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Biomedical subjects

B Moore

Publications and source records attributed to B Moore.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Community hospitals for the new millennium.

There is a lack of basic information regarding the numbers of and facilities offered by community hospitals. This survey identified 471 community hospitals in the United Kingdom containing 18,579 beds with 20% of general practitioners having admitting rights. The majority of hospitals provide a comprehensive range of rehabilitation services and consultant outpatient clinics. Community hospitals are potentially an important resource in providing intermediate care in the community.

Health Services Accessibility↗
PubMed2000

The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of earth as a system.

Motivated by the rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 due to human activities since the Industrial Revolution, several international scientific research programs have analyzed the role of individual components of the Earth system in the global carbon cycle. Our knowledge of the carbon cycle within the oceans, terrestrial ecosystems, and the atmosphere is sufficiently extensive to permit us to conclude that although natural processes can potentially slow the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2, there is no natural "savior" waiting to assimilate all the anthropogenically produced CO2 in the coming century. Our knowledge is insufficient to describe the interactions between the components of the Earth system and the relationship between the carbon cycle and other biogeochemical and climatological processes. Overcoming this limitation requires a systems approach.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Decoding of tandem quadruplets by adjacent tRNAs with eight-base anticodon loops.

To expand the genetic code for specification of multiple non-natural amino acids, unique codons for these novel amino acids are needed. As part of a study of the potential of quadruplets as codons, the decoding of tandem UAGA quadruplets by an engineered tRNA(Leu) with an eight-base anticodon loop, has been investigated. When GCC is the codon immediately 5' of the first UAGA quadruplet, and release factor 1 is partially inactivated, the tandem UAGAs specify two leucines with an overall efficiency of at least 10%. The presence of a purine at anticodon loop position 32 of the tRNA decoding the codon 5' to the first UAGA seems to influence translation of the following codon. Another finding is intraribosomal dissociation of anticodons from codons and their re-pairing to mRNA at overlapping or nearby codons. In one case where GCC is replaced by CGG, only a single Watson-Crick base pair can form upon re-pairing when decoding is resumed. This has implications for the mechanism of some cases of programmed frameshifting.

Anticodon↗
PubMed2000

Gone with the wind: the origin of S0 galaxies in clusters

We present three-dimensional, high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of the interaction between the hot ionized intracluster medium and the cold interstellar medium of spiral galaxies. Ram pressure and turbulent/viscous stripping remove 100% of the atomic hydrogen content of luminous galaxies like the Milky Way within 100 million years. These mechanisms naturally account for the morphology of S0 galaxies and the rapid truncation of star formation implied by spectroscopic observations, as well as a host of observational data on the neutral hydrogen (HI) morphology of galaxies in clusters.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Collisional versus Collisionless Dark Matter.

We compare the structure and substructure of dark matter halos in model universes dominated by collisional, strongly self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) and collisionless, weakly interacting dark matter (CDM). While SIDM virialized halos are more nearly spherical than CDM halos, they can be rotationally flattened by as much as 20% in their inner regions. Substructure halos suffer ram-pressure truncation and drag, which are more rapid and severe than their gravitational counterparts tidal stripping and dynamical friction. Lensing constraints on the size of galactic halos in clusters are a factor of 2 smaller than predicted by gravitational stripping, and the recent detection of tidal streams of stars escaping from the satellite galaxy Carina suggests that its tidal radius is close to its optical radius of a few hundred parsecs-an order of magnitude smaller than predicted by CDM models but consistent with SIDM models. The orbits of SIDM satellites suffer significant velocity bias, sigmaSIDM&solm0;sigmaCDM=0.85, and are more circular than CDM satellites, betaSIDM approximately 0.5, in agreement with the inferred orbits of the Galaxy's satellites. In the limit of a short mean free path, SIDM halos have singular isothermal density profiles; thus, in its simplest incarnation SIDM, is inconsistent with galactic rotation curves.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Quadruplet codons: implications for code expansion and the specification of translation step size.

One of the requirements for engineering expansion of the genetic code is a unique codon which is available for specifying the new amino acid. The potential of the quadruplet UAGA in Escherichia coli to specify a single amino acid residue in the presence of a mutant tRNA(Leu) molecule containing the extra nucleotide, U, at position 33.5 of its anticodon loop has been examined. With this mRNA-tRNA combination and at least partial inactivation of release factor 1, the UAGA quadruplet specifies a leucine residue with an efficiency of 13 to 26 %. The decoding properties of tRNA(Leu) with U at position 33.5 of its eight-membered anticodon loop, and a counterpart with A at position 33.5, strongly suggest that in both cases their anticodon loop bases stack in alternative conformations. The identity of the codon immediately 5' of the UAGA quadruplet influences the efficiency of quadruplet translation via the properties of its cognate tRNA. When there is the potential for the anticodon of this tRNA to dissociate from pairing with its codon and to re-pair to mRNA at a nearby 3' closely matched codon, the efficiency of quadruplet translation at UAGA is reduced. Evidence is presented which suggests that when there is a purine base at position 32 of this 5' flanking tRNA, it influences decoding of the UAGA quadruplet.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Induction of lung fibrosis in the mouse by intratracheal instillation of fluorescein isothiocyanate is not T-cell-dependent.

