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Biomedical subjects

B Jacotot

Publications and source records attributed to B Jacotot.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Cholesterol efflux from cultured skin fibroblasts in 12 patients clinically heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia.

The [3H]cholesterol efflux from cultured skin fibroblasts was investigated in 12 patients, clinically heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The [3H]cholesterol efflux from fibroblasts was studied in the presence of high-density lipoproteins, isolated either from control sera or from the patient's own serum. The [3H]cholesterol efflux from fibroblasts of 3 patients was increased; it was decreased for 4 patients and similar to that of control cells for 5 patients. This study indicates that in some patients with heterozygous FH, abnormalities of [3H]cholesterol efflux from fibroblasts can be detected. The heterogeneity of the results is consistent with the heterogeneity of the low-density lipoprotein receptor activity and with the variability of the clinical picture found in this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Influence of the fatty acid composition of high-density lipoprotein phospholipids on the cholesterol efflux from cultured fibroblasts.

The purpose of this work was to determine whether the changes induced by dietary manipulations in the chemical composition of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (particularly phospholipid fatty acid composition) modified their capacity to promote [3H]cholesterol efflux from cultured fibroblasts. Plasma HDL were obtained from subjects fed for six successive long periods on diets consisting of one predominant fat: peanut oil, corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil, low erucic acid rapeseed oil or milk fats. The [3H]cholesterol efflux from cells in the presence of plasma HDL was studied by means of normal adult human fibroblasts in culture. The [3H]cholesterol efflux from fibroblasts appeared to be independent of the overall composition of HDL and of the degree of saturation of the HDL phospholipid fatty acids, but it was correlated with the phospholipid fatty acid chain length. The [3H]cholesterol efflux from fibroblasts is highly and positively correlated with the sum of the HDL phospholipid C20, C22, C24 fatty acids, and negatively correlated with the sum of the HDL phospholipid C18 fatty acids.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of probucol on the composition and in vitro catabolism of LDL in type IIa hypercholesterolemia.

A possible mechanism of action of probucol on low density lipoprotein uptake was examined in 7 type IIa hypercholesterolemic subjects. Probucol administration effectively lowered plasma cholesterol. Both apo B-associated cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were decreased but a great inter-patient variability was noted. Plasma triglycerides were unchanged and phospholipids decreased. The composition of the isolated LDL was unaffected. The LDL displaceable activity of reference [125I]LDL measured by competition assays in control fibroblasts, was increased in 3 subjects, decreased in 1 subject and unchanged in the other 3. No correlation was found between the change in apo B-associated cholesterol and the change in the in vitro catabolism of LDL of treated patients. The results did not allow a simple mechanism of action to be ascribed to the drug, but questioned the origin of the hypercholesterolemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Tertatolol does not affect biochemical markers of atherosclerosis in normo- and hyperlipidemic hypertensive patients.

The effects of the beta-blocker tertatolol on plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in two groups of 10 normolipidemic (group I) and 10 hyperlipidemic (group II) hypertensive patients, for a period of 3 months. The efficacy of tertatolol was confirmed by a reduction in heart rate (HR), and in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, in the supine position and after 1 min in the upright position. Triglyceride (TG) levels were increased by treatment in both groups (+20% and +22%, respectively; p less than 0.05), as were VLDL levels (+16% and +24%, respectively) although the rise in the latter was not significant. There were no significant differences in levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL, or apoproteins A and A1 (APO A, APO A1). Total cholesterol (TC) levels were increased by treatment in group I (+10%; p = 0.050) and decreased in group II (-9%, not significant), LDL-C being the principal fraction involved in these changes. There were no significant differences in levels of APO B. The ratio between TC and HDL-C levels remained unchanged. Given the current state of our knowledge concerning lipid markers for atherosclerosis, these results indicate that chronic administration of tertatolol may be considered devoid of 'atherogenic' effects.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Dietary modifications of low-density lipoprotein fatty acids in humans: their effect on low-density lipoprotein-fibroblast interactions.

