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Biomedical subjects

B F Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to B F Hansen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pathology of the heart in AIDS. A study of 60 consecutive autopsies.

Cardiac disease and cardiac death in AIDS patients is seldom reported. In recent years minor cardiac abnormalities have been demonstrated, especially by echocardiography. Cardiac pathology in AIDS patients is here reported from 60 consecutive autopsies where the heart was investigated either using single samples of ventricular myocardium (the first 21 cases) or by an examination of the whole heart (the last 39 cases). Myocarditis according to the Dallas criteria was seen in 25 of 60 cases (42%), and in seven of these cases a probable pathogen (Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, fungi) was demonstrated. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis was seen in 40 of 60 cases (67%) and is considered to be partly due to repair after myocyte necrosis/myocarditis. A myocardium thus weakened might not be able to meet an increase in functional demand, and in 15 of the 39 cases (38%) where an examination of the whole heart was performed, there was dilation and/or hypertrophy of the right ventricle. This is in agreement with our knowledge that the main diseases and main causes of death in AIDS patients are pulmonary. Survival time in AIDS is increasing due to ever improving symptomatic treatment, and the results of this study indicate that the prevalence of especially right-sided heart failure will increase.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Aspergillus fumigatus fungaemia and myocarditis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Necrotizing myocarditis due to Aspergillus fumigatus was a contributory cause of death in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and non-Hodgkin lymphoblastic malignant lymphoma of the Burkitt type. A transient remission of the lymphoma had been obtained by cytostatic treatment. A. fumigatus was isolated from blood two weeks before death, but myocarditis was not diagnosed until autopsy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Effects of glucose and insulin on development of impaired insulin action in muscle.

Rat hindquarters were perfused for 2 h with either 0, 5, or 25 mM glucose in combination with either 0, 50, or 20,000 microU insulin/ml, whereupon responsiveness of glucose uptake to 20,000 microU insulin/ml and 25 mM glucose was measured. Perfusion with 25 mM glucose and 20,000 microU insulin/ml resulted in an initial glucose uptake of 43.6 +/- 3.9 mumol.g-1.h-1, which decreased to 18.7 +/- 1.6 mumol.g-1.h-1 after 2 h (P less than 0.001). Omission of glucose from the perfusate prevented the decrease in responsiveness, whereas 5 mM glucose caused a lesser decrease (to 28.3 +/- 2.2 mumol.g-1.h-1). At 0 and 50 microU insulin/ml the effects of glucose were present but were less pronounced. The decrease in insulin responsiveness of glucose uptake (55%) was accompanied by a lesser decrease (29%) in muscle glucose transport, whereas glucose transport in muscle membrane vesicles, muscle insulin binding, and insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity were unchanged. Muscle glycogen synthase activity decreased (P less than 0.005) during perfusion with 25 mM glucose and 20,000 microU insulin/ml but did not decrease during perfusion with no glucose and 20,000 microU insulin/ml. It is concluded that insulin responsiveness of glucose uptake in muscle is decreased by exposure to glucose in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory effect of glucose is enhanced by simultaneous insulin exposure. The mechanism behind this insulin resistance could partly be explained by a decrease in muscle membrane glucose transport, possibly caused by changes in intracellular milieu.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Factors of importance for changes in dental caries among adults. A follow-up study of Oslo citizens from the age of 35 to 50 years.

Eighty-one 35-year-old Oslo citizens examined in 1973 were reexamined after 15 years, to monitor changes in their caries situation expressed as carious surfaces (DS + DFS). Factors considered to be of importance for a change in the number of carious surfaces over this 15-year period were arranged under four items: environment, behavior, human biology, and health care organization. The results showed a slight but not statistically significant increase in the overall caries experience expressed as DMFS. A statistically significant reduction in DS + DFS from the age of 35 to 50 years was demonstrated. Despite this reduction 23% of the 50-year-olds had more carious surfaces than at age 35. The results indicate that the improvement in the number of untreated carious surfaces reported from many Western societies is also valid for adult Norwegians. However, this improvement is not shared by all. Multivariate analyses showed that behavioral factors had the greatest impact on the observed changes in dental health.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Observer homogeneity in the histologic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. Latent class analysis, kappa coefficient, and repeat frequency.