Pulmonary fibrosis is the pathological result of a diverse group of insults. Common features of this group of diseases include chronic inflammation and immune cell activation. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is not well defined and the prognosis is poor, highlighting the need for good animal models to elucidate the cellular and molecular events that lead to pulmonary fibrosis. This paper provides insight on a newly described model of pulmonary fibrosis using a single intratracheal challenge with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Balb-c and C57BL6 mice given intratracheal FITC develop acute lung injury followed by chronic inflammation. Significant increases in lung collagen content compared to saline-treated mice are noted at day 21 after inoculation. T-cell-deficient animals develop similar increases in lung collagen content compared to immunocompetent controls despite the abrogation of specific anti-FITC serum antibodies. Thus, the induction of fibrosis in FITC-challenged mice is not dependent on T cell immunity. Persistent chronic inflammation and acute lung injury may be the inciting events for the development of lung fibrosis in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Persistence of hepatitis C virus in a human megakaryoblastic leukaemia cell line.

Thrombocytopenia is a frequent clinical finding in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Platelets from patients with HCV infection have been identified as carriers of HCV RNA in our previous studies. The present study was designed to further investigate the possibility of HCV replication in megakaryoblasts from which platelets are eventually released. A megakaryoblastic cell line (MEG-01), established from a chronic myelogenous leukaemia patient 13 years ago, was used for this study. The MEG-01 cells were inoculated with fresh serum from a patient with HCV infection and renamed MEG-01-I cells. Surprisingly, both MEG-01 and MEG-01-I were positive by HCV reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the existence of HCV RNA and minus-strand HCV RNA, regardless of inoculation. This was further confirmed by in situ RT-PCR. The HCV antigens, such as core, envelope, and non-structural (NS)3 and NS4, were also present in both cell lines, as identified by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence staining. In addition, virus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy in the MEG-01 cell line as well as in the MEG-01-I cell line. These findings indicate that the megakaryoblasts are vulnerable to HCV infection and that replication of HCV can occur in these cells. This may help us to better understand the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in patients with HCV infection. The MEG-01 cell line, which may have been continuously shedding HCV for years, should be a useful model for experimental research into HCV.

Fluorescent Antibody Technique↗
PubMed1999

Expression of the cell adhesion molecules on leukocytes that demarginate during acute maximal exercise.

The pulmonary vascular bed is an important reservoir for the marginated pool of leukocytes that can be mobilized by exercise or catecholamines. This study was designed to determine the phenotypic characteristics of leukocytes that are mobilized into the circulation during exercise. Twenty healthy volunteers performed incremental exercise to exhaustion [maximal O2 consumption (VO2 max)] on a cycle ergometer. Blood was collected at baseline, at 3-min intervals during exercise, at VO2 max, and 30 min after exercise. Total white cell, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), and lymphocyte counts increased with exercise to VO2 max (P < 0.05). Flow cytometric analysis showed that the mean fluorescence intensity of L-selectin on PMN (from 14.9 +/- 1 at baseline to 9.5 +/- 1.6 at VO2 max, P < 0.05) and lymphocytes (from 11.7 +/- 1.2 at baseline to 8 +/- 0.8 at VO2 max, P < 0.05) decreased with exercise. Mean fluorescence intensity of CD11b on PMN increased with exercise (from 10.2 +/- 0.6 at baseline to 25 +/- 2.5 at VO2 max, P < 0.002) but remained unchanged on lymphocytes. Myeloperoxidase levels in PMN did not change with exercise. In vitro studies showed that neither catecholamines nor plasma collected at VO2 max during exercise changed leukocyte L-selectin or CD11b levels. We conclude that PMN released from the marginated pool during exercise express low levels of L-selectin and high levels of CD11b.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A Drosophila doublesex-related gene, terra, is involved in somitogenesis in vertebrates.

The Drosophila doublesex (dsx) gene encodes a transcription factor that mediates sex determination. We describe the characterization of a novel zebrafish zinc-finger gene, terra, which contains a DNA binding domain similar to that of the Drosophila dsx gene. However, unlike dsx, terra is transiently expressed in the presomitic mesoderm and newly formed somites. Expression of terra in presomitic mesoderm is restricted to cells that lack expression of MyoD. In vivo, terra expression is reduced by hedgehog but enhanced by BMP signals. Overexpression of terra induces rapid apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that a tight regulation of terra expression is required during embryogenesis. Terra has both human and mouse homologs and is specifically expressed in mouse somites. Taken together, our findings suggest that terra is a highly conserved protein that plays specific roles in early somitogenesis of vertebrates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

A clinical review of hyperopia in young children. The Hyperopic Infants' Study Group, THIS Group.

BACKGROUND: Hyperopia is the most common refractive error of children. Children with mild (or even moderate) levels of hyperopia usually do not experience visual problems resulting from this hyperopia. However, children with moderate-to-high degrees of hyperopia are at significantly increased risk for the development of amblyopia and strabismus. It is this association with these visually threatening disorders that makes hyperopia in children an important public health problem. In addition, even lesser degrees of hyperopia may affect the child's ability to perform well in near-related tasks, such as reading. The effect hyperopia has on an individual child is dependent on a variety of factors, including the magnitude of hyperopia, the age of the individual, the status of the accommodative and convergence system, and the demands placed on the visual system. Early detection and treatment of hyperopia may help prevention of potential complications from adversely impacting the child's vision. Although much is known about childhood hyperopia and its effects on vision, there is also much that is not known. The natural history, ocular biometry, relationship to accommodative function, the indications for treatment, and the most effective treatment modalities are among the underlying issues and clinical considerations awaiting more complete understanding.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1999

Suicide first aid.

This paper describes some aspects of suicide intervention and outlines a service, and some of the features it offers, to assist in suicide prevention.

Counseling↗