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Biomedical subjects

C Arnaud

Publications and source records attributed to C Arnaud.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Relationship between inflammation, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and lidocaine tolerance during fiber-optic bronchoscopy.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between inflammation, increased alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), and lidocaine tolerance during fiber-optic bronchoscopy. Previous studies indicate that serum lidocaine levels vary widely from one individual to another. One reason for these variations may be the presence of an ongoing inflammatory process, which enhances serum AAG, a major binding protein of lidocaine. To test this hypothesis, we assayed free and bound lidocaine as well as AAG in the blood of 12 patients after administration of 9 mg/kg of lidocaine during fiber-optic bronchoscopy. Some of the subjects had clear evidence of inflammation or infection. A correlation was found between AAG and total and bound lidocaine but not between AAG and free lidocaine (which remained almost constant). Thus, in spite of the high total levels of lidocaine observed in some patients with inflammatory processes, the free fraction (which is the active and toxic fraction) remained low.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1986

Statistical argument for a presynaptic origin of the second positive component of somesthetic primary cortex evoked potential elicited by central afferent stimulation.

The positive components 1 and 2 of the averaged field response induced in the somesthetic S1 cortex by submaximal stimulation of cortical radiation and supramaximal stimulation of lemniscus medialis showed non-existent amplitude variability whereas the dispersion was significant for components 3, 4 and 5. The same stimulus delivered at a short intershock interval only induced waves 1 and 2 without any amplitude variability, the three following ones being under complete refractoriness. These results suggest a presynaptic origin of component 2.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Anti-inflammatory activity of 5 copper complexes].

The anti-inflammatory activity of five copper complexes is shown in the cotton wad granuloma test in Rats. The activity due to copper seems to be only modulated by the ligands in the complexes studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Circadian rhythms of the so-called inflammation proteins in healthy subjects].

Circadian rhythms for the factors listed below were investigated in 14 subjects hospitalized in apparently good health: total proteins, albumin, pre-albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, ceruloplasmin, C3, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and transferrin. Seven venous blood samples were taken from each subject over a 24 hour period. A circadian rhythm was detected for the total proteins, prealbumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, ceruloplasmin and transferrin. The acrophases occurred at about 12 hour intervals and the authors research group are already investigating these rhythms for the "inflammation proteins" and the transport proteins in cancer and inflammatory processes.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Increased PA-inhibitor levels in the postoperative period--no cause-effect relation with increased cortisol.

It has been reported that the level of PA-inhibitor increases in postoperative patients and on the other hand that glucocorticoids increase the PA-inhibitor level in cell culture. Because surgery is associated with increased plasma cortisol level, a relation between the postoperative increase in plasma cortisol and PA-inhibitor levels was looked for. Blood samples were collected from 8 patients undergoing extensive abdominal surgery, before operation and postoperatively at 2 hr, 4 hr, 24 hr and daily for 7 days. Plasma cortisol and PA-inhibitor were increased 2 hr after surgery, when there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.05). The maximum increase was at 24 hr and the values fell to normal on day 6. An increase in t-PA related antigen (t-PA R:Ag) and a decrease in euglobulin fibrinolytic activity (EFA) also occurred. In 7 controls 0.25 mg ACTH was given intravenously and blood was collected after 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 hr. Although the increase in plasma cortisol level following ACTH was comparable to that observed after surgery the increase was not associated with significant change in PA-inhibitor level, t-PA R:Ag or EFA. A cause-effect relationship between the increased plasma cortisol and PA-inhibitor level could not be shown. The mechanism of the postoperative increase in PA-inhibitor thus remains unknown.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Antibody against rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase.

