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Biomedical subjects

B Moore

Publications and source records attributed to B Moore.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Vasectomy as a contraceptive method.

The paper reports a series of 1,000 consecutive vasectomies, mostly self referrals, performed at a family planning clinic. Comprehensive counseling was a mandatory prerequisite, the average time spent considering vasectomy prior to counseling was 22 months. The couples characteristics were as follows: age 30-39 years, married 11.3 years, with 3.4 children, upper social class preponderance. To minimise the risk of recanalisation (0.2%), 20 mm of vas deferens was resected. In the early part of the series, inflammatory tissue reaction due to slow absorption of synthetic suture posed a minor problem which was subsequently eliminated by use of a soft gut variety. The majority (99%) was pleased with the procedure and did not suffer complications. One per cent experienced some psycho-sexual problems such as decreased libido, ejaculatory problems, depression. Based on data collected from other centres we estimate that 3,303 sterilizations were performed in Ireland in 1986 with a male:female ratio of 3.2.

Contraception↗
PubMed1988

Sodium NMR imaging of lung water in rats.

Coronal proton and sodium images of control rats and rats with either increased permeability edema produced by intravenous alloxan (300 mg/kg) or increased pressure edema produced by saline infusion (2 ml/min) were obtained. Axial chest CT images were used to monitor the development of pulmonary edema. Immediately after the imaging session compartmental lung water was measured gravimetrically. The sodium and proton imagings were done sequentially in a 31-cm-bore 1.9-T magnet without moving the animal. The anatomical boundaries of the lung on the proton images were transferred to the sodium images for calculation of the average sodium signal intensity which was determined by extrapolating the mean values from five echoes to time zero. The sodium signal intensity was correlated (r = 0.7) with the total water fraction. There was poor correlation (r = 0.56) with the extravascular water due to confounding by the sodium vascular signal.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Factors contributing to paramedic onscene time during evaluation and management of blunt trauma.

Prehospital patient management decisions are complex because the traumatized patient population is heterogeneous with respect to demographics, mechanism of injury, physiological response to injury, and time from injury to medical care. One hundred and nine blunt trauma patient evaluations by paramedics in a county-wide semirural emergency medical services (EMS) system were analyzed to determine paramedic time on the scene and the factors that might influence onscene time. Onscene time linearly correlated with a prolonged transport time. Hemodynamic and respiratory dysfunction were also associated with increased onscene time. Mean onscene time was not significantly different between high (greater than 13) and low (less than or equal to 13) trauma score (TS) groups, although patients with low TS did receive more interventions (more intravenous lines, more frequent intubation, and more frequent pneumatic antishock garment use). Similar results were found when high (greater than 10) and low (less than or equal to 10) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) groups were compared. The correlation of emergency department TS with initial prehospital TS and onscene time demonstrated a small improvement in TS with increasing onscene time for the patient with an initial TS greater than or equal to 13. However, patient groups with either a low TS or a low GCS score showed no significant improvement in TS with increasing onscene time. Without a strict management algorithm, paramedics use a variety of cues to guide their actions during the onscene management of blunt trauma. Future studies should address the impact of strict management algorithms on onscene time and ultimate patient outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Growth and growth hormone therapy of children treated for leukaemia.

A total of 37 children (24 male, 13 female) who had been treated for leukaemia with chemotherapy and 24 Gy cranial irradiation, and who were disease free for at least 18 months, were commenced on somatrem at a mean of 7.6 years (range, 4.8-12.1 years) after leukaemia diagnosis because of growth rate below the 25th centile for bone age. Peak GH response to provocation (exercise, arginine, insulin hypoglycaemia) was less than 20 milliunits/litre in 27 children (deficient group) and 20 milliunits/litre or more in 10 children (non-deficient group). The mean height SD decrease from diagnosis of leukaemia to commencement of somatrem was 1.98, 86% of the children decreasing by more than 1 SD. Those who were tall for age at leukaemia diagnosis and females were more severely affected. Mean (+/- SD) height velocity increased on somatrem from 2.7 +/- 1.1 to 6.6 +/- 2.2 cm/year during the first 6 months (n = 25), and to 6.0 +/- 1.7 cm/year during the first 12 months (n = 19). No difference in growth response was seen between the sexes or between the deficient and non-deficient groups. Catch-up growth occurred for the first 6 months only. It is concluded that children with a low growth rate after treatment of leukaemia should be considered for GH therapy irrespective of the results of GH provocative tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Purification of T47D human progesterone receptor and immunochemical characterization with monoclonal antibodies.

