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Biomedical subjects

B Schwarz

Publications and source records attributed to B Schwarz.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Squamous carcinoma of the external ear.

The medical records of 486 patients with pathologically proved squamous carcinoma of the skin of the external ear were analyzed. It is a disease of elderly white men, and the helix is the most common site of origin. Well-differentiated squamous carcinoma is the most frequent histologic variant. Ninety-five percent of our patients were treated surgically with above-clavical control in 87 percent and 28 percent survival. The low survival rate was related to the old age of the patients who frequently died of intercurrent disease and second cancers. A 12 percent incidence of nodal metastases is comparable with the incidence reported in other series. Aggressive surgical ablation and the selected use of adjunctive postoperative irradiation appear justified in those patients with locally invasive tumors, multiple nodal metastases, and extracapsular invasion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Antiherpes activity of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)- and 5-vinyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil and some other 5-substituted uracil arabinosyl nucleosides in two different cell lines.

Of a series of 5-substituted 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (5-X-araU) analogues, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-araU(BrVaraU) and 5-vinyl-araU (VaraU) were the most potent inhibitors of plaque formation by two herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains in human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF) cell cultures. They were not only more active than 5-methyl-araU (MaraU, araT) and 5-ethyl-araU (EaraU), but even more than 1000 times more potent than the 5-fluoro, 5-iodo, 5-formyl and 5-trifluoromethyl (FaraU, IaraU, faraU, CF3araU) analogues. BrVaraU and VaraU were superior to 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (Acyclovir, ACV) and comparable in potency with 2'-fluoro-5-iodoaracytosine (FIAC) and 2'-fluoro-5-methylarauracil (FMAU). Their anti-HSV-1 potency was surpassed only by (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BrVUdR). Surprisingly, in a HSV-1 plaque inhibition assay in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells, BrVaraU and VaraU were nearly 100 times active or even inactive. In contrast, the antiherpes activity of ACV, FIAC, FMAU and BrVUdR differed only marginally in the two cell lines. The following order of (decreasing) activity against HSV-2 in HELF cells was found: FIAC = FMAU greater than MaraU (araT) greater than ACV greater than VaraU greater than BrVUdR greater than CF3araU greater than IaraU greater than FaraU = Eara U greater than BrVaraU greater than araU greater than faraU. When deoxyribose is replaced by arabinose in 5-X-UdR analogues, a slight increase in anti-HSV-1-77 activity was observed for the 5-vinyl or 5-ethyl substituent, whereas the other 5-X-araU nucleosides were two to more than 100 times less active than their deoxyribosyl counterparts. However, the sugar exchange led to a strong reduction in anti-HSV-2 activity regardless of the 5-substituent.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Changes in the quality of life after coronary revascularization].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of quality of life after coronary revascularization. Out of 189 longterm survivors who underwent coronary revascularization between January 1979 and February 1980, 142 patients (134 men, 8 women) aged 36 to 71 agreed to cooperate in this study and to answer our questions. The questionnaire included 38 questions related to anginal pain, capacity for physical activity, employment, and psychological state. The change in the quality of life was assessed from the sum of changes in the variables. There was a significant improvement of angina in 82.4%, 81% were free of symptoms or in NYHA class I. 69.2% of those questioned claimed increased capacity for physical activity, and depression improved in 55.3%. The subjective improvement did not completely correlate with return to work, only 50.4% were working again after the operation. There was a significant relationship between reemployment and the period of unemployment before operation, as well as with the kind of employment. Quality of life was improved in 80.3% of the patients, unchanged in 10.5%, and poorer in 9.2%. From this study it may be concluded that coronary revascularization can improve the subjective feeling of well-being as well as physical symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Biochemical characterization of the layers of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the pig body.

During the formation of two layers of adipose tissue in the pig's body, starting from the 80th day after birth, samples were obtained by biopsy and analyzed for gross constituents and enzymes concerned with fatty-acid biosynthesis. These two layers differ in total lipid and water content and demonstrate more subtle differences amongst DNA, protein, collagen and sodium concentrations when comparisons are made in regard to age, sex, and breeding selection for low-fat animals. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are more active in the inner layer, while 6-phosphogluconate and isocitrate dehydrogenases are distinguishable in the two layers of adipose tissue as well if age, sex, and breeding line are taken into consideration. The data form the basis for a more detailed study of lipogenic potentials in adipose tissue (next paper).

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1980

H1 + H2-receptor antagonists for premedication in anaesthesia and surgery: a critical view based on randomized clinical trials with Haemaccel and various antiallergic drugs.

