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Biomedical subjects

C B Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C B Taylor.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Relaxation therapy and high blood pressure.

Thirty-one patients receiving medical treatment for essential hypertension were randomly distributed into three groups: (1) relaxation therapy, (2) nonspecific therapy, and (3) medical treatment only. The nonspecific therapy group spent the same amount of time with the therapists as the relaxation group but was not given a specific therapy. Blood pressures were measured at a different time and in a different place from the behavioral treatments. The relaxation therapy group showed a significant reduction in blood pressure postreatment compared with the nonspecific therapy and medical treatment only groups, even when those patients whose medication was increased were excluded from the data analysis. At follow-up six months post-treatment, the relaxation group showed a slight decrement in treatment effects, while both the nonspecific therapy and medical treatment only groups showed continued improvement; thus, there was not a significant difference between groups.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1977

Simple techniques to treat medical phobias.

Participant modelling, a behaviourally-orientated treatment technique, is an effect method of treating phobias associated with minor medical procedures or apparatus such as needles or intravenous catheters. The steps in this technique are described and two cases of severe needle phobias successfully treated with participant modelling are presented to illustrate further its application.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The development of glycolytic and pentose phosphate shunt enzymes in human brain.

A quantitative enzyme analysis of 32 fetal human brains of 6--42 weeks gestational age range was carried out for the major glycolytic and pentose phosphate shunt enzymes. A critical period of raised enzyme levels was observed at 14 weeks. The glycolytic rate was probably controlled by the activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase which appear from the development patterns to have independent genetic sites. A rise in most enzyme activities was experienced in the final weeks of gestation towards levels consistent with those of adult tissues. Pentose phosphate shunt enzyme levels remained virtually unchanged during gestation after 14 weeks.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

Neonatal islet cell transplantation in the diabetic rat: effect on hepatic enzyme activity and glucose homeostasis.

Intraperitoneal transplantation of collagenase-digested, isogeneic, neonatal rat pancreatic tissue successfully reversed streptozotocin-induced diabetes in 77% of recipients. The low serum immunoreactive insulin, hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and weight loss, characteristic of the diabetic animal, were corrected and the reduced activities of hepatic glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, and the low glycogen concentration of the liver of diabetic rats were restored to normal. Forty-three per cent of the successfully transplanted rats became normoglycaemic within 1 month of transplantation whereas 57% took from 1 to 6 months to achieve normoglycaemia and displayed a mild glucose intolerance when subjected to a glucose load. The rats which had not become normoglycaemic 6 months after transplantation showed some amelioration of the diabetic state, as shown by increased serum immunoreactive insulin and hepatic glycogen concentration and a slow weight gain compared with diabetic controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A script for deep muscle relaxation.

Deep muscle relaxation has been used as an adjunct to many somatic and psycho-therapies since its introduction by Jacobsen in 1929. It is a therapeutic technique which is taught as a motor skill through the use of instruction, practice, and feedback about progress. The material in this paper provides a script for preparing a relaxation tape for clients to use between or in addition to regular therapy sessions.

Feedback↗
PubMed1977

Gallbladder bile composition in different ethnic groups.

A total of 194 gallbladder biles from various ethnic groups were analyzed for their composition. The solubility of cholesterol in bile was determined mainly by its relative amounts of phospholipid and bile salt present. Bile from patients with gallstones was usually supersaturated with cholesterol above the boundary of the metastable state. Biles from normal white subjects of Finland, New Zealand, and the United States were already in the metastable state of supersaturation with cholesterol. The Masai of East Africa and black subjects of the Unites States had a bile level below the limit of maximum cholesterol solubility. This study indicates that the difference in the prevalence of cholesterol cholelithiasis in various ethnic groups was related to the difference in their bile compontified factors.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1976

Enolase isoenzymes. III. Chromatographic and immunological characteristics of rat brain enolase.

