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Biomedical subjects

B Jacotot

Publications and source records attributed to B Jacotot.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Nicotine gum and lipid profile].

Smoking promotes for atherosclerosis by several mechanisms and particularly its actions on lipid metabolism; nicotine liability is well established. In one patient the use of nicotine-gum was reported to increase total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. We studied lipid modifications in 14 voluntary students, heavy smokers (greater than 20 cigarettes/day) and nicotine dependent (Fagerström test; score greater than 7). They gave up smoking and received in double blind study either 2 mg nicotine-gum, or placebo-gum (8-12 gums a day for one month). Total and HDL cholesterol (chol.), triglycerides (TG) were measured at day 0, day 30 and day 60. Giving up smoking was ascertained by CO-analyser. At day 30 total chol and TG were unmodified, and HDL chol appeared slightly increased. At day 60 HDL and LDL chol were significantly improved. So in nicotine-dependent smokers, by giving up smoking and receiving 2 mg nicotine-gum, lipid patterns are not worsened but improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of simvastatin on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins (A1 and B). 24 cases of major primary hypercholesterolemia].

We studied the effects of simvastatin (MK 733), a new competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, alone and in combination with a bile acid sequestrant, cholestyramine, on serum levels of lipoproteins and apoproteins A1 and B, in 24 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. After simvastatin treatment (40 mg/day) alone for 12 weeks, serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 31 and 36 percent respectively. With the addition of cholestyramine, there was a 41 per cent total decrease in serum cholesterol from the control value and a 50 percent decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol. After cholestyramine treatment alone for 12 weeks, serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 20 percent and 29 percent respectively. With the addition of simvastatin (20 mg per day), there was a 32 percent total decrease in serum cholesterol from the control value and a 43 percent decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol. High density lipoprotein cholesterol remained unchanged. No major adverse effect was observed. If long term safety can be confirmed, the simvastatin-cholestyramine regimen may prove useful in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Seasonal variations of serum lipids and apoproteins.

Seasonal variations of blood lipids, which must be considered when performing long-term studies, could be partially due to dietary changes. In the present study, serum lipid parameters were measured each month for 1 year in nuns living in a monastery, whose diet was perfectly regular and controlled. The serum lipid variations observed consisted mainly of an increase in total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B in autumn and spring and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in winter, whereas apolipoproteins A-I and A-II showed a marked increase in summer and at the beginning of autumn. These variations were probably induced by factors directly related to seasonal rhythm and not to dietary factors or physical exercise. Lastly, the influence of sex hormones seems to be very minor, as postmenopausal women (one-third of the persons) had an identical variation in their lipid parameters, to that observed in the whole group.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Dietary fats and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in healthy humans.

We analyzed the effects of different types of dietary fat on the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in 20 healthy women aged 26-49 years, consuming 6-week diets containing 54% of the calories as carbohydrates, 16% as protein and 30% as fat. The tested fats were successively: low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR oil), sunflower oil, peanut oil and milk fats (butter and cream). The fractional and molar rates of LCAT were higher after sunflower and peanut oil diets and decreased significantly after LEAR oil and milk fat diets. The LCAT activity was independent of the P/S ratio of the diet, but positively correlated with the percentage of linoleic acid in serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters, and negatively correlated with the percentage of oleic acid in the same fractions. Our results showed no relation between LCAT activity and the concentration of plasma cholesterol or triglycerides, no change in serum cholesteryl ester/total cholesterol ratio and confirmed that the distribution of high density lipoprotein subfractions is due to prerequisites other than LCAT.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in 3 cases of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia treated by LDL apheresis on dextran sulfate-cellulose columns].

Three patients with heterozygote type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia were treated by specific LDL apheresis with a dextran sulfate-cellulose column every two weeks. Each apheresis resulted in a fall in total cholesterolemia of about 50 p. 100 with a parallel fall in apoprotein B. The average drop of 15 p. 100 in HDL-cholesterol appeared to be due to the hemodilution induced at the end of apheresis. After two months, cholesterol and apoprotein B concentrations before removal were 15 p. 100 lower than baseline values. Treatment was well tolerated. These findings appear encouraging for the treatment of heterozygote forms of familial hyperlipoproteinemia resistant to chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Influence of environmental medium on fatty acid composition of human cells: leukocytes and fibroblasts.

Fibroblasts in culture and leukocytes have been widely used to study fatty acid and lipoprotein cellular metabolism. The present investigations were designed to study the role of nutritional and environmental factors on lipid metabolism in these two types of cells. Leukocytes freshly isolated from human blood and fibroblasts cultured in media enriched in human serum (HS) have relatively similar fatty acid distributions. However, more important differences are observed in fibroblasts cultured in media enriched with HS or with fetal bovine serum (FBS). It is obvious that the quantity and quality of fatty acids are very different in FBS and HS, but intracellular regulation ensures relative homogeneity of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the cells, particularly in phospholipids. The first modifications induced by different media (FBS or HS) are detected on cellular growth; the differences seem to be due more to the fatty acid (FA) quantitative supply than to the FA quality of each culture medium. The major modifications in FA composition induced by different culture media concern the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of phospholipids, especially the n-6 family. The intracellular linoleic acid level depends on the level in the medium, but intracellular n-6 metabolite levels depend both on the level in the medium and on the growth state of the cells. The n-3 family seems to be less affected by the quality of the medium in our experiment, and the cells maintain a stable docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) level. A higher content of the n-3 family in the medium induces a higher level of eicosa- or docosapentaenoic acid, rather than docosahexaenoic acid itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Experimental pharmacological study of moroxybrate, a hypolipidaemic, antithrombotic, antiatheromatous agent.

Moroxybrate, a drug obtained by the reaction of clofibric acid with moroxydine, a biguanide with practically no effect on carbohydrate metabolism, has been examined for its effects on blood lipids, fibrinogen, in-vitro platelet aggregation, and also on experimental atherosclerotic lesions obtained by feeding the rabbits a diet containing 1% cholesterol. At the same dose, moroxybrate has an effect at least equal to those of clofibrate and moroxydine alone, on the lipidic parameters and haemostasis in rat and rabbit. The combination of these actions together with an effect on the prevention of experimental atherosclerosis lesions in the rabbit suggests moroxybrate should be examined for its effects in ischaemic cardiovascular disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Standard values for serum esterified fatty acids in adult women in good health].

Serum was obtained from two groups of 23 healthy female volunteers to determine the standard values of esterified fatty acids (EFA) contained in phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol. One group consumed an 'optimal' diet in regard to lipid and caloric content, under strictly controlled conditions, the other a free diet. All lipid fractions in serum from both groups were in the physiologic range so that the levels of EFA could be expected to be in the normal range. These data are comparable to those obtained from other series but they differ strongly from values established among the Eskimos, who have very low serum levels of arachidonic acid due to their traditional diet and probably to genetic factors. Determination of the standard values of EFA in healthy caucasian women may contribute to a better assessment of role of the therapeutic intervention on lipid parameters considered as atherogenic risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Role of non-pharmacological treatment in the prevention of atherosclerosis].

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial lesion, and any attempt to prevent or reduce its development must take into account the different known factors of the disease. Each of these factors (dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, tobacco smoking, diabetes, excess weight) requires particular measures among which non-pharmacological therapy always plays an important part irrespective of the risk factors involved. Until recent years, there was widespread doubt about the need to modify life style, diet and physical activity to prevent ischemic diseases. From the evidence which now begins to accumulate, mainly due to epidemiology, a number of measures, with or without drugs, may be recommended. The criteria required to select the subjects concerned by such measures remain to be defined.

Arteriosclerosis↗