In order to obtain steroid-independent probes for human progesterone receptor (PR), the A [88-93 kilodalton (kDa)] and B (109-119 kDa) forms of PR from T47D human breast cancer cells were partially purified and used to generate a series of 14 monoclonal antibodies. Initially, unoccupied PR was isolated from cytosol extracts by steroid affinity chromatography, followed by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Bio-Gel. The partially pure (3-15%) PR consisted of two steroid-binding components that migrated at 89 kDa and 109 kDa in reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate gels after being photoaffinity labeled with the synthetic progestin [3H]R5020. Two unique monoclonal antibodies to PR were derived from a male Lewis rat immunized with this material. One of these antibodies (JU601) was coupled to Sepharose 4B and used to purify T47D nuclear PR for additional immunizations. Highly purified (30-70%) PR migrated as 93 kDa and 119 kDa progestin-binding proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. In all, thirteen monoclonal antibodies were obtained that recognized epitopes shared by both receptor forms. One mouse immunoglobulin G (KC146) was completely specific for the larger B form. Interestingly, the epitope for this antibody was present on all PRs tested, including the B form of PR from chicken oviduct, whereas nine other antibodies recognized only human PR and the remaining four cross reacted with rabbit PR. With the exception of the JU145 and JU601 rat immunoglobulin Ms, all antibodies appeared to be completely specific for the A or B forms of PR. Each recognized the cytosol and nuclear forms of occupied as well as unoccupied PR. Although the relationship between B and A was not established, it is clear that an amino-terminal region of B is not present in A, and that a significant portion of A and B are either identical or very similar in amino acid sequence.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Promoting safety belt use among state employees: the effects of prompting and a stimulus-control intervention.

This study assessed the effects of dashboard stickers and signature sheets on safety belt use among occupants of state-owned vehicles in three Florida agencies. The stickers and signature sheets contained information regarding a regulation requiring safety belt use and a consequence of a 25% reduction in benefits for noncompliance if the driver were to become involved in an accident. Safety belt use significantly increased during the intervention phase in all three agencies and maintained variable but high levels for 5 months. In Agency 1 and Agency 2 (stickers plus signature sheets) safety belt use increased from averages of 10.8% and 9.4% during baseline to 57.4% and 47.0%, respectively, during intervention. In Agency 3 (stickers only) the rates of safety belt use averaged 9.7% during baseline and 38.0% during intervention. Some increases in private vehicle use were observed. A substantial reduction in workers' compensation claim costs was shown for the target agencies with some reductions also shown in the nontarget agencies.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1986

Transient midline raphe glial structure in the developing rat.

A major glial structure is present during development within the midline raphe of the midbrain, hindbrain, and cervical spinal cord of the rat. It is composed of great numbers of glial cell bodies lying immediately ventral to the cerebral ventricular system and the large radial processes extending from these cells toward the ventral surface of the brain roughly within the midsagittal plane. There is also a smaller group of glial cells on the dorsal surface of the aqueduct and the central canal whose processes extend to the dorsal surface of the brain. The entire structure exhibits an intensely positive immunoreactivity with the antibody to the S-100 protein, a nervous-system-specific protein found primarily in the cytoplasm of astrocytes. This immunoreactivity makes possible a clear visualization of the extent, magnitude, and continuity of this structure from at least embryonic day 15, the first age examined, until postnatal days 7-8, when it is no longer visible by this technique. This glial structure has several prominent morphological characteristics. During prenatal and early postnatal development the fibers forming the ventral aspect of the structure in the midbrain and hindbrain are formed into two parallel plates on either side of the midline with S-100-negative tissue between the plates. As development progresses, S-100-positive fibers are continually added so that the plates become thicker at the expense of the nonstaining intervening area. By postnatal day 4 only a single midline plate of fibers is visible, occupying the entire midline raphe. In the region of the pontine flexure the entire structure takes on a distinctly pleated configuration. This fact produces a curious "sine wave" appearance when the plane of section crosses these vertical pleats. At postnatal day 5 the structure begins to disappear, and it is no longer visible by 7-8 days postnatal. This glial structure does not stain with antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein associated with fibrous astrocytes, or routine cell stains such as cresyl violet. With these techniques the raphe area appears essentially devoid of identifiable cellular elements.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Children with end-stage renal failure: psychological effects on patients, siblings and parents.

