested PCR for detection of DNA in plasma with pp65 leukocytic antigenemia procedure for diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection.
A nested PCR was used for the detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in plasma. The presence of HCMV DNA and its correlation to pp65 leukocytic antigenemia were investigated with 299 blood samples from 45 organ transplant recipients and 63 AIDS patients. Of the 53 samples positive by nested PCR, 52 (98%) were also positive for leukocytic antigenemia and 23 had high levels of antigenemia (> 50 positive cells per 2 x 10(5) leukocytes). Of the 246 samples negative in PCR, only 3 (1.2%) had highly positive antigenemia. For 15 patients having a high antigenemia level in the course of their disease, consecutive blood samples were studied and also assessed for viremia in culture. The extent to which HCMV DNA, detected by PCR, was present in plasma correlated with increased levels of HCMV leukocytic antigenemia for six of the eight AIDS patients and for all the organ transplant recipients. Positivity for HCMV DNA in PCR and for viremia in cell culture was usually restricted to the highest antigenemia levels. From a total of 69 blood samples, PCR and culture gave positive results, respectively, for 17 of 32 samples (53%) and 14 of 32 samples (43%) from transplant recipients and for 15 of 37 samples (40%) and 9 of 37 samples (24%) from AIDS patients. Our findings have shown a strong correlation between high levels of leukocytic antigenemia and HCMV DNA in plasma. The detection of HCMV DNA in plasma by this nested PCR can prove HCMV dissemination in blood, but it lacks the rapidity and simplicity of the leukocytic pp65 antigenemia procedure.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
[Splenic arteriovenous fistula. Apropos of 2 cases and review of the literature].
Two cases of splenic arteriovenous fistula (SAVF) are reported and the literature pertaining to this disease is discussed. SAVF is a rare but curable cause of portal hypertension. Until recently, diagnosis was based and angiographic findings. However, it can now be reached with duplex-Doppler sonography, CT or MRI. Duplex-Doppler sonography highlights an enlarged splenic vein with a turbulent flow. CT scan detects the arterial aneurysms and shows the early opacification of the enlarged splenic vein. MRI depicts all the morphological abnormalities and flow-void due to time-of-flight losses may indicate the location of the fistula. Intra-arterial obliteration of the fistula is a good alternative to surgical procedure for treating SAVF in avoiding the potentially serious threat of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Adult↗
[Extrapulmonary and disseminated pneumocystosis in HIV infection].
Three cases of extrapulmonary disseminated Pneumocystis carinii infection are reported. All 3 patients had HIV infection with less than 50 CD4 lymphocytes per cubic millimeter and were having aerosols of pentamidine as prophylactic treatment of pneumocystosis. P. carinii may invade numerous organs and in particular the liver, spleen and bone marrow. Extrapulmonary lesions, often pan-symptomatic, are to be feared in deeply immunodepressed patients receiving prophylactic aerosols of pentamidine. Infection of the choroid can be detected by systematic ophthalmoscopy. An early diagnosis raises hopes of a good, if temporary, response to treatment.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
Decreased blood TcR gamma delta+ lymphocytes in AIDS and p24-antigenemic HIV-1-infected patients.
The significance of blood TcR gamma delta+ lymphocyte level was evaluated in the context of immunodeficiency and infections in 209 HIV-1-infected patients. Blood TcR gamma delta+ lymphocyte values were found higher in patients belonging to the CDC group II/III than those in the CDC groups IV C1 and IV D (P < 0.001) and P < 0.01, respectively). TcR gamma delta+ lymphocyte counts were lower in patients with oral candidiasis (P < 0.01), and in association with pneumocystosis or toxoplasmosis (P < 0.001). In 81 patients with a detectable HIV-1 p24 antigenemia, TcR gamma delta+ lymphocyte counts were lower than those in nonantigenemic patients (P < 0.001). In the CDC II/III group, p24-antigenemic patients exhibited lower TcR gamma delta+ cell counts than those in patients without antigenemia (P = 0.06). Data suggest that depletion of the TcR gamma delta+ lymphocyte subset characterizes HIV-1-infected patients with oral candidiasis, pneumocystosis, toxoplasmosis, and/or HIV-1-antigenemia.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
A deleted hobo element is involved in the unstable thermosensitive vg(al) mutation at the vestigial locus in Drosophila melanogaster.
We have described a new unstable mutant of the vestigial locus isolated from a natural population. From this mutant, vestigial(almost) (vg(al)), wild-type (vg(al+)), and extreme (vg(ext)), alleles arose spontaneously. The molecular analysis of vg(al) shows that the mutation is due to a 1874 bp hobo element inserted in a vestigial intron. Two distinct kinds of events lead a wild-type phenotype. Three independent vg(al+) alleles result from an excision of the hobo element and two other vg(al+) alleles have further deletions of hobo sequence. The sequence of one of them shows a 1516 bp hobo insertion at the same place and in the same orientation as the 1874 bp insertion. In the vg(ext) alleles, we found a 5' or 3' variably sized deletion of vg sequences. One of them, which has been cloned and sequenced, has a deletion finishing exactly at the left terminal repeat' hobo element. The genetic implications of these different genetic structures are discussed.
Alleles↗
[Selective arteriography of the supra-aortic trunks by right humeral approach with a 4F catheter].
Three hundred and sixty seven patients were studied for cerebrovascular disease with intra-arterial digital subtraction. Examination were performed using a right transbrachial approach with a 4F catheter. Selective catheterization of the carotid arteries was possible in 98% for the left and 99% for the right. Image quality was consistently good or excellent. There was 2 neurologic complications and 1 local complication (hematoma) requiring surgery few weeks later. Selective carotid and vertebral catheterizations by the brachial route is safe, simple, accurate and rapid (15 mn) and can be employed in outpatients.