The chemical composition and metabolism of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in a population of Benedictine nuns were studied after 5-month periods during which the predominant dietary fats were sunflower oil, fluid of palm, peanut oil, milk fats, low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) oil, corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil. The population was divided into three groups. The control group (C) included 12 subjects selected at random by taking 2 subjects per age pool among those with plasma cholesterol less than 230 mg/dl. Groups H1 and H2 were selected in the same way among those with plasma cholesterol less than 230 mg/dl. Groups H1 and H2 comprised 6 subjects and differed from each other in the amount of plasma cholesteryl esters, i.e., below and above the mean value of group C. Changes in LDL composition, according to the dietary fat, were associated with changes in LDL catabolism studied in fibroblast cultures, but no significant differences were found between the three groups.

Cell Communication↗
PubMed1985

Effects of different dietary intake of essential fatty acids on C20:3 omega 6 and C20:4 omega 6 serum levels in human adults.

Four diets which differed in fatty acid composition were provided for five months each to a group of 24 healthy nun volunteers. The diets contained 54% carbohydrates, 16% proteins and 30% lipids. One-third of the lipid part remained unchanged during the whole study, and two-thirds were modified during each period. For this latter portion, one of the following dietary fats was used: sunflower oil, peanut oil, low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) oil or milk fats. This procedure allowed an evaluation of the effects of various amounts of dietary linoleic acid (C18:2 omega 6) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 omega 3) on the serum level of their metabolites. A diet providing a large amount of linoleic acid (14% of the total caloric intake) resulted in low levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (C20:3 omega 6) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 omega 6) in serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. A diet providing a small amount of linoleic acid (0.6% to 1.3% of the total caloric intake) induced high levels of omega 6 fatty acid derivatives. Intermediate serum levels of C20:3 omega 6 and C20:4 omega 6 were found with a linoleic acid supply of about 6.5% of the total caloric intake. Serum levels of omega 6 metabolites were not different after two diets providing a similar supply of C18:2 omega 6 (4.5% to 6.5% of the total caloric intake), although in one of them the supply of C18:3 omega 3 was higher (1.5% for LEAR oil versus 0.13% for peanut oil).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The hypolipidemic action of probucol. Drug transport and lipoprotein composition in type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia.

In this study Probucol transport and the effect of the drug on lipoprotein composition in 9 cases of type IIa hypercholesterolemia were investigated. Probucol lowered plasma cholesterol by 20%, without affecting triglycerides. HDL cholesterol was decreased and a slight reduction in LDL cholesterol was noted. This was due to a reduction in the number of circulating lipoprotein particles, without modification in the lipid/protein ratio, mainly cholesterol/protein ratio. Probucol was almost entirely removed by lipoproteins; 75% of the drug was found in LDL, the remainder being equally distributed in VLDL and HDL. There was no correlation between the serum Probucol level, or the amount of Probucol bound to lipoproteins, and the decrease in serum or lipoprotein cholesterol. However, there was a significant increase of the EC/TC (esterified cholesterol/total cholesterol) ratio in VLDL and LDL, but not in HDL.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Dietary fats, lipoproteins and atherogenesis].

Important developments were recently observed concerning the relations between dietary fats, lipoproteins and atherogenesis. A better understanding of the metabolism of lipoproteins, mainly LDL and HDL, resulted in hypotheses on the role of dietary fatty acids in the development of atherosclerosis and ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Consecutive prospects in the field of the dietary prevention os ischemic cardiovascular disease begin to appear more clearly.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of several alimentary fats on serum lipids during long-term stabilized diets.

The intake of a stable diet during 25 months by 68 women living in a closed religious community allowed us to study the effects of various alimentary fats on the serum lipids. Thus we could observe the consequences of the quantitatively and qualitatively different fatty acids in the diet, while the total quantity of lipids and the other constituents of the dietary intake were unaltered. The serum total cholesterol and apoprotein B levels are correlated with the P/S ratio of the diet; on the contrary, the serum HDL cholesterol and apoprotein A levels are not correlated with the fatty acid composition of the diet. The moderate supply in lipids (30% of the total caloric intake) and cholesterol (300 mg/day) maintained during this study corresponds to the usual dietary recommendations. Therefore, not very high levels of serum total cholesterol were observed, whichever vegetable oil was consumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Diabetes mellitus in sand rats (Psammomys obesus). Metabolic pattern during development of the diabetic syndrome.