Histamine release by drugs used in anaesthesia and surgery has been often demonstrated in human volunteers, but only occassionally in patients. Three questions arose from these studies. (1) Is the incidence of histamine release high in patients during routine anaesthesia and surgery? (2) Can the clinical effects of histamine release in man be prevented by H1 + H2-receptor antagonists? (3) Are there any side-effects of such a premedication? These problems were investigated in patients and volunteers by randomized controlled clinical trials using only one of the histamine-liberating drugs in man, the plasma substitute Haemaccel. This drug was chosen because it causes a reproducible histamine release in man and because its mechanism of action in man is largely known. (1) Out of 600 orthopaedic patients 30 (5%) showed anaphylactoid reactions following Haemaccel infusion. 26 of these had a histamine release of more than 1 ng histamine/ml plasma. Using predictive values this gives an efficiency of the test by nearly 98%. (2) In volunteers the combination of an H1-plus H2-receptor antagonist (dimethypyrindene and cimetidine) completely prevented the clinical effects of histamine release by Haemaccel (9 allergoid and anaphylactoid reactions in the control group, none in the H1 + H2-group). The incidence of histamine release, however, remained unchanged. (3) The premedication was found to release histamine itself. Cimetidine was effective when given alone but especially in combination with chlorpheniramine (4 events out of 7 applications). The clinical side-effects of these premedication were mild since apparently the free histamine was largely blocked at the receptor sites. It is concluded that premedication with a combination of H1- and H2-receptor antagonists is indicated due to the high incidence of histamine release during anaesthesia and surgery induced by various drugs and treatments. Such premedication is effective but associated with mild side-effects. For this reason more extended clinical trials with dimethpyrindene plus cimetidine in patients are necessary before this premedication can be generally recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

beta-Lactamase activity in slow-growing nonpigmented mycobacteria and their sensitivity to certain beta-lactam antibiotics.

It has been reported that certain nonpigmented, slow-growing mycobacteria do not have a constitutive beta-lactamase and are more sensitive to benzyl penicillin than M. tuberculosis. Thirty-nine isolates of these organisms, most of them belonging to the M. avium-intracellulare complex, were found to be sensitive to less than 10 micrograms of benzyl penicillin per ml in vitro. Approximately half of these isolates were inhibited by 1 microgram per ml. By contrast of 32 isolates of M. tuberculosis, only one was inhibited by 10 micrograms of benzyl penicillin. Sensitivity studies with cephalothin yielded similar results. Analysis of beta-lactamase activity in some of these species showed no activity, confirming earlier observations of this deficit.

Cephalothin↗
PubMed1978

Histamine and pancreatitis: increase of plasma histamine levels in dogs with Pfeffer preparation and influence of aminoguanidine on the survival time.

Histamine release could be shown in 50% of the dogs suffering from acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis in Pfeffer's preparation. The survival time of these dogs was shorter by about 50% than that of animals without alteration of the plasma histamine levels. The powerful diamine oxidase blocker aminoguanidine diminished the incidence of severe pancreatitis in the dogs without influencing survival time. As in animals treated by saline histamine release could be shown in 50% of the aminoguanidine-treated dogs in which higher plasma histamine levels were determined than in saline-treated animals. The survival time of the dogs with histamine release, however, was not different from that of animals with normal plasma histamine levels throughtout the experiment. The actions of aminoguanidine in Pfeffer's preparation seemed to be rather complex. Contrasting effects on the development of pancreatitis and on histamine inactivation may have influenced the survival time in different directions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Histamine release in dogs by Cremophor E1 and its derivatives: oxethylated oleic acid is the most effective constituent.

Several preparations of Cremophor E1, several of other non-ionic detergents and several components of Cremophor E1 were tested for their histamine-releasing capacity in dogs. Lutensol AP 10 and a derivative of 1,2-propylenglycol were ineffective, but showed excellent properties as detergents. Thus the histamine-releasing capacity was not necessarily combined with the tenside effect of the surfactants. Oleic acid found in Tween 80 as well as in Cremophor E1 seems to be the most effective constituent, but the alcohol seems also to be important for the histamine-releasing capacity. The development of a non-toxic solubilizer for lipophilic drugs seems of considerable clinical interest.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Anaphylactoid reactions following administration of plasma substitutes in man. Prevention of this side-effect of haemaccel by premedication with H1- and H2-receptor antagonists (author's transl)].

In a randomized controlled single blind trial in 50 volunteers the problem was investigated whether a combination of dimethpyrindene (0.1 mg/kg b.w.) and cimetidine (10 mg/kg b.w.) could prevent anaphylactoid or allergoid reactions following Haemaccel infusion. In the control group 6 anaphylactoid and 9 allergoid reactions were observed, in the H1 + H2-group, however, none of those reactions occured. No single wheal could be detected. It is considered appropriate to recommend the general use premedication of an H1 + H2-blocker before all anaesthetics and operations. This mainly depends on further clinical trials with the antihistaminic drugs concerning their side-effects under various conditions.

Anaphylaxis↗