Four pathologists independently examined 82 antral mucosal biopsy specimens for the presence of Helicobacter pylori and indicated whether their assessments were certain. The pathologists made a positive diagnosis in from 56% to 84% of the specimens (significant heterogeneity, p < 0.01). The frequency of uncertain diagnoses was from 4% to 20% (p < 0.01). Uncertain statements occurred more frequently among negative than among positive diagnoses. For the six pairs of observers the kappa coefficients were between 0.39 and 0.82. By a latent class analysis measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated comparing the observers' assessments with an estimated consensus diagnosis. The predictive values of a positive diagnosis ranged from 0.70 to 1.00. By calculation of repeat frequencies--that is, the probability that an observer's statement was confirmed by another observer--it became evident that uncertain statements were less frequently (61%) confirmed than were certain ones (85%). It is concluded that observer homogeneity is only moderate with regard to the histologic diagnosis of H. pylori, which should be considered both in daily clinical routine and in scientific studies. Disagreement between observers was associated with negative diagnoses, presumably because the pathologists felt more uncertain in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Hormone replacement therapy prevents coronary artery disease in ovariectomized cholesterol-fed rabbits.

The prevention of coronary artery disease in women is of considerable importance. We have therefore investigated the influence of oestrogen monotherapy and oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy on coronary artery disease using a simple morphometric method. We studied sixty-three cholesterol-fed rabbits for nineteen weeks. They were randomized to either ovariectomy (51 rabbits) or a sham operation (12 rabbits). The ovariectomized rabbits were randomized to receive either 17 beta-estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate, 17 beta-estradiol plus levonorgestrel, or placebo. The rabbits with the sham operation received placebo. The hormone therapies reduced the development of coronary artery disease compared to placebo (p less than 0.0001). Furthermore, the coronary artery disease was attended by atherosclerosis in the more distal parts of the coronary arteries (p less than 0.0001), the thoracic aorta (p less than 0.0001) and the abdominal aorta (p less than 0.0001), and by a reduced relative heart weight (p less than 0.05). We conclude that coronary atherosclerosis can be determined quantitatively by morphometry in rabbit arteries. Estradiol monotherapy reduces coronary atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits and the addition of norethisterone acetate or levonorgestrel does not attenuate this beneficial effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hydatidiform mole and fetus with normal karyotype: support of a separate entity.

Repetitive hydatidiform mole was observed in four pregnancies. The pregnancies presented with heavy bleeding and vomiting, but the post-evacuation courses were uncomplicated, with rapid regression of serum hCG levels. Cytogenetic investigations, analyses of restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and flow cytometry in three pregnancies were consistent with diploid, biparental conception as the origin of fetal tissue and molar and nonmolar villi. In one pregnancy, the analyses of cytogenetic markers suggested the coexistence of two different cell lines of dizygotic, biparental origin, whereas DNA analysis was consistent with a single conception. With incomplete genetic information, a hydatidiform mole with coexistent normal fetus is generally considered to result from dizygous twinning comprising an androgenetic complete mole and a normal conception. In the present gestations, the results based on several techniques applied on numerous samples from different tissues render this possibility unlikely. Some of the contradictions between histologic and cytogenetic classifications of hydatidiform mole may be explained by diploid, biparental partial mole, which seems to constitute a separate subgroup within hydatidiform mole. Following chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, continued pregnancy may be considered, depending on prenatal diagnosis including genetic marker analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Changes in periodontal disease indicators in 35-year-old Oslo citizens from 1973 to 1984.

Periodontal disease indicators were evaluated according to the periodontal treatment need system (PTNS) in random samples of 35-year-old citizens of Oslo in 1973 and 1984. The study indicated that although periodontal disease was a common finding in both samples, there was a significant reduction in score C (indicating need for complex periodontal treatment) in 1984 compared to 1973. Whereas 37.9% of the subjects showed inflamed pockets deeper than 5 mm (score C) in 1973, only 22.9% scored C in 1984 (non-Caucasians excluded). This reduction was most pronounced in females. The mean number of C-quadrants in subjects needing complex periodontal treatment was also reduced from 2.0 in 1973 to 1.7 in 1984. Further analyses of the 1984 sample showed that the mean number of C-quadrants was significantly lower in subjects with low OHI-S scores and in regular dental visitors, whereas sex, years at school, toothbrushing frequency, interdental cleaning habits, previous periodontal therapy, self-experienced need for treatment, health attitude or smoking habits, did not seem to influence the prevalence of score C.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Isolation of cardiac ventricular myocytes from newborn rats by use of fractional elutriation centrifugation.

Isolation of cardiac ventricular myocytes from newborn rats (0-4 days old) by use of elutriation centrifugation is described. By the use of fractional centrifugation, a homogeneous myocyte population with high purity was obtained without any further procedures, yielding about 10(6) myocytes/rat. When 48-hr monolayer cultures were established, the cells showed normal pulsatory contractions. A morphological evaluation of such cultures is given.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of oral radiographic findings among 35-year-old Oslo citizens in 1973 and 1984.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a variety of radiographically detectable conditions found on orthopantomograms of 141 individuals as a part of an oral health survey of 35-year-old Oslo citizens, born 1949. Radiographic findings were recorded and compared with those of a similar study made in 1973. The findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of marginal bone loss. The frequencies of endodontically treated teeth and teeth with apical radiolucencies were unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Glucose-induced insulin resistance of skeletal-muscle glucose transport and uptake.