Adult↗
[Antiretroviral treatments and their therapeutical trials].
Efficacity of antiretroviral treatments is limited by the fact that available drugs are only virostatic and by the progressive impairment of the immune system during HIV infection. Antiviral compounds active on the various steps of viral invasion and replication are described. Further progress in the association of several drugs may improve efficiency and reduce the emergence of resistant strains, which would allow treatment at an earlier stage of the disease. In the absence of relevant animal models, additional clinical trials are mandatory. Their methodological quality must not be influenced by the extreme sensitivity of public opinion to AIDS.
Antiviral Agents↗
vestigial suppressor genes and resistance to aminopterin in Drosophila melanogaster.
We have shown that the vestigial (vg) mutant of D. melanogaster has a perturbed nucleotide metabolism compared to various wild-type strains. The mutant is particularly spontaneously resistant to aminopterin. The resistance seems to correlate with an increase in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity and quantity. The DHRF is a target enzyme of aminopterin. Our results suggest that the vg+ gene could be a regulatory gene acting on the DHFR gene. The wing mutant phenotype being due to a decrease in the thymidylate pool (dTMP) (Silber et al., 1989). In order to understand better the action of the mutant gene on nucleotide metabolism, we have induced suppressor genes of the mutant phenotype by mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and bromouridine (BUR). The suppressor strains obtained display a phenotype intermediate between wild-type and vg phenotype. The action of three independent suppressor genes on eight parameters of nucleotide metabolism is reported here [three enzyme activities, resistance to aminopterin and to fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), auxotrophy test and the ability to use exogenous thymidine and uridine]. In comparison to the original vg strain, major changes for the parameters tested are observed. The most striking effects are obtained with the vgBUR27 strain, which is highly sensitive to aminopterin and to fluorodeoxyuridine and didplas the highest thymidine kinase (TK) and DHFR activities within the strains tested. The potential actions of suppressor genes on the vg mutant are discussed.
Aminopterin↗
Genetic and molecular analyses of vgal: a spontaneous and unstable mutation at the vestigial locus in Drosophila melanogaster.
We describe herein, a new unstable mutant of the vestigial locus, isolated from a French natural population. From this mutant vestigial almost (vgal) wild-type flies (vgal+) and extreme vg phenotypes (vge) arose spontaneously without genomic shock. The occurrence of vgal+ or vge alleles depends mostly on the breeding temperature; vgal+ revertants arose principally at low temperature (21 degrees C) and vge at 28 degrees C. These events occur mainly in the male germ line and the phenomenon appears to be premeiotic. Our results with in situ hybridization experiments and Southern blots show that the vgal mutation is due to a 2 kb DNA insertion, which is a deleted hobo element. Genetic and molecular analyses show that two distinct events may underly the wild-type revertants. One is the excision of the resident hobo element, the other a further deletion (about 300 bp in the example characterized herein). The vge mutation is probably due to a deletion of vestigial sequences flanking the hobo insertion.
Alleles↗
Platelia-Toxo IgA, a new kit for early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis by detection of anti-P30 immunoglobulin A antibodies.
With the aim of achieving earlier diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, anti-P30 immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies were assayed by using a Platelia-Toxo IgA kit with samples from 72 children born to mothers who seroconverted during pregnancy. A total of 148 serum samples and 1 cerebrospinal fluid samples were from 23 congenitally infected children (2 serum samples were collected from fetuses), and 74 serum samples were from 49 uninfected children. Among the 23 infected children, anti-P30 IgA antibodies were present in all infants either at birth or in the following weeks, whereas anti-P30 IgM antibodies were present in 13 from the 23 infected children either at birth or in the following weeks. Serum samples collected in utero from two infected children were also tested. One of these samples was positive for both anti-P30 IgA and anti-P30 IgM antibodies, whereas both children were negative at birth for these antibodies. Neither anti-P30 IgA nor anti-P30 IgM antibodies were detected in 47 of 49 uninfected children. These results suggest that detection of anti-P30 IgA antibodies by the Platelia-Toxo IgA kit is a very effective method for early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasma infection.
Animals↗
[Myocardial involvement in AIDS. Echographic study in 85 human immunodeficiency virus infected patients].
Histological and echographic studies of HIV-seropositive patients demonstrated the reality of myocardial involvement during the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Eight-five seropositive, asymptomatic patients, 55 of them classified as group IV (CDC criteria), were subjected to echocardiography and measurement of the reduction of the left ventricle fraction. An echographic anomaly was found in 8/85 seropositive patients and in 7/55 group IV patients. This affect on left ventricular contractility seems to occur in patients with a low number of CD4+ lymphocytes (p = NS) and is statistically significantly associated with the level of anti-P24 antibodies/antigenemia (absence of antibodies and positive antigenemia) (p less than 0.05).
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Intra-arterial fibrinolysis of superior mesenteric artery embolism].
Intra arterial fibrinolysis for acute mesenteric embolism. Acute mesenteric ischemia has a poor prognosis because the diagnosis is often too late (greater than 12 h), leading to a difficult surgery in old patients. The lesions of the bowel don't always allow a single operative embolectomy but often need a resection when there is a long time interval between onset of symptoms and therapy. We report a case of acute embolism in the superior mesenteric artery with the clot located in its terminal part. A rapid diagnosis was made by arteriography and intra-arterial fibrinolysis was attempted with success permitting the complete cure of the affection, without sequellae. This treatment is only likely to be successful if it is carried out within 10-12 hours of the onset of clinical signs and symptoms.
Acute Disease↗