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Biomedical subjects

C Arnaud

Publications and source records attributed to C Arnaud.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Cesarean section trends at the Toulouse University Hospital, from 1983 to 1993. Determinants and consequences].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors accounting for the increase in rate of cesarean section, between 1983 and 1993 (from 13.0% to 19.5%) in Toulouse University Hospital, a tertiary level center. DESIGN: Retrospective study of all single deliveries, excluding deaths in utero, between 1983 and 1993. RESULTS: Half the increase in overall rate was due to the numerical increase in women with a cesarean section history. The percentage of cesarean sections in these patients remained constant at 79% over this period. For the other patients, the increase in rate was due partly to an increase in risk factors, but mainly to a change in obstetric practice with a marked increase in elective cesarean section (70% of all cesarean sections in 1993). Major complications in the mothers were relatively rare, albeit significantly more frequent in the cesarean cases. Over the study period the percentage of infants requiring intensive care remained constant for the vaginal deliveries but declined for the cesarean sections. CONCLUSION: The increased rate of cesarean sections has not led to any increase in maternal complications, and appears to have had a small favorable influence on infant morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Influence of epidermal growth factor and interferon gamma on healing of oesophageal corrosive burns in the rat.

A study was performed to attempt to modify the healing response to severe oesophageal corrosive burns to prevent complications. The study was performed on four groups each of 15 Wistar rats: a control group, an untreated group and groups given epidermal growth factor (EGF) alone or EGF for 5 days and interferon (IFN) gamma from the sixth to 20th day. In the last three groups an oesophageal lesion was induced with 2.5 mol l-1 sodium hydroxide solution. The efficacy of treatment was assessed on days 2, 5 and 20 by measurement of weight gain, oesophageal internal lumen, stenosis index (wall thickness: lumen diameter) and collagen production. On day 5, collagen synthesis was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in rats given EGF than in the untreated group. On day 20, no significant difference was seen in weight gain between the control rats and either treated group and stenoses were present in all untreated rats and in none of the treated group. The stenosis index on day 20 was lower in the groups given EGF and EGF-IFN-gamma than in untreated rats (P < 0.05) and collagen production was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the group given EGF and IFN-gamma than in the other animals. The sequential use of EGF and IFN-gamma significantly reduced the frequency of residual stenosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Atropine effects on the intermediate stage and paradoxical sleep in rats.

Paradoxical sleep (PS) in the rat, cat and mouse is preceded and sometimes followed by a short-lasting intermediate stage (IS) characterized by high amplitude cortical spindles and low frequency theta rhythm. This stage, which is mimicked by an intercollicular transection, is massively extended at the expense of PS by low doses of barbiturates. Since the pontine cholinergic cell activation of PS is suppressed by barbiturates, we studied whether atropine, an antimuscarinic compound, extends IS at the expense of PS. Atropine sulfate was given at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg IP. All doses increased dose dependently the occurrence latency of IS and PS. The amount of IS and PS was decreased for several hours, principally by a decrease of the number of phases. At 20 mg/kg the phase mean duration of IS and PS was also decreased. Consequently, IS and PS are similarly supported by muscarinic processes. The theta rhythm frequency was scored during IS and outside PS phasic motor activities (type 2 theta). At all doses it was significantly increased for hours. The theta rhythm frequency was also transiently increased during the hypersynchronization periods of PS (type 1 theta). At 20 mg/kg it was similarly the case for type 1 theta rhythm during waking.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Treatment of caustic burns of the esophagus with interferon gamma. Comparison with epidermal growth factor. Experimental study in rats].