1. The chromatography of rat brain enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolyase, EC 4.2.1.11) reveals three distinet components. One of these appears to be isoenzyme 1 (alpha alpha) but isoenzymes 2 (alpha beta) and 3 (beta beta) are absent. 2. The most acidic form of brain enolase was partially purified and an antiserum raised against it in the chicken. 3. a combination of chromatographic and immunological studies showed that a third type of subunit (gamma) is present in the brain giving rise to two further isoenzymes (alpha gamma and gamma gamma). 4. Developmental studies on the brain enzyme show an increase in total enolase activity from foetal life to maturity and a concurrent rise in the proportion of brain specific dimers. 5. It is therefore concluded that there are three genetic loci alpha, beta and gamma, coding for the enolase isoenzymes of rat tissues.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

Total and immunologically reacting muscle enolase in blood serum of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and carriers.

All of 12 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy manifested raised activity of serum enolase but only 10 showed elevation of immunologically reacting muscle enolase (IRM-enolase). Total enolase was raised in 4 of 12 mothers and one of 8 sisters of the affected subjects but IRM-enolase was elevated in only one mother. These results are consistent with the view that enolase, unlike creatine phosphokinase which showed much more pronounced increase in the serum of patients and their female relatives, is associated with a structural component of the muscle cell distinct from the presumed site of molecular abnormality in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Serum enolase and pyruvate kinase activities in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

Sequential determinations of serum enolase and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities were carried out in addition to routine enzyme assays on 191 patients admitted to a coronary care unit. The upper reference values established in 61 healthy laboratory staff members were 21 U/1 for enolase and 76 U/1 for PK. Of 99 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), 97 manifested raised serum enolase during the period of observation; 85 of these patients had raised serum PK. The incidence of raised values for serum PK among patients considered not to have sustained infarction was similar to that shown by the routine enzymes, but serum enolase activity was much more frequently raised in these patients. The time-course of elevation of serum enolase and also that of PK are discussed in relation to the changes in other serum enzymes routinely measured for MI.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1976

Serum cholesterol levels of Seventh-day Adventists.

Serum cholesterol levels and dietary habits were surveyed in 27 male and 34 female Seventh-day Adventist. All subjects studied were lacto-ovo-vegetarians and a few consumed some meat products. Their serum cholesterol levels, significantly lower than those of the United States general population, showed no sex difference but increased with age and were higher in overweight males. Their levels, however, were much higher than those of true vegetarians which was most likely attributable to their consumption, even though to a limited acount, of dairy foods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Angiotoxicity and arteriosclerosis due to contaminants of USP-grade cholesterol.

Impurities were concentrated from several lots of cholesterol by recrystallizing cholesterol from methanol solution, retaining the mother liquor, and evaporating the residuum to dryness under vacuum. This concentrate contained the products of spontaneous oxidation of cholesterol and other contaminants from the original source. The concentrate increased the frequency of dead aortic smooth muscle cells and induced focal intimal edema in the rabbit 24 hours after gavage at 250 mg/kg. New or old cholesterol was similarly angiotoxic, the old more so than the new. Cholesterol purified via dibromination induced an increase in aggregate debris in 24 hours at 250 mg/kg but no increase in degenerated cells. The concentrate administered at a total dose of 1 gm/kg/seven weeks induced intimal, fibrous lesions without foam cells or hypercholesterolemia. Purified cholesterol at the same dose produced no effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Immunological determination of muscle-type enolase in the serum as a diagnostic test for myocardial infarction.

An antiserum raised in the chicken against purified rat skeletal muscle enolase neutralized 86% of the enolase activity of human heart muscle and 8.7% +/- 4.8% (mean +/- S.D.) of the enolase activity in normal human serum. The fraction of enolase inhibited by the antiserum, designated as 'immunologically reacting muscle enolase', promptly rose after myocardial infarction in the serum of affected subjects, reaching peak values in excess of 40% in all but one of 23 subjects. Only one subject with ischaemic heart disease, but without infarction, and 2 with miscellaneous conditions, among 117 such patients tested, yielded comparable values. The test appears to be highly specific for myocardial infarction when muscle disease can be excluded and would not be difficult to introduce as a laboratory routine.

Diagnosis, Differential↗