Thirty-two children diagnosed as suffering from renal failure, their parents and siblings were the subjects of this study. Anxiety, depression and psychosomatic complaints were examined in the parents and behaviour problems in the child and siblings using standardised tests. The personality characteristics (EPQ) of the child and the child's view of the family (modified family relations test) were also ascertained. Parents showed greater levels of anxiety and depression than a normal sample and more psychosomatic problems than a control group consisting of parents of children with other chronic physical conditions. Siblings and the sick child did not have more behaviour problems at school than a normal control group. Positive correlations were found between age on diagnosis of renal failure and fathers' depression and anxiety scores. Mothers' anxiety and depression scores were also positively correlated with those of father. Negative correlations were found between age on diagnosis of renal failure and lie scores on the EPQ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cytokeratin polypeptide patterns of different epithelia of the human male urogenital tract: immunofluorescence and gel electrophoretic studies.

Intermediate filament proteins of normal epithelia of the human and the bovine male urogenital tract and of certain human renal and bladder carcinomas have been studied by immunofluorescence microscopy and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal fractions from microdissected tissue samples. The patterns of expression of cytokeratin polypeptides differ in the various epithelia. Filaments of a cytokeratin nature have been identified in all true epithelial cells of the male urogenital tract, including renal tubules and rete testis. Simple epithelia of renal tubules and collecting ducts of kidney, as well as rete testis, express only cytokeratin polypeptides nos. 7, 8, 18, and 19. In contrast, the transitional epithelia of renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and proximal urethra contain, in addition to those polypeptides, cytokeratin no. 13 and small amounts of nos. 4 and 5. Most epithelia lining the human male reproductive tract, including those in the epididymis, ductus deferens, prostate gland, and seminal vesicle, synthesize cytokeratin no. 5 in addition to cytokeratins nos. 7, 8, 18, and 19 (cytokeratin no. 7 had not been detected in the prostate gland). Cytokeratin no. 17 has also been identified, but in very low amounts, in seminal vesicle and epididymis. The cytokeratin patterns of the urethra correspond to the gradual transition of the pseudostratified epithelium of the pars spongiosa (cytokeratins nos. 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, and 19) to the stratified squamous epithelium of the fossa navicularis (cytokeratins nos. 5, 6, 10/11, 13, 15, and 19, and minor amounts of nos. 1 and 14). The noncornified stratified squamous epithelium of the glans penis synthesizes cytokeratin nos. 1, 5, 6, 10/11, 13, 14, 15, and 19. In immunofluorescence microscopy, selective cytokeratin antibodies reveal differential staining of different groups or layers of cells in several epithelia that may relate to the specific expression of cytokeratin polypeptides. Human renal cell carcinomas show a simple cytokeratin pattern consisting of cytokeratins nos. 8, 18, and 19, whereas transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder reveal additional cytokeratins such as nos. 5, 7, 13, and 17 in various proportions. The results shows that the wide spectrum of histological differentiation of the diverse epithelia present in the male urogenital tract is accompanied by pronounced changes in the expression of cytokeratin polypeptides and suggest that tumors from different regions of the urogenital tract may be distinguished by their cytokeratin complements.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The fitting of contact lenses in aphakic infants.

Infants born with a unilateral congenital cataract have always been considered a particularly difficult group of patients to treat. Our experience in fitting contact lenses to such children, after cataract removal, is described. Contact lenses must be specially designed, to account for the significant differences in size and shape of the infant eye from that of an adult eye. A group of 15 children born with a unilateral cataract, were fit with contact lenses, and have been treated for amblyopia for an average of less than 2 years. Eight patients have obtained acuities measured by preferential looking that are statistically normal for age and equal between eyes. All children are presently still under active amblyopia treatment. This preliminary study shows that infants with a congenital unilateral cataract can be successfully treated.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1984

Speech pattern element stimulation in electrical hearing.

