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Biomedical subjects

B Jones

Publications and source records attributed to B Jones.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

handedness in engineering and psychology students.

Patterns of handedness were compared in engineering and psychology students using a questionnaire developed by Oldfield (1971). Engineering students are highly selected in terms of mathematico-spatial skills while psychology students are representative of typical undergraduate populations. In general the incidence of right- and left-handedness was according to expectation for the two groups. However, the engineering sample exhibited a significantly greater dextrality then the psychologists. Some implications of this finding were discussed.

Engineering↗
PubMed1980

Sex and handedness as factors in visual-field organization for a categorization task.

When right-handed males categorize faces presented in the right and left visual fields as male or female, a right visual-field advantage results. Subjects in the present study were divided on the basis of Annett's model according to sex and handedness, males and females, right-handers, nonfamilial left-handers, and familial left-handers. It was predicted that males would show a field advantage consistent with the cerebral hemisphere specialized for speech production (the left hemisphere in the case of right-handers and nonfamilial left-handers, and the right hemisphere in the case of familial left-handers). It was also predicted that females would be either weakly or inconsistently lateralized. A signal-detection paradigm in general confirmed these predictions. It was also shown that a subject's ability to change decisional criteria appropriately over trials was a function of visual field for both males and females. Decision making over time may therefore reveal a fundamental duality distinguishing the cerebral hemispheres in both sexes. Some of the implications of these results are discussed.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1980

Cancer in children of parents exposed to hydrocarbon-related industries and occupations.

Recent animal and human studies suggest that prenatal exposure to carcinogens may increase the risk of childhood malignancy. The Texas Childhood Cancer Study (1976-1977) was designed to test the hypothesis that parental exposure to hydrocarbon-related occupations or industries increases this risk. The study subjects, parents of children with and without cancer, were questioned about their job histories. Parents of 296 children with cancer were not exposed to hydrocarbon-related occupations or industries more often than the uncles and aunts of these children, the parents of neighborhood children, or the parents of 283 children without cancer. During the year before birth, odds ratios for fathers of children seen at a hematology clinic with cancer relative to the uncles of these children (0.93), the fathers of neighborhood children (1.33), and the fathers of children seen at the clinic without cancer (0.50) were not statistically significantly different from 1.00 (p greater than 0.05). This lack of association persisted for the year after birth, the year before diagnosis, and the interval from the year before birth to the year of diagnosis; for different diagnoses; for different ages at diagnosis; and for the industries and occupations of female as well as male parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Regional extravascular and interstitial lung water in normal dogs.

We measured the regional distribution of pulmonary extravascular and interstitial water to examine the possibility that regional differences in microvascular pressure or tissue stress may cause regional differences in lung water. We placed chloralose-anesthetized dogs in an upright (n = 6) or supine (n = 7) position for 180 min. We injected 51Cr-labeled EDTA to equilibrate to the extracellular space and 125I-labeled albumin to equilibrate with plasma. At the end of the experiment, the lungs were removed, passively drained of blood, and inflated before rapid freezing. Lungs were divided into horizontal slices, and extravascular, interstitial, and plasma water, red cell volume, and dry lung weight were determined for each slice. We found that regional extravascular and interstitial water were constant throughout the lungs in both groups and that there were no significant differences between upright and supine dogs. There were no significant differences in hematocrit between slices. We conclude that gravity and body position have no measurable effect on either the total size of the extravascular and interstitial compartments or their regional distribution.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Importance of adding neomycin to metronidazole for bowel preparation.

A prospective randomized trial has investigated whether it is necessary to add oral neomycin to oral metronidazole as a means of preventing sepsis in elective colonic resection. Seventy-three patients completed the study; 41 received metronidazole and placebo neomycin and 32 received metronidazole and active neomycin. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of wound infection in patients receiving neomycin and metronidazole (22%) compared with metronidazole alone (51%, P<0.02). There was also a significant reduction in anaerobic infections in the group receiving metronidazole and neomycin compared with metronidazole alone (P<0.05). These results indicate that oral metronidazole alone is of no benefit for patients requiring elective colonic operations and that if oral metronidazole is advised it should always be given in combination with oral neomycin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Distribution of small- and medium-sized molecules within the genital tract of artificially inseminated gilts.

Radiolabelled compounds of different molecular size were used as tracers mixed with seminal plasma to investigate whether seminal plasma enters the oviducts of inseminated gilts. The substances were 125I-labelled human serum albumin for 3 gilts, 131I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone plus 59Fe citrate in 2 gilts and 131I-labelled human serum albumin plus 59Fe citrate in 2 gilts. The gilts were slaughtered 1 h after insemination and the radioactivity was measured in 4 parts of the oviduct, 9 parts of the uterine horns, the body of the uterus and the cervix. Different quantities of the compounds used were found in all oviducts, but there was close agreement between the distributions of the two compounds in the genital tract after simultaneous insemination. There was a difference (60-80%) in total amount of recovered radioactivity between left and right uterine horns. It is concluded that all compounds used entered the oviducts regardless of their molecular sizes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Transuterine transport of small- and medium-sized molecules deposited in the uterus in gilts.

Radiolabelled compounds were mixed with seminal plasma and placed in the uterine lumen of anaesthetized gilts which were killed 5 min (N = 1) and 1 h (N = 2) later. After 1 h the distribution patterns of the 2 compounds placed in different horns were similar, indicating transuterine transport. Transuterine transport had begun by 5 min after deposition of seminal plasma. In all 3 gilts, the labelled substances had moved to the anterior segments of the oviduct.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Imaging the hepatobiliary system in acute disease.

Acute hepatobiliary diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, requiring a rapid, accurate approach to diagnostic imaging for prompt, effective therapy. At least a dozen techniques are now available to evaluate the hepatobiliary tract. These are reviewed in the context of a number of common emergency clinical situations and recommendations are made concerning the most expeditious and efficacious series of imaging tests in each situation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Regional neonatal transport: impact of an integrated community/center system.

In the face of increasing neonatal referrals from a large geographic region, community hospital resources was recruited and coordinated with regional center resources to facilitate "community-based" neonatal transport. All transport requests were first "triaged" by an attending neonatologist. Discriminant analysis was used to assess the impact of resource allocation decisions. Decisions regarding allocation of resources to an individual transport generally reflected geographic distance to be traveled, size of delivery service at referring hospital, and apparent degree of illness. Physicians participation in transports was reduced from 95% to 15% of the trips. The incorporation of community-based transport resources and nonphysician transport teams into a coordinated triage and transport process with existing center-based resources did not adversely affect neonatal survival. Capacity of the transport system was enhanced with these reallocations.

Alabama↗
PubMed1979

Double-blind trial of antihypertensive effect of chlorothiazide in severe renal failure.

A randomised double-blind crossover trial was done to assess the efficacy of chlorothiazide as an antihypertensive drug in patients with severe renal failure. There was a significant reduction in standing (mean drop 13/6 mm Hg) and supine (mean drop 13/5 mm Hg) blood-pressure, without postural hypotension. Chlorothiazide has a place in the management of hypertension in patients with severe renal failure and its antihypertensive effect is probably due to a change in peripheral vascular resistance and not to volume contraction.

Adult↗