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Biomedical subjects

B Brandt

Publications and source records attributed to B Brandt.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Direct mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test in semen at follow-up after testicular biopsy of maldescended testes operated in puberty.

In thirty patients bilateral orchiopexy was performed in puberty. At the operation twenty-five patients underwent bilateral testicular biopsies, and five patients underwent unilateral biopsies only. In adulthood the semen was analysed for antisperm antibodies by the direct mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) IgG test. In none of the cases a positive direct MAR IgG test was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Histologic changes and silicone concentrations in human breast tissue surrounding silicone breast prostheses.

Using a previously developed method for quantitative measurements of silicone concentrations in breast tissue, material from 86 biopsies from 67 breasts in 55 patients who had silicone implants was examined. In the 49 breast with unruptured prostheses, there was a positive relation between the concentrations and inflammatory reactions, the only exception being the amount of plasma cells, which showed a negative relation. It is concluded that silicone prostheses provoke an inflammatory response not only because they act as foreign bodies, but also because of silicone seepage through intact membranes.

Breast↗
PubMed1990

[Appendicitis in pregnancy].

The incidence, symptoms, clinical and paraclinical findings, and complications of appendicitis during pregnancy is reviewed. The symptoms and signs do not differ from those in non-pregnant women with the disease. Uterine contractions may occur. The pregnancy ought not to divert the clinicians attention from the disease which is complicated by a considerable foetal mortality, premature labour and abortion. These complications are especially connected with perforated appendicitis. The perforation frequency is related to the delay prior to operation. Immediate appendectomy is recommended as soon as the disease is suspected, making use of prophylactic tocolytic therapy. Antibiotics should be administered according to the usual recommendations. Abdominal delivery should be reserved for obstetric indications only.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

[Computer stimulation of endoscopic resection of the prostate].

The number of urologists in need of training is increasing whereas the number of resections of the prostate is falling. Patients are less and less willing to have their procedure serve for young residents to learn the technique of endoscopic resection of the prostate. Despite teachings and videoendoscopy, this procedure remains difficult to learn. We decided to develop a simulator for endoscopic resection after having seen the remarkable model of endoscopic simulation developed by French gastroenterologists and presented at the computer science workshop of the AFU symposium. The hypercard program, the laservision disk, and the CD ROM project were elected as a good introduction to this challenging although not unsurmountable problem. We had to adequate our goals to the resources of French urologists: the Macintosh II is the most sophisticated affordable computer. Computerization of the televised images of the endoscopic procedure and formalization of the gestures of the operator are required. Conventional image synthesis programs for use with the Mac II are either very slow or very limited. Conventional simulation programs are highly mathematical. Computerized images take up considerable memory space and large capacity disks or optical disks are required. The urologic laservision to which we contributed in 1986 contains few endoscopic images of the prostate but served as a basis for devising a methodology. Object programming with hypercard and animated image programs for Macintosh computers will be the starting points for our project that will benefit from the significant advances announced by Apple concerning color image file maintenance.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1990

[The 4-stage continence-micturition cycle. The presentation of a urodynamic, diagnostic and therapeutic abacus].

The complexity of the mode of operation of the bladder and urinary sphincter has led to the development of a number of temporospatial physiologic models that divide the process of micturition into several stages in order to facilitate investigations. Ten years ago, the authors described a two-stage continence-micturition model intended to improve the accuracy of studies of urodynamic disorders and thus contribute to the development of more effective and more rational therapeutic solutions. A large number of diseases can affect the distal urinary tract and recent advances in neurophysiology [10] have made the selection of the appropriate therapy extremely complex. Consequently, the authors have developed a decision analysis system that simultaneously confronts diseases, urodynamic manifestations, risks for the patient, and the main therapeutic approaches available. In 1985, they increased the number of stages in their continence-micturition model from two the four. This four-stage model has provided satisfactory result when used with an abacus for modeling observed biologic phenomena. In addition to offering simulation exercises for teaching purposes, this abacus provides the means for studying the instantaneous urodynamic situation (correspondences between cycle time points, symptoms, and effects of treatments) and determining the effect of various medicosocial events on the course of the bladder and sphincter dysfunction. The authors hope this abacus will be an attractive aide to the understanding of the complex function of the distal urinary tract.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Silicone breast implants].

A brief review of the use of silicone breast implants, their structure, methods of implantation and complications is presented. Acute complications are rare, being mainly infection and hematoma. Long-term complications, on the contrary, are common, consisting mainly of capsular contracture around the prosthesis with subsequent pain and deformation of the breast. More rarely silicone granulomas form, and prosthesis rupture or herniation occurs. The importance of silicone leakage for these complications is discussed separately as well as the treatment of and prevention of capsular contracture and demonstration of silicone in tissue. A critical attitude towards the use of silicone breast implants, when these are used for purely cosmetic purposes, is recommended at present. New improved types of silicone breast implants are currently being tested clinically.