OBJECTIVES: Effects of sequential use of epidermal growth factor followed by interferon gamma on healing response after severe oesophageal corrosive burns has been demonstrated. This sequential treatment improves the inflammatory response of the initial phase and prevents residual stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of interferon gamma alone in the same condition. METHODS: The study was performed in 5 groups (n = 15) of Wistar rats: control, placebo, epidermal growth factor alone, interferon gamma alone and epidermal growth factor for 5 days followed by interferon gamma from the 6th to 20th day. The last 4 groups had an oesophageal injury caused by a solution of 2.5 N NaOH. The efficacy of treatment was assessed on days 2, 5 and 20 on: weight gain, oesophageal internal lumen, stenosis index: wall thickness/lumen diameter, collagen production. RESULTS: Interferon gamma significantly reduced residual stenosis frequency while it did not improves the initial healing process. A complete effect on the two healing phases was only observed in animals having the sequential treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results could lead to clinical trial in man to evaluate efficacy of sequential treatment with epidermal growth factor-interferon gamma in oesophageal corrosive burns.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Waking electroencephalograms in the blood-lymph and encephalitic stages of gambian trypanosomiasis.

Waking electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded from 48 patients infected with Trypanosoma gambiense. The EEG of the 10 patients with blood-lymph involvement were indistinguishable from those of healthy controls but recordings from the 38 patients with the encephalitic phase of the disease showed three unusual profiles. One profile type, apparently indicative of early cerebral impairment, had a sustained low-voltage background similar to that seen during light sleep. A second profile type, seen in cases with acute cerebral involvement but without focal seizures, showed paroxystic waves. The third unusual EEG pattern was of various types of delta wave (similar to those seen in demyelinating encephalitis) and rapid, intermittent high-voltage delta bursts between periods of lower-voltage delta activity (as often seen in meningo-encephalitis); all types of delta wave were of higher voltage than the spike and wave complexes. Although no definite correlation has been established between the severity of the disease, the results of clinical tests, and waking EEG patterns, it appears that the three types of EEG profile are indicative of the degree of cerebral involvement.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1992

Regulation of integrin gene expression by substrate adherence.

Under substrate adherent conditions, integrin gene expression can be regulated by transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-1 beta, and prostaglandins. This report demonstrates a new mechanism that can differentially control the expression of several integrins. When MG-63 osteosarcoma cells are maintained in suspension, up-regulation of several integrin alpha-subunits takes place. Within as little as 4 h, the mRNA levels for both the alpha 2- and alpha 4-subunits are increased 4- and 6-fold, respectively. It was found that mRNA levels for the alpha 2-, alpha 4-, and alpha v-subunits were markedly increased in several differentiated cell lines under nonadherent conditions; however, cells that did not express a given integrin under substrate adherent conditions also did not express this integrin when maintained in suspension. The alpha 5-subunit did not upregulate during suspension growth. By immunocytochemistry, changes in integrin mRNA levels were confirmed at the protein level. Both cytochalasin B and a phorbol ester were found to induce the expression of the alpha 2-subunit, but not the alpha 4- and alpha 5-subunits, in a dose-dependent fashion. Many investigators have documented changes in gene expression that result from changes in "cell shape." These phenomena may result from up-regulation of integrin gene expression induced by the lack of substrate adherence.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Study of the crystalline lens by fluorophotometry in 60 control subjects and 56 diabetics].

Lens autofluorescence was measured with a commercially available computer fluorophotometer: Fluorotron Master, in 56 diabetic patients (34 insulin-dependent and 22 non insulin-dependent) mean age +/- S.E.M. = 45.65 +/- 3.92 years; and in 60 control patients, mean age +/- 44.82 +/- 4.70 years. Scanning measurement of fluorescence was performed along the optical axis of the two eyes. Lens fluorescence refers to the highest fluorescence intensity found in the anterior part of the lens nucleus: anterior lens peak. For both populations, lens autofluorescence increased linearly with age (p less than 0.001) and was significantly higher in the diabetic population at all ages. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation with the duration of diabetes for insulin-dependent (p less than 0.001) but not for non insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, and not on metabolic control: mean Hb A1C levels over last five years. These results showed that fluorophotometry was an objective and reproducible method for in vivo human lens study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The intermediate stage of sleep in mice.