It has been reported that sand rats, naturally feeding on low-caloric-value plants containing a high concentration of salt, become obese and develop hyperglycemia when fed on a standard laboratory diet. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of a synthetic-chow diet on the metabolic pattern of the diabetic syndrome in a large group of sand rats. While a few animals had a fulminant reaction with markedly decreased glucose tolerance, low plasma insulin levels, and death within 3-4 wk, most sand rats developed obesity and elevated plasma insulin levels. From the third month and forward, 40% of sand rats presented with a diabetic syndrome with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, markedly decreased glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. This diabetic syndrome can be compared with maturity-onset (type II) diabetes. When this synthetic-chow diet was given for more than 6 mo, the majority of animals lost considerable weight and showed a major depletion of fat stores. Serum immunoreactive insulin levels fell, while blood glucose rose to above 500 mg/dl with glycosuria and ketonuria. The elevated triglyceride content of plasma and the lipid deposits in the liver were greatly augmented, and no glycogen was present. Animals developed frank insulin-dependent diabetes, and diabetic animals not treated with insulin died in diabetic coma with presumed ketoacidosis. The disease was essentially confined to sand rats showing abnormal glucose tolerance, even before eating laboratory chow. This observation suggests a genetic factor. Thus, the sand rat appears to be a potentially interesting model for investigation of both maturity-onset and insulin-dependent diabetes.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1984

[Trial of onager oil in the treatment of schizophrenia in connection with the prostaglandin deficiency hypothesis].

Ten schizophrenic patients were treated with onager oil. It was hypothesized that E1 prostaglandin deficiency underlies the different biological disorders of schizophrenia. The clinical and biological results were disappointing. However the fact that the patients had been severely ill for a long time might have to be taken into account. Moreover, the blood level of gamma-linolenic acid was normal, at the start, in all the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Modification in the composition and metabolic properties of human low density and high density lipoproteins by different dietary fats.

The chemical composition and metabolism of lipoproteins in a population of Benedictine nuns were studied after 5-month periods during which the predominant dietary fats were sunflower oil, peanut oil, palm oil, or milk fats (butter and cream). The population was divided into three groups. The control group (C) included twelve subjects selected at random by taking two subjects per age pool among those with plasma cholesterol less than 230 mg/dl. Groups H1 and H2 were selected at random in the same way, among those with plasma cholesterol greater than 230 mg/dl. Each group comprised six subjects and differed from each other in the amount of plasma cholesteryl esters, i.e., below and above the mean value of group C, for H1 and H2, respectively. Changes in the degree of saturation of the predominant fat of the diet were associated with changes in both the chemical composition of lipoproteins and their cellular metabolism studied in fibroblast cultures. No significant difference between the normocholesterolemic subjects of group C and the "high risk" subjects of groups H1 and H2 was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Atherosclerosis: basic mechanisms].

The evolution of atheromatous lesions is characterized by its slowness, over on several years, for a long time wholly silent, and by the menace of complications which happened brutally, generally threatening lately the functional and vital prognosis. These complications are: reduction of arterial lumen with its hemodynamic consequences, thromboses, embolisms, and more rarely arterial aneurysms. Atherosclerotic lesions have been known for a long time and well described from the macroscopic and histologic points of view. Likewise, the chemical composition of the arterial components at the different steps of the disease is now known. On the contrary many mysteries still remain concerning the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and more and more we tend to think that the causes of the disease are numerous and that they start a number of common mechanisms which begin to be best known.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1983

[Leg aneurysm complicating bacterial endocarditis. 2 cases].

Arterial aneurysms constitute a classical, albeit rare (1.1%) complication of bacterial endocarditis; they uncommonly involve the arteries of the legs (6.6%). Two cases successfully treated are reported. In both cases the initial diagnosis was phlebitis, which emphasizes the difficulty of diagnosing the disease at an early stage and the need for additional investigations, notably computerized tomography. Surgery is usually required.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Atherosclerosis: fundamental mechanisms].

The evolution of atheromatous lesions is characterized by its slowness, deplayed on several years, for a long time wholly silent, and by the menace of complications which happened brutally, generally threatening lately the functional and vital prognosis. These complications are: the reduction of the arterial lumen with its hemodynamic consequences, thromboses, embolisms, and more rarely arterial aneurysms. Atherosclerotic lesions are known since a long time and well described from the macro scopic and histologic points of view. Samely the chemical composition of the arterial components at the different steps of the disease is now known. On the contrary many mysteries still remain concerning the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and more and more we tend to think that the causes of the disease are numerous and that they start a number of common mechanisms which begin to be best known.

Arteriosclerosis↗