Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Brandt

Publications and source records attributed to B Brandt.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Presentation of an urologic laser video-disc].

The authors participated in the development of the first medical laser video-disc of the National Education department, together with 80 other French teams. Among the 40,000 images recorded in this version, of the 100,000 possible, 1,500 are of direct application to urology, which is already considerable and very largely sufficient for the institution of a good methodology of use of this new data support. The laser video-disc is produced from simple colour slides or professional video recordings of very high quality. Images are transcribed onto a stock reel, photographed to harmonize quality and then transferred to a master disc allowing pressing of numerous laser discs in a not too costly manner. The image in these discs remains analogic in contrast to digital CD ROM discs. The images can be read singly, with rapid access, or in sequence. Recording of comments on images is initially by computer with a very detailed, normalized protocol. This allows subsequent practical use of the Philips laservision video-disc with a computer and a high performance, if possible, expert system program. Creation of this basic model of multimedia medical data of large capacity requires, the development of original methodologies of use. Thousands of images are proposed and thousands of good practical uses should be proposed by us, for example: pedagogic for different audiences, in therapy, as an aid to diagnosis, to assist recording of medical images, in order to ensure effective cost/benefit ratios for the media. The innovation of a medical thesaurus specialized in imaging technics is essential to ensure maximum use of this disc, and the authors are currently developing means for insertion of the disc in the daily life of a university hospital.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1987

The role of intraoperative high-frequency epicardial echocardiography during coronary artery revascularization.

The intraoperative evaluation of the technical adequacy of coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses has been limited by a lack of suitable tools. To evaluate the role of intraoperative high-frequency epicardial echocardiography we examined 82 coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses in 29 patients shortly before or just after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Minor defects that did not compromise the lumen of the anastomoses were seen in two patients. One major technical error, a near total occlusion of an internal mammary-to-coronary artery anastomosis, was not apparent on external inspection, but was clearly identified with high-frequency epicardial echocardiography. This was revised immediately. Thus, high-frequency epicardial echocardiography permits the intraoperative evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses so that technical errors can be quickly identified and corrected.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1986

Childhood pedestrian injury: a pilot study concerning etiology.

For U.S. children of preschool and school age, fatal pedestrian injury is more common than fatal passenger injury, but there is no agreement on preventive approaches and their efficacy. Development of preventive measures requires understanding of how and why such injuries occur, which in turn requires better methods to sort out the many factors which appear to contribute to the problem. In an attempt to develop the broadest possible picture of the dynamics of child pedestrian injury, a multidisciplinary process was developed to collect and interpret medical, traffic, social, psychological and behavioral information concerning specific injury events. In a pilot study, the process was used to study six pedestrian injuries. The pilot study indicated that: the multidisciplinary approach identified possible etiologic factors missed without it; this approach requires the availability of high quality medical information and police accident records; biological, psychological, and social characteristics of victims, victim families and communities appear to affect the occurrence of child pedestrian injuries; and, such victim factors must be considered in development of countermeasures. It is concluded that the technique of multidisciplinary analysis merits further application as a productive way to generate quantitatively testable hypotheses concerning childhood pedestrian injury causality and potential countermeasures.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1986

Growth of the pulmonary arteries following Blalock-Taussig shunt.

The Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt remains the standard systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt. We reviewed our experience with the classic BT shunt in terms of mortality, patency, duration of palliation, and growth of the pulmonary artery. Records were reviewed in 49 consecutive patients, 25 of whom were less than one month old at the time of operation. They underwent a total of 53 BT shunts. Also, the pulmonary artery index (PAI), or the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the right and left pulmonary arteries standardized by the body surface area (BSA), was calculated. There were 4 operative deaths (7.5%) and 1 late death (2.0%). Early shunt thrombosis (within 72 hours postoperatively) occurred in 3 patients. Four patients required a second BT shunt, 5 underwent a palliative outflow tract reconstruction, and 5 required a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. Twenty-one patients underwent a corrective procedure, and 26 underwent a second cardiac catheterization. Of these 26 patients, 24 represent the subgroup used to assess the growth of the pulmonary arteries. The mean duration of palliation was 25.15 months. Mean PAI increased significantly from 127 +/- 40 mm2/BSA pre-shunt to 286.1 +/- 144 mm2/BSA post-shunt (p less than .004). This series demonstrates that the pulmonary arteries do grow after BT shunt. Pulmonary artery growth in patients with tetralogy of Fallot was greater than that in patients with single ventricle, and the duration of palliation was acceptable in most patients. Calculation of PAI may aid in the decision whether to perform a corrective surgical procedure or a second palliative shunt procedure.

