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Biomedical subjects

B F Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to B F Hansen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Caries prevalence of 35-year-old Oslo citizens in 1973 and 1984.

DMF teeth and surfaces were recorded in a random sample of 35-yr-old Oslo citizens (born 1949). The index values were related to selected independent variables: sex, years at school, oral hygiene status (OHI-S), periodontal conditions (PI), use of interdental cleaning devices and dental visiting habits. Data from the present investigation were analysed together with data from a similar study on 35-yr-olds in 1973 in order to detect possible changes over time. The mean DMFS-score in the present investigation was 85, indicating a high caries experience, mainly due to a high F-component. A statistically significant increase in the number of decayed surfaces was demonstrated concomitant with an increase in PI- and OHI-S scores. There were more carious surfaces among irregular dental visitors than among the regular visitors. No statistically significant differences in DMF-scores from 1973 to 1984 were detected, but there was a statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of untreated caries during this period. Furthermore, an increase in the number of filled surfaces from 1973 to 1984 and a reduction in the number of missing surfaces were registered. This may indicate a tendency towards restoring instead of extracting carious teeth during the last decade.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cross-sectional clinical study of quality of amalgam restorations, oral health and prevalence of recurrent caries.

The purpose of the present cross-sectional clinical study was to evaluate the relationship between recurrent caries prevalence, quality of class II amalgam restorations and various oral health parameters. One hundred and forty-four randomly selected 35-yr-old citizens of Oslo were included in the investigation. Caries was scored based on a combined clinical and radiographic examination according to the DMFS index system. Oral hygiene (OHI-S) and periodontal index (PI) were registered, and the quality of class II amalgam restorations was ranked according to a set of occlusal index pictures. A total of 1694 class II amalgam restorations were included and 93 (5.5%) of these were affected by recurrent caries. A statistically significant correlation was found between prevalence of recurrent caries and poor oral hygiene, high PI-scores and prevalence of primary caries. However, a severe deterioration of the quality of amalgam restorations had to be present before a concomitant increase in recurrent caries prevalence could be registered. The present results indicate that measures improving the oral health may be of major importance in preventing recurrent caries and thereby increase the durability of amalgam restorations.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Periodontal bone loss in 15-year-old Norwegians.

The prevalence of marginal bone loss was determined on bite-wing radiographs in 2,409 15-year-old schoolchildren living in the country of Buskerud, Norway. Radiographs were collected from all dentists in the area participating in the Public Dental Service. A distance exceeding 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest was recorded as bone loss. Bone loss around one or more teeth was found in 11.3% of the subjects. More males than females were affected, with prevalences of 13.7 and 9.0%, respectively. Most of the lesions were observed adjacent to the maxillary first molars. Overt infrabony pockets were found in only a very few cases (0.5%). A clinical examination of 31 of the subjects could not distinguish those with and those without bone loss. The present study has demonstrated that alveolar bone loss is a common finding in 15-year-old school children. It is concluded that bite-wing roentgenograms may be useful in the detection of early bone lesions in young individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Coronary artery disease in major and minor epicardial vessels in fatal ischaemic cardiopathy. A pathoanatomic study.

Prevalence, degree and location of significant coronary artery disease (CAD), defined as at least 75% stenosis of arterial lumen, were investigated in major and in minor epicardial coronary arteries in a consecutive series of 48 autopsies on patients with acute left ventricular infarction (LV-AMI). Epicardial coronary arteries were cross-sectioned throughout their length and extensive microscopy of all segments was performed. CAD of at least one major artery was found in 92% of the series, and CAD of at least two major arteries was significantly more common in subendocardial than in transmural LV-AMI. CAD was found to be widespread, involving both proximal and distal parts of major arteries. CAD was found in 13 to 52% of the minor arteries. Ramus diagonalis from the left anterior descendent artery differed from the other minor arteries in that prevalence, degree and multiplicity of CAD in that vessel were similar to the pattern in the three major arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Myocardial infarct size and cardiogenic shock.