To facilitate detailed studies of rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase regulation, a high titre polyclonal antibody was raised against purified rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (in a goat). The first stage of the purification of the lipoprotein lipase was carried out with heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. In the second stage we took advantage of the binding property of lipoprotein lipase to ampholytes. These ampholytes, used during this second step, do not have to be eliminated prior to injecting the enzyme preparation into the animal. They have neither toxic nor antigenic effects on the animal; moreover, their presence does not affect the antigenic potency of the lipoprotein lipase. When pre-incubated with a constant amount of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (8 mU/75 microliter), an equal volume of the antiserum raised either pure or diluted up to 1/50 resulted in complete inhibition of enzyme activity, and half maximal inhibition was observed at a dilution of 1/800. The antibody was effective in inhibiting rat heart lipoprotein lipase but not salt-resistant hepatic lipase. Immunodiffusion revealed a single line of precipitation between this antibody and the adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

[Blood cadmium and plasma zinc in hypertensive patients. Apropos of 76 cases].

Changes in total blood cadmium level (CdT), in blood plasma Zinc level (ZnP) and in CdT/ZnP ratio were studied in 39 hypertensive patients compared to 37 healthy subjects. The hypertensive patients were caracterized by a higher CdT level (p less than 10(-5)), a lower ZnP level (p less than 10(-7)) and a higher CdT/ZnP ratio (p less than 10(-7)). A negative correlation was found between CdT and ZnP, and between blood pressure values (systolic and diastolic) and ZnP. A positive correlation was found between blood pressure values and CdT, and therefore CdT/ZnP ratio.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

[Bepridil in the treatment of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardias].

Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bepridil, a new calcium antagonist, in the treatment of ventricular extrasystoles and tachycardia. The electrophysiological properties of bepridil especially the lengthening of the atrial effective refractory period, would also suggest an antiarrhythmic effect at the supraventricular level. This effect was studied on 33 episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) occurring in 23 patients (6 men and 17 women, mean age 58.1 years; range 18 to 88 years). Bepridil was given intravenously over 5 minutes at a dose of 3 mg/kg. The duration of SVT before administration was less than 1 hour in 10 cases, between 1 and 2 hours in 8 cases and over 2 hours in 15 cases. Sinus rhythm was successfully restored in 25 cases: within 1 to 5 minutes in 19 cases, 6 to 10 minutes in 3 cases and 11 to 30 minutes in 3 cases. In 24 of the 25 cases sinus rhythm was restored without a prolonged pause (over 2 sec) after the termination of SVT; in 3 cases intermediary atrial fibrillation lasting 1, 3 and 9 minutes was observed. There were no side-effects in 26 cases; transient flushing was noted in 5 cases and vagal symptoms in 2 cases. Haemodynamic tolerance judged by blood pressure measurements excellent in all cases. The correlations between plasma concentrations of bepridil and success or failure were poor. In conclusion, bepridil is a valuable alternative to adenosine triphosphate which may induce an exaggerated vagal response and to verapamil whose negative inotropic effects may sometimes be a serious disadvantage in the reduction of paroxysmal SVT.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of age on different receptors and functions of phagocytic cells.

Different tests were performed on 15 young (age between 17 and 39) and 13 older (62-83) subjects. Blood polymorphs and monocytes were separately tested for ingestion of 3 different particle species and stimulation of superoxide anion production. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the serum concentrations of 10 proteins possibly related to inflammatory processes were also determined. It is concluded that: Individual variations of phagocyte ability to be stimulated by different cell types are independent processes. Aged people displayed selective decrease of Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis by granulocytes and possibly selective impairment of nonspecific phagocytosis by monocytes. Further, the IgM level was decreased whereas the IgA, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were higher in old people than in young subjects. Correlations were found between the serum concentrations of some protein species and phagocytic function, but further experiments were coincidental (if both parameters were age-related) or revealed some causal link. It is suggested that our procedure provides a simple and reproducible way of testing many independent functions of phagocytic cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Comparison of quantity of thyroxine in thyroglobulin and the peptide hormones derived from chromatography and immunoenzyme assay].

An evaluation of the thyroxine content in thyroglobulin and different derived thyroxine-containing peptides by enzyme immunoassay is presented. Results correlate very well with those obtained by ion-exchange chromatography which served as a reference method: r = 0.997, p less than 10(-6). Enzyme immunoassay is more rapid and sensitive than ion-exchange chromatography and then suitable for routine use. Furthermore, this paper shows, for the first time, that enzyme immunoassay can be used to perform direct thyroxine estimation in small peptide (Mr less than 2,500) without previous total enzymatic hydrolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Course of ventricular arrhythmias following myocardial infarction. Results of a 2-year follow-up].