Breast↗
PubMed1989

[Gastroesophageal reflux in children. An overlooked disease].

In a material of 25 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER), 11 had cerebral damage, 15 had symptoms of oesophagitis and 18 had respiratory problems including here six cases of apnoea with cyanosis and bradycardia resembling near-miss sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Only two of the children recovered acceptably on conservative treatment and the remainder were submitted to operation. Operation had insufficient effect in 30%. Cerebral damage or atresia of the oesophagus were present in all of the patients in whom operation was without effect. All children with symptom-producing GER should first be submitted to conservative treatment for at least three months and operation should be offered in cases where this treatment fails. Children with chronic or recurrent respiratory symptoms without other explanation and all children with episodes of apnoea and near-miss SIDS should be examined for the presence of GER.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Obstructive conditions of the seminal vesicles].

A propos de 90 cases of excretory infertility the authors expose their concept of obstruction of the seminal ways. They detail the echographic patterns of 5 selected observations and they insist upon the interest of the echographic test of dynamic voiding of the seminal vesicles and upon the value of a complementary test (provoked voiding of the seminal vesicles).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical epidemiology using an electronic value-added tabulator. Application to cancer of the prostate in TNM classification and in calculating Kaplan-Meier curves].

The authors have been using the WHO-TNM 1977 classified, modified in 1982, for prostatic cancer for more than ten years. This classification has been considered to be insufficient to allow precise choice of therapeutic determinants and to accurately evaluate the results of treatments. A new WHO TNM 88 classification has been recently published and has raised many controversies in the urological literature which complicates the development of this classification. The authors have developed a value added system of TNM scoring using the Excel programme on a personal computer, which tries to integrate the various classifications 78-82-88. Very precise rules must be determined for information collection, the most reproducible medical indicators must be selected and they must be made as objective and as pertinent as possible. The rules of the WHO classification must then be formalized and introduced into the expert system as rules of production. The system allows optimal transcription of the scores from one classification to another, depending on the political orientations of the necessity of translation. Lastly, the system calculates, in real time, the actuarial survival and/or Kaplan-Meier curves for all of the events identified by an indicator for the patient files entered into the system.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1988

Effects of multiple freeze thaws and various temperatures on the reactivity of human immunodeficiency virus antibody using three detection assays.

The effects of multiple freeze-thaw cycles and various temperatures (-20 degrees C, 4 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 37 degrees C) on the reactivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were evaluated using current ELISA, recombinant, and Western blot methodologies. Twenty consecutive freeze-thaw cycles and storage of specimens at -20 degrees C and 4 degrees C for 57 days resulted in no loss of HIV antibody reactivity nor false positive samples. Maintenance of clinical specimens at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C for 57 days resulted in some loss of HIV antibody reactivity, but all positive and weakly reacting samples remained positive, and negative samples were unaffected.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

[The tumor marker CA 15-3 in breast cancer in serum and cell compartments as an additional prognostic criterion].

In 86 woman patients having a histologically confirmed carcinoma of the breast we examined during primary treatment the CA 15-3 data in the compartments serum, cytosol and a membrane fraction. Low CA 15-3 levels in the serum combined with high concentrations in cytosol and the membrane fraction were associated with a good prognosis, whereas a poor prognosis was seen in case of high serum values and simultaneously low values in the cytosol and the membrane fraction. Hence, it seems that prognoses of the future course of the disease are possible if the CA 15-3 values are simultaneously determined in the serum, in cytosol and in a membrane fraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Silicon in human breast tissue surrounding silicone gel prostheses. A scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray investigation of normal, fibrocystic and peri-prosthetic breast tissue.

Implanted silicone breast prostheses leak silicone gel through the intact membrane. In order to determine the exact location and to achieve a semiquantitative estimation of the amount of silicone in the surrounding tissue, a method involving scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) was used. By this method we were able to demonstrate the presence of the element silicon (Si) (main component of silicone, a polymer with a general formula e.g. (CH3[Si(CH3)2O]n Si(CH3)3 along the inner border of vacuoles corresponding to the light microscopic localization of droplets and in macrophages. The tissue adjacent to the prostheses had a higher silicon content than the control tissue.

Breast↗
PubMed1988

Predictors of failure after endocardial resection for sustained ventricular tachycardia.