The relationship between estimated infarct size and cardiogenic shock was investigated in 317 consecutively admitted patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Infarct size was estimated in vivo by serum CK-MB in all patients, and at heart autopsy by histological and histochemical techniques in 23 patients who died in hospital. Although patients with cardiogenic shock (n = 31) had a larger median serum CK-MB estimated infarct size than those without cardiogenic shock (1035 U/l v. 669 U/l, P less than 0.05) there was a substantial overlap in infarct size between the two groups. Heart autopsy confirmed this finding and demonstrated that patients with small subendocardial infarcts also died from shock, especially those with severe 2 or 3 vessel disease and/or infarction fibrosis. Those with cardiogenic shock who survived and those who died from shock had a similar median infarct size, and patients who died from other cardiac causes had the same median infarct size as those who died from shock.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Errors on dental bitewing radiographs.

The prevalence of common errors on posterior bitewing radiographs was assessed on 2409 pairs of films collected from different public dental clinics in the county of Buskerud, Norway. Only 4.6% fulfilled the criteria for correct bitewing radiographs. Incorrect position of the film was found in 42.7%. Exposures with wrong horizontal angulation of the central beam constituted 10.6%, and under/overaxial exposures 2.2%, of the sample. Cone cutting occurred in 4.3%. Disturbing spots were found on most of the films (88.1%); 7.7% of the films had been insufficiently washed. Other errors due to wrong darkroom procedures or equipment failures were more rarely observed. The present study has shown that unnecessary errors, reducing the readability of bitewing radiographs, are frequently found. Steps should be taken to improve the standard of the radiographs used for diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Eosinophilia and myocardial ischemia secondary to polyarteritis. A discussion of pathogenesis on the basis of a case history.

The importance of eosinophilia in patients with severe polyarteritis causing myocardial ischaemia is discussed in connection with a case history. A 20 year old man complaining of recurrent episodes of dyspnoea was found to have a very high eosinophil count, and no allergy as assessed by prick test, RAST and histamine liberation test. The eosinophilia responded to steroid treatment. The patient died 2 years later, at which time his eosinophilia had recurred, of heart failure, with pericardial and pleural effusions and a congested liver. Post-mortem examination showed severe ischaemic changes in the myocardium and chronic inflammatory changes in the small branches of the coronary arteries. The pathologic diagnosis was polyarteritis (in some degree of remission) confined to the heart. Since the clinical and electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia and cardiomyopathy in patients with polyarteritis and/or eosinophilia can be difficult, other non-invasive investigations are indicated when there is a suspicion that the heart may be affected. Echocardiography, and possibly endomyocardial biopsy may be used at an early stage to assess the response to immunosuppressive treatment. Prophylactic treatment of any associated clotting disorder should be considered. The aetiology and pathogenesis of polyarteritis is unknown, but endothelial damage caused by eosinophilia early in the disease process may be important. Adequate treatment should therefore be given in order to reduce the eosinophil count and a close follow-up is essential in order to diagnose a relapse of the eosinophilia early and thereby possibly prevent fatal cardiac complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Estimation of acute myocardial infarct size in man by serum CK-MB measurements.

This study was performed to determine the relationship between myocardial infarct size estimated by serum CK-MB methods and the extent of irreversible injury in acute myocardial infarction. In 321 consecutive patients, infarct size was estimated by different mathematical models, and in 22 patients who died in hospital, the extent of myocardial necrosis was determined by autopsy. We also investigated the depletion of CK-MB in infarcted tissue, the recovery of CK-MB in the plasma volume, and the estimation of CK-MB from plasma. Myocardial CK-MB depletion was relatively greater in the larger infarcts, whereas the recovery of enzyme in plasma was independent of the infarct size. Correction of serum CK-MB for changes in plasma volume improved the estimate significantly (p less than 0.05). The correlation between the measured infarct size (g) and the estimated infarct size (units per liter and gram-equivalents) was highly significant (r = 0.85--0.89, SEE = 23--27%, p less than 0.001). Thus, a semiquantitative expression of the extent of myocardial necrosis can be determined in vivo.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Myocardial covering on epicardial coronary arteries. Prevalence, localization and significance.

Epicardial coronary arteries are on occasion covered by myocardial musculature (mural stretches). Premural segments of the left anterior descendent artery, and only of this artery, seem to be sites of predilection for arteriosclerotic stenosis and for coronary thrombosis. The myocardial covering can be demonstrated angiographically as a "milking effect" and surgical correction consisting of myotomy has recently proved successful.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Myocardial preservation during anoxic arrest. Experimental model ventricular fibrillation.