Heart Defects, Congenital↗
PubMed1986

Intraoperative high-frequency epicardial echocardiography in coronary revascularization: locating deeply embedded coronary arteries.

During coronary revascularization, the precise location of major coronary arteries may be obscured by overlying fat, myocardial bridging, or epicardial scarring. High-frequency epicardial echocardiography can be used intraoperatively to quickly image and locate such arteries and eliminate the need for time-consuming epicardial exploration or potentially deleterious retrograde probing of distal coronary artery branches. This technique can be applied using commercially available equipment and the aid of a skilled technician.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1986

Intraoperative evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses with high-frequency epicardial echocardiography: experimental validation and initial patient studies.

There is currently no accepted approach for intraoperative evaluation of the technical adequacy of coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses. High-frequency epicardial echocardiography performed intraoperatively could assess coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses by providing on-line short-axis (cross-sectional) and longitudinal two-dimensional images of the vessels. To validate measurements of anastomoses with high-frequency epicardial echocardiography, luminal diameter determined by high-frequency epicardial echocardiography was compared with that determined histologically after perfusion fixation in 12 dogs studied after coronary artery bypass grafting. Technical errors were deliberately created in some grafts. The results of these animal validation studies showed that maximum luminal diameter of the anastomosis by high-frequency epicardial echocardiography correlated well with histologic measurements (r = .92; high-frequency epicardial echocardiography = 0.8 histology + 0.3). All deliberately created technical errors were detected by an independent observer using high-frequency epicardial echocardiography. After completion of the animal studies, we demonstrated the clinical applicability of this approach in 12 patients. Fifteen coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses were examined intraoperatively with high-frequency epicardial echocardiography. The measured maximum luminal diameter of the anastomosis was greater than the maximum luminal diameter of the native artery, as expected, in all end-to-side anastomoses. However, the maximum luminal diameter of the side-to-side anastomoses was equal to or slightly less than that of the native artery. In this initial patient group, minor technical errors were noted in two of 15 graft anastomoses. In conclusion, high-frequency epicardial echocardiography can accurately measure coronary arterial bypass graft anastomoses and has potential for intraoperative detection of technical errors and inadequacies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[The seminal vesicle dynamic emptying test as an interventional echographic control of the spermogram in the examination of male sterility].

Ultrasound imaging to verify effective emptying of seminal vesicles is proposed, during spermograms included in investigation of couple sterility. The aim is to detect distal obstructive seminopathies, often unilateral and inaccessible to enzymatic analysis of sperm. A review of recently drafted case reports of 41 sterile men showed that in half of them an insufficient ejaculate volume always corresponded to poor emptying of seminal vesicles as seen on ultrasound images. If an obstruction is present it is usually in the ejaculatory canal zones. Two patients with azoospermia were treated by endoscopic resection of terminal part of ejaculatory canals with only one good result in the spermogram. With respect to counting of spermatozoa, it is not possible in patients with decreased emptying of seminal vesicles, a part from those with azoospermia, to establish any correlation between type of obstructive seminopathy and its effect on the spermogram. Of the 41 men in this series, a half had problems with their partner and the other half another known sterility factor.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1985

[4 years' experience with the use of the Aloka URO 500 ultrasonic system].

In order to help those colleagues concerned by the choice of an echographic system, as there are enough suppliers there to keep them comparing for years, we share our experience with the URO 500 Aloka system. The technical elements of the system are dissected. The "urologic" environment, facilities and staff, where the ultrasound takes place has also to be considered with attention: the quality of the services provided by the US depends much upon your match of the system's integration. Advantages and disadvantages are analysed within this double relation, to the technical "hard" on one side, to the "urological environment" on the other side. Both aspects have to be considered, in order to make up your mind.

Female↗