A sensation of hearing is provided for the otherwise totally deaf adult by the use of an electrode arrangement, placed external to the cochlea, which provides only larynx frequency speech pattern information. This is normally obtained by acoustic analysis and is presented so that, although its pattern is preserved, its physical form is matched to the patient's auditory capacity. Speech-receptive improvement has been shown using interactive synthetic speech techniques, video-recorded lipreading tests, and interactive conversational-type presentations. Speech production skills are also enhanced by self-monitoring, and examples of voice range improvement and jitter reduction are given. The particular electrode system used is especially suitable for promontory stimulation in adult patients without a tympanic membrane. The work as a whole is relevant, however, to the design of other conservative prostheses for both deaf adults and children.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1984

Acute tonsillitis in children: microbial pathogens in relation to age.

Tonsil swabs were collected from 248 children (1 through 10 yr) who presented with acute tonsillitis. A beta-hemolytic streptococcus was grown from 129 (53%) of 244 cases and as the sole pathogen from 83 (47%) of 178 cases. Beta-Hemolytic streptococci were especially common over the age of 6 yr (68% of children) relatively uncommon under the age of 4 yr (18%); most (90%) streptococci belonged to group A; 18 streptococcal T types were represented amongst 88 group A strains; the potentially nephritogenic serotypes 4 and 12 were prominent and accounted for 42 (47%) of typable isolates. Eight (8%) of 96 unmatched children (1 through 10 yr) who served as controls were found to be carrying beta-hemolytic streptococci, 5 of which belonged to group A. A virus was grown from 52 (29%) of 182 children and as the sole pathogen from 40 (22%) of 178 children. Only echoviruses (8 serotypes) and adenoviruses (5 serotypes) were common; younger children showed a higher isolation rate of viruses. The clinical picture in children yielding a virus was indistinguishable from that of cases who yielded a beta-hemolytic streptococcus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

CGA-72662--a new sheep blowfly insecticide.

The efficiency of 2-cyclopropylamino-4, 6-diamino-s-triazine CGA-72662 (proposed common name: cyromazine) for the control of blowfly strike was tested in fly cage and field trials on sheep. The safety to sheep and physico-chemical properties of the compound as they relate to blowfly control were also assessed. When the sheep were thoroughly jetted with a solution of CGA-72662 containing 1g of active ingredient per litre, the mean incidence of fly strike in 7 field trials was reduced from 16.5% to 1.5% over a period of 9 weeks. The incidence of strike in the treated sheep in 2 insectary tests, which imposed levels of fly activity far in excess of that usually encountered in the field, was reduced from 93% and 73% in untreated sheep to 2% and nil respectively over a period of 8 weeks. Jetting with CGA-72662 solutions 100 times greater than the recommended concentration did not produce any side effects in sheep. Three treatments at twice the recommended concentration during the first trimester did not affect pregnant ewes nor their progeny. The compound was safe to use in combination with common anthelmintics and with sheep dips used for control of lice. CGA-72662 was stable in solution. No stripping occurred in dips and it persisted on wool for a considerable period. A satisfactory alternative to the organophosphorus insecticides has been found in CGA-72662, since it provided a substantial increase in residual protection against blowfly strike with a high degree of safety.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Campylobacter as a cause of acute enteritis in children in South Australia. I. A 12-month study with controls.

During a 12-month period, we tested faecal samples from 386 children with acute enteritis and 332 controls by light and electron microscopy, and by bacterial and viral culture for pathogens, especially to assess the importance of campylobacter. Campylobacter alone was responsible for the illness in 17 patients (5%), and was second to salmonella among the bacterial agents, which were predominant in summer. Overall, rotavirus was the commonest identifiable cause of acute enteritis and was especially important in winter (with a rate of 49% in August). Thirty-five patients showed two or more agents. In 117 patients (30%) no pathogen was isolated or identified, suggesting that there are as yet unidentified agents in acute enteritis.

Acute Disease↗