An experimental model with anaesthetized healthy mongrel dogs on extracorporeal circulation is described. Anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass are the same as used in clinical practice. Various methods of myocardial preservation were investigated and their protective effect was judged by cardiac performance after termination of 60 min of anoxic arrest. In this study, the first part of an experimental series, electrically-induced fibrillation during 60 min of normothermic and local hypothermic anoxic arrest was investigated. In group I, the hearts were fibrillated immediately after cross-clamping. In group II, which served as controls, the hearts were allowed to fibrillate spontaneously after aortic cross-clamping. All the hearts in group I went into an ischaemic contracture, whereas those in group II showed a 50% recovery, but with a strongly reduced cardiac performance after termination of anoxic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass. Measurements of myocardial surface pH demonstrated a rapidly developed acidosis during the period of anoxic arrest. The most impressive finding by light microscopy was pronounced myocardial oedema. External cooling by 4 degrees C glucose 5.5% continuously flushed into the pericardial sac in combination with electrically-induced fibrillation proved to be ineffective as a protective method. None of the eight dogs in this group survived. External cooling combined with intraventricular injection of 4 degrees C glucose 5.5% seemed to protect the hearts against ischaemic damage, insofar that all six hearts in this group were able to take over the circulation after declamping. The working capacity was, however, impaired and a relatively long period of mechanical support and stimulation with inotropic drugs was necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ischaemic heart disease. Pato-anatomic findings revealed by comprehensive autopsy technique.

Pato-anatomic findings in epicardial coronary vessels, myocardium and supraventricular parts of the conducting system were investigated by a comprehensive autopsy-technique (17) in a consecutive series of 63 patients dying from ischaemic heart disease. Two thirds of left ventricular acute myocardial infarctions (LV-AMI's) were transmural and one third was sub-endocardial. Coronary thrombosis was seen more often in transmural than in sub-endocardial LV-AMI (p less than 0,05) whereas severe arteriosclerotic stenosis (greater than or equal to 75%) of a least two major arteries was seen more often in sub-endocardial than in transmural LV-AMI (p less than 0,05). Minor epicardial arteries showed stenosis greater than or equal to 75% in about one fifth of LV-AMI's, but ramus diagonalis from the left anterior descendent artery differed from other minor arteries and was diseased to the same extent as major arteries. Pre-mural stretches of coronary arteries seemed to be sites of predilection for thrombosis and arteriosclerotic stenosis. Myocardial rupture was only seen in hearts with thrombotic transmural LV-AMI's and with no signs of previous LV-AMI. Thrombosis of epicardial coronary veins was present in all cases of valvular heart disease furthermore in large transmural LV-AMI's. Prevalence of infarction fibrosis was higher (p less than 0,05) and post-attack survival time was shorter (p less than 0,02) in sub-endocardial than in transmural LV-AMI's. Morfologic injury to supraventricular parts of the conducting system was seldom demonstrated in cases with conducting disturbances. A clinical diagnosis of definite and probable AMI was at autopsy verified in 95% and 67% respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acute myocardial infarct size estimated by serum CK-MB determinations: clinical accuracy and prognostic relevance utilizing a practical modification of the isoenzyme approach.

The clinical reliability and relevance of a practical enzymatic method to estimate infarct size (IS) were evaluated in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The technique utilized was that of relatively few sequential determinations of serum heart specific isoenzyme CK-MB, as corroborated by studies of numerous CK-MB measurements. Isoenzyme IS was determined in 321 consecutively admitted patients with AMI. Autopsies were performed in 22 of the 43 decedents for quantification of myocardial necrosis by histochemical and histologic techniques. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.83 p less than 0.001, SEE = 28%) was observed between IS values calculated from serum CK-MB and IS defined by necropsy examination. The CK-MB median IS was significantly increased in decedents compared to survivors (p less than 0.005), with IS ranges having substantial overlap between the two groups. The present study demonstrates that a practical and reliable estimation of IS in vivo is obtainable by serum CK-MB. While such estimated IS is of relatively moderate value for predicting in-hospital prognosis in single patients, the isoenzyme method appears particularly well suited for clinical evaluation of potentially beneficial interventions anticipated to limit myocardial necrosis in groups of AMI patients.

Acute Disease↗