The incidence, evolution and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarctions were studied over a 2 year period in 144 patients (108 men, 36 women: mean age 64 +/- 2 years) by Holter monitoring on the 20th day, 6th month (104 recordings), 12th month (94 recordings), 18th month (76 recordings) and 24th month (82 recordings). A total of 500 recordings was obtained, 471 of which were of good enough quality to be interpreted. On the 20th day, the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias was independent of the site of myocardial infarction: they were classified as follows (Lown and Wolff grading): no ventricular arrhythmias (34 patients); moderate (Grade I) arrhythmias (73 patients, 50%); severe ventricular arrhythmias (Grades 2, 3, 4, 5) (37 patients, 26%). Fourty-seven patients underwent all 5 Holter recordings, the evolution of the arrhythmias could therefore be followed in detail. Despite considerable individual variation, the overall evolution indicated a clear aggravation at 6 months compared to the recording taken on the 20th day. At the 12th month, there was a higher incidence of arrhythmias but they were of a lower grade in 72% of cases: there was a steady improvement thereafter until the 24th month with the incidences falling to those observed on the 20th day. At the end of 2 years, there were 102 survivors; 41 patients died, and one was lost to follow-up. Over half the deaths (23 cases) occurred during the first 6 months, 4 during the second, 7 during the third and 7 during the fourth 6 months. The cause of death was cardiac in 21 cases, was of other causes in 4 cases and was unknown in 16 cases. The correlation between the death rate and results of Holter monitoring on the 20th day showed: only 4 of the 41 deaths had no recorded ventricular arrhythmia, there was a moderate or severe ventricular arrhythmia in 37 cases; in these patients, the cause of death (cardiac or other) was not related to the degree of arrhythmia. These results confirm previously reported preliminary studies indicating the value of Holter monitoring on the 20th day of myocardial infarction for assessing the 2 year prognosis. Death occurred in I ou of 10 Patients without ventricular arrhythmias, in 1 out of 4 patients with a moderate ventricular arrhythmia, and in 1 out of 2 patients with severe arrhythmias (p less than 0.001). The evolution was characterised by a "critical period", the first year, during which most deaths and aggravation of ventricular arrhythmias (in survivors) were observed; during the second year, there was a progressive improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1984

[Circadian rhythms in total serum proteins, IgM and C3 component of complement in 40 adult males apparently in good health].

Circadian changes of total proteins erythrocyte sedimentation rate, IgA, IgG, IgM and 12 others blood compounds were documented in 40, 40-60 years old, hospitalized males without any inflammatory or hepatic disease. These patients were synchronized by diurnal activity and nocturnal rest, and each of them was submitted to 5 samples during a 24 hours scale (07.00, 13.00, 19.00, 01.00 and 07.00). We only detected C3, IgM and total proteins significant circadian rhythms (peak time in the diurnal period). When these data were analysed by mean-Cosinor, they revealed three groups of subjects: 16 patients with an acrophase at 17.00 +/- 3.00, 8 with an acrophase at 06.00 +/- 3.00 and 16 (third/group) with large differences in the acrophase values. Such heterogenous results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Carbonic anhydrase activity in male chronic alcoholics. Statistical analysis of correlations apropos of 74 cases].

Changes in cadmium blood levels and erythrocyte contents and in carbonic anhydrase activity (C.A.A.) were studied comparatively in 74 male subjects: 37 chronic alcoholics and 37 healthy age-matched controls. Chronic alcoholics exhibited significantly higher serum and erythrocyte cadmium concentrations and lower CAA than controls. Cadmium levels were correlated with the CAA. There was a negative correlation between the CAA and the mean corpuscular volume, daily alcohol intake and duration of the intemperance, in contrast with a positive correlation demonstrated for cadmium concentrations.

Adult↗