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Biomedical subjects

B Berglund

Publications and source records attributed to B Berglund.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Impaired odor perception in tank cleaners.

The olfactory perception of 20 men (tank cleaners) exposed to petroleum products (while cleaning oil tanks) was examined. Office workers and watchmen were used as referents (N = 20 + 20). They were matched with regard to sex, age, and smoking habits. Odor detection thresholds and the perceived odor intensity of four odorous stimuli, pyridine, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), n-butanol, and heating oil vapor (gas phase of heating oil heated to +40 degrees C), were determined. The results suggested that the tank cleaners had higher absolute odor thresholds for n-butanol and oil vapor than the referents. The psychophysical function of the tank cleaners and referents differed for all the tested substances in respect to odor intensity. The tank cleaners displayed an odor deficit analogous to the hearing loss known as "loudness recruitment," ie, normal perception of strong stimuli but impaired perception of weak stimuli. This odor deficit was therefore named "odor intensity recruitment" and seems, in tank cleaners, to be associated with occupational exposure to oil vapor.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Volume capacity and pressure characteristics of the continent cecal reservoir.

In 11 patients with continent cecostomy, the volume capacity and pressure characteristics of the cecal reservoir were studied at several intervals postoperatively. The reservoir volume stabilized at 400 milliliters four months postoperatively. The basal pressure increased during filling to approximately 9 centimeters of H2O. Pressure waves appeared at all filling volumes in the reservoir but increased in frequency and amplitude with increasing volume. The area underneath the pressure waves was calculated and used as a quantitative measurement of the motor activity. In this manner, a significant increase in motor activity was seen with increasing reservoir volume, although no significant change of motor activity was seen with increasing time after operation. Data from the cecal reservoir were compared with corresponding data from the ileal reservoir obtained in a previous study at our laboratory. This comparison showed a smaller volume capacity and higher basal pressure in the cecal reservoir at identical filling volumes. The motor activity in the cecal reservoir was 20 times greater than that in the ileal reservoir. Thus, the cecal reservoir has a low adaptability to distension compared with the ileal reservoir.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Reflux from the continent ileostomy reservoir. A radiologic evaluation combined with pressure recording.

The reflux from the continent ileostomy reservoir was studied with radiologic and pressure recording techniques in ten patients. The contrast used was poly-iodine-styrene with a density of 0.8 to 1.1 gm/cm3. Reflux into the afferent loop was demonstrated in all patients at a filling volume of approximately 30 percent of the maximal volume capacity of the reservoir. The magnitude of reflux increased with the increasing volume of the reservoir contents and a rise in reservoir pressure. The reflux could temporarily be influenced by antiperistaltic or isoperistaltic motor activity in the afferent loop. Although no adverse effects were seen from the amount of reflux demonstrated in the present investigation, the finding of increasing reflux with increased fullness and intraluminal pressure of the reservoir would indicate that the reservoir should be emptied at regular intervals and before high pressures are built up.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Effect of nicotine on coronary blood-flow in man.

The effect of 4 mg nicotine administered in a chewing gum on coronary haemodynamics and oxygen transport, was studied by coronary sinus catheterization in eight healthy non-smoking men. Measurements were made of coronary sinus blood-flow (CSF) by thermodilution and arterial-coronary sinus (a-cs) O2-difference together with heart rate and intra-arterial pressure both at rest, and during, atrial pacing with and without nicotine. Nicotine increased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) more than expected from the increase in the rate-pressure product. The increased MVO2 was covered only partly by increased coronary blood-flow; especially during and after pacing an increased a-cs O2-difference contributed significantly. This differed from the response when MVO2 was increased by atrial pacing alone, in which case the whole increase in MVO2 was covered by increased flow. The results suggest that nicotine affects coronary vascular resistance and blood-flow indirectly through a vasodilatory effect, by mechanisms related to the increased cardiac work, and directly through a vasoconstrictory effect. The suggested vasoconstrictor component is moderate in the non-ischaemic human heart.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Autonomic cardiovascular responses in parkinsonism: effect of levodopa with dopa-decarboxylase inhibition.

Autonomically mediated cardiovascular responses to certain manoeuvres were studied in 20 parkinson patients, 24 h off levodopa-decarboxylase inhibitor medication and again one h after medication. Results were compared with 15 healthy control subjects. The heart rate at rest was higher in parkinson, the respiratory sinus arrhythmia was lower, while the Valsalva ratio, the heart rate and blood pressure responses during an orthostatic test and the heart rate response to a dive reflex test were normal. These findings indicate a normal function of peripheral autonomic nerves and a possible central parasympathetic dysfunction. There were significantly attenuated responses of heart rate, blood pressure and contralateral forearm blood flow to an isometric handgrip. Since the peripheral autonomic nerves seemed to be normal, these results could be related to a reduced central command and/or diminished stimulation of postulated peripheral ergoreceptors in parkinsonism. There was no major effect on the cardiovascular responses by the acutely administered medication.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Coronary flow regulation in patients with ischemic heart disease: release of purines and prostacyclin and the effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin formation.

The present investigation was undertaken to study cardiac release of adenosine and prostacyclin (prostaglandin [PG] I2) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), and to assess coronary vascular resistance before and after inhibition of synthesis in such patients. In 48 patients with IHD, arterial and coronary sinus blood samples were taken at rest, during atrial pacing to angina, and after pacing. Levels of purines were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and the PGI2 metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was measured with radioimmunoassay. Coronary sinus blood flow was determined with retrograde continuous thermodilution before and after oral administration of indomethacin, aspirin, naproxen, or ibuprofen. Atrial pacing induced myocardial ischemia, as evidenced by typical chest pain and arrested lactate extraction. Adenosine was extracted at rest, but during ischemia there was a significant release of its metabolite hypoxanthine, indicating increased myocardial breakdown of high-energy adenine nucleotides. Arterial and coronary sinus concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were low and no significant differences between them were found. After administration of the PG-synthesis inhibitor indomethacin, coronary vascular resistance was elevated, as was the cardiac oxygen extraction. The three other PG-synthesis inhibitors (aspirin, naproxen, and ibuprofen) did not, however, induce any change in coronary vascular resistance or in the cardiac extraction of oxygen. On the basis of these data we suggest that in patients with IHD cardiac ischemia results in increased myocardial production and release of purines, cardiac ischemia does not elicit any detectable increase in coronary production of prostacyclin, and the increased coronary resistance induced by indomethacin does not reflect the involvement of locally formed PG in the maintenance of coronary flow, but is rather a direct effect of the drug.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1984

Myoglobin release in patients with angina pectoris following short-term ischaemia by pacing to angina.

Thirteen patients with severe stable angina pectoris were studied by coronary sinus catheterization. In all patients, severe chest pains were produced by atrial pacing. The chest pains had disappeared within 10 min after pacing. Simultaneous arterial (a) and coronary sinus (cs) blood samples were taken before, during and after pacing and analyzed for myoglobin and lactate. The a-cs difference of myoglobin tended to become more negative after pacing, although the change was not significant. However, the change in negative direction post-pacing of the a-cs myoglobin difference was quantitatively correlated with the change in negative direction of the a-cs lactate difference during pacing in the individual patients. This suggests that short-term myocardial ischaemia without signs of established myocardial infarction may provoke myocardial myoglobin release.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Volume capacity and pressure characteristics of the continent ileostomy reservoir