This study was designed to identify characteristics that might be predictors of failure of surgical treatment alone (endocardial resection) for sustained ventricular tachycardia. Thirty-three consecutive patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia were studied by standard techniques preoperatively, intraoperatively, and 7 to 36 days postoperatively. Standard endocardial resection was guided by intraoperative mapping in all patients. Adjuvant cryoablation was used in areas that were not accessible to excision. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the results of the postoperative electrophysiologic study. Group I (14) were patients who still had ventricular tachycardia (failure) and Group II (19) were those who did not have ventricular tachycardia (success). On the basis of the postoperative electrophysiologic testing, the time from myocardial infarction to surgical treatment (less than 3 months) was a powerful predictor of failure of operation alone to prevent ventricular tachycardia (p less than 0.01). This may indicate a different mechanism of ventricular tachycardia in this group of patients. Another possible predictor of surgical failure was three-vessel disease. The site of origin of ventricular tachycardia, the use of cryoablation, the number of morphologies, and the amount of tissue resected were not significant predictors of success or failure. The result of the postoperative electrophysiologic study was also a strong prognostic predictor of subsequent arrhythmias.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Delineation of the extent of coronary atherosclerosis by high-frequency epicardial echocardiography.

Postmortem studies suggest that coronary angiography does not always accurately delineate the extent of coronary-artery disease. We examined this problem in living human hearts by performing high-frequency epicardial echocardiography at the time of cardiac surgery. The ratio of the diameter of the lumen of the coronary artery to the thickness of its wall was used to quantify the severity of coronary lesions. In 11 patients with no angiographic evidence of coronary disease anywhere in the coronary tree, the mean (+/- SEM) ratio was 5.9 +/- 0.3. In 21 patients with angiographic disease at the site evaluated by echocardiography, the mean ratio was lower (2.3 +/- 0.2, P less than 0.05), reflecting encroachment into the arterial lumen by atherosclerotic plaque. In 15 patients with arterial segments that were angiographically normal but with arterial stenoses elsewhere in the coronary tree, the mean ratio was 4.1 +/- 0.3, with marked overlap with the values in the patients who had angiographic disease at the site of the echocardiographic evaluation. These results demonstrate, in living human hearts, that diffuse coronary atherosclerosis is often present when coronary angiography reveals only discrete stenoses. This finding suggests that coronary angiography may underestimate the severity and extent of coronary disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evidence of serum antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoeae before gonococcal infection.

To characterize the serum antibody response to urethral infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, we examined pre- and postinfection sera from 13 men experiencing their first gonococcal infection. Using western blot analysis, we found that nine of 13 patients developed new serum IgG antibodies against one or more antigens, most commonly against lipooligosaccharide, followed in order by the H.8-antigen, pili, proteins I and II, and protein III. Twelve of 13 patients had preexisting IgG to gonococcal antigens, most commonly against the H.8 antigen, followed by pili, lipooligosaccharide, protein I, and protein III. Using serum obtained from other patients before and after nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis, we demonstrated that carriage resulted in serum IgG cross-reactive to N. gonorrhoeae antigens. This is likely explanation for the presence of antigen-specific antibody in preinfection sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta after balloon angioplasty.

This study was designed to assess the long-term effects of balloon angioplasty for coarctation of the aorta. Eleven asymptomatic children, aged 4 to 6 years, underwent balloon angioplasty. Mean peak gradient fell from 50.5 +/- 4.7 mm Hg before angioplasty to 21.7 +/- 3.1 immediately after angioplasty. Children were then followed up at 3 to 6 month intervals and were recatherized 5 to 14 months after balloon angioplasty. On the basis of these catheterization findings, patients were divided into three groups: group I--four patients, residual gradient less than 10 mm Hg and no anatomic abnormalities; Group II--three patients, increase of gradient to greater than 25 mm Hg, mean 34 mm Hg; Group III--four patients, aneurysmal dilatation in the area of the balloon angioplasty. The seven patients in groups II and III underwent elective resection of their coarctation at 7 to 28 months after balloon angioplasty with end-to-end anastomosis. Somatosensory evoked potentials were monitored during the operation. There were no operative deaths and no gradients between arm and leg pressures postoperatively. One patient had mild paresis of the lower extremities. Pathologic examination of the specimens revealed an absence of muscle and elastic lamella in the area of the aneurysms. This finding was present in all specimens regardless of whether there was aneurysmal dilatation. Neofibroelastic proliferation at the site of the tear was responsible for persistent gradients. Balloon angioplasty may result in aneurysmal formation and/or recurrent stenosis in the area of the tear necessitating elective surgical repair. Surgical treatment is the same as for native coarctation when done early after balloon angioplasty, but may be associated with increased risk because of the lack of collateral circulation. Continued follow-up of these lesions is necessary.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