Seven mice of Balb/C strain were implanted with electrodes to perform sleep-waking recordings. In 100% of the cases, the mice showed, prior to paradoxical sleep, the intermediate stage of sleep characterized by high-amplitude cortical spindles interspersed with slow waves and low-frequency theta rhythm in the dorsal hippocampus. Consequently, the intermediate stage which seems to correspond to a transient functional isolated forebrain does exist in the rat, cat and mouse. in the rat, cat and mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Bupivacaine free plasma levels in children after caudal anaesthesia: influence of pretreatment with diazepam?

Diazepam-induced modifications in bupivacaine distribution have been noted in previously reported data investigating the influence of diazepam on bupivacaine plasma levels in children undergoing surgery under caudal block with a mixture of lignocaine and bupivacaine. Possible diazepam-induced changes in protein binding were therefore examined in this study. Our data did not demonstrate significant modifications in bupivacaine protein binding when diazepam is used concomitantly.

Anesthesia, Caudal↗
PubMed1989

[Absence of changes in elderly patients of circadian variation of various so-called inflammation proteins].

In order to demonstrate possible modifications of circadian rhythms of plasma proteins in elderly, we measured every four hours during 28 hours in 14 aged (greater than 60 years) subjects orosomucoid, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and ceruleoplasmin (Cp). A circadian rhythm of the 3 proteins was significantly detected: the 24 hour mean values of orosomucoid and AAT were higher in elderly compared to young subjects but not difference was detected concerning Cp. As far as acrophase and amplitude of these rhythms were concerned no statistical differences were found between elderly and young subjects.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Regional adipocyte precursors in the female rat. Influence of ovarian factors.

A flow cytometric immunofluorescence procedure utilizing a specific antibody to rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was developed to quantify differentiated and undifferentiated preadipocytes present in the adipose tissue vascular stroma. This method is highly sensitive and specific for cells capable of synthesizing LPL in significant quantities. Pubescence in female rats was associated with an increase in differentiated preadipocytes and in fat cell number with enlargement of the fat depots in the perirenal, parametrial, and the subcutaneous dorsal and femoral regions. A concomitant decline in the percentage of undifferentiated preadipocytes occurred in all but the femoral depot. Ovariectomy reduced pubertal adipose growth in the femoral and parametrial but not the dorsal or perirenal regions. Furthermore, the femoral undifferentiated preadipocyte pool was not preserved in the ovariectomized animals. Thus, ovarian factors influence the pubescence-associated regional preadipocyte differentiation and conversion to adipocytes. The femoral depot contains an ovarian-dependent infinite pool of fat cell precursors. These features could account for the association between ovarian hormones and body fat topography.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Effects of severe burns on glycan microheterogeneity of four acute phase proteins.

In serum from 8 severely burned patients, haptoglobin (Hp), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AG) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AT) were found to be increased by factors of 5, 6 and 2 respectively. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) was slightly decreased. In order to appreciate possible modifications to the structure of their attached N-glycans, whole sera were fractionated on concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose and respective glycoproteins measured by laser nephelometry using a monospecific antiserum. In the serum from normal as well as burned patients Hp was almost entirely bound to the immobilized lectin (but eluted with 300 mmol/l alpha 1-methylglucoside) and Cp was bound at about 92%. For AG, in contrast, the fraction without affinity for Con A, 25% in normal serum, decreased to 5% in patients, whereas the retained species increased in proportion. A very weakly reactive fraction (which was only retarded and eluted without alpha-methylglucoside) amounted to 72% in both types of serum. When reduced and alkylated, this intermediate fraction gave rise to both non-retained and retained species always in a proportion of about 1/3. On the whole one concludes that there is a significant shift for AG in burned patients towards species enriched in bi-antennary (Con A-reactive) glycans. For AT a minor part was not recognized by the lectin and about 27% was retarded. The latter, which increased in burned patients, gave rise mainly to retained species after reduction and alkylation. This again suggests a shift to bi-antennary glycans.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