The ability of glucose and insulin to modify insulin-stimulated glucose transport and uptake was investigated in perfused skeletal muscle. Here we report that perfusion of isolated rat hindlimbs for 5 h with 12 mM-glucose and 20,000 microunits of insulin/ml leads to marked, rapidly developing, impairment of insulin action on muscle glucose transport and uptake. Thus maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake at 12 mM-glucose decreased from 34.8 +/- 1.9 to 11.5 +/- 1.1 mumol/h per g (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 10) during 5 h perfusion. This decrease in glucose uptake was accompanied by a similar change in muscle glucose transport as measured by uptake of 3-O-[14C]-methylglucose. Simultaneously, muscle glycogen stores increased to 2-3.5 times initial values, depending on fibre type. Perfusion for 5 h in the presence of glucose but in the absence of insulin decreased subsequent insulin action on glucose uptake by 80% of the effect of glucose with insulin, but without an increase in muscle glycogen concentration. Perfusion for 5 h with insulin but without glucose, and with subsequent addition of glucose back to the perfusate, revealed glucose uptake and transport similar to initial values obtained in the presence of glucose and insulin. The data indicate that exposure to a moderately increased glucose concentration (12 mM) leads to rapidly developing resistance of skeletal-muscle glucose transport and uptake to maximal insulin stimulation. The effect of glucose is enhanced by simultaneous insulin exposure, whereas exposure for 5 h to insulin itself does not cause measurable resistance to maximal insulin stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Mechanisms limiting glycogen storage in muscle during prolonged insulin stimulation.

The extent to which muscle glycogen concentrations can be increased during exposure to maximal insulin concentrations and abundant glucose was investigated in the isolated perfused rat hindquarter preparation. Perfusion for 7 h in the presence of 20,000 microU/ml insulin and 11-13 mM glucose increased muscle glycogen concentrations to maximal values 2, 3, and 3.5 times above normal fed levels in fast-twitch white, slow-twitch red, and fast-twitch red fibers, respectively. Glucose uptake decreased (mean +/- SE) from 34.9 +/- 1.2 mumol.g-1.h-1 at 0 h to 7.5 +/- 0.7 after 7 h of perfusion. During the perfusion muscle glycogen synthase activity decreased and free intracellular glucose and glucose 6-phosphate increased indicating that glucose disposal was impaired. However, glucose transport as measured by the uptake of 3-O-[14C]methyl-D-glucose was also markedly decreased after 5 and 7 h of perfusion compared with initial values. Total muscle water concentration decreased during glycogen loading of the muscles. Mechanisms limiting glycogen storage under maximal insulin stimulation include impaired insulin-stimulated membrane transport of glucose as well as impaired intracellular glucose disposal.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Screening for Campylobacter pyloridis in patients with upper dyspepsia and the relation to inflammation of the human gastric antrum.

Campylobacter pyloridis, a recently detected microorganism, was isolated from gastric antral mucosa in 58% of 119 consecutive patients with upper dyspepsia. There was a highly significant correlation between the presence of Campylobacter pyloridis and antral inflammation and a close relation to prepyloric and duodenal ulcer. There was no significant correlation with the severity or type of inflammation. This microorganism, which seems to be as common in Denmark as in other parts of the world, is considered a possible cause of gastroduodenal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of increased serum creatine kinase as an indicator of irreversible myocardial damage in dogs.

To evaluate the relationship between creatine kinase (CK) elevation and irreversible myocardial damage, a coronary artery branch was occluded for periods of 5 to 40 min in ten dogs. In five other dogs the coronary vessel was occluded for 480 min, and five dogs underwent the same operative procedure but without occlusion of the artery. The serum CK was monitored for 8 hours postoperatively in all dogs. Elevation of the CK levels occurred in all groups, but the area under the time-enzyme activity curve showed no statistically significant difference between the group with 480-min occlusion, in which transmural myocardial infarction occurred in all dogs, and the group with temporary occlusion, in which no infarction could be histologically or histochemically demonstrated. Contrastingly, a statistically significant difference was found between the group with temporary occlusion and the control group with no occlusion. The results suggest that CK elevation is of no value as an indicator of irreversible myocardial damage during heart surgery that involves temporary myocardial ischaemia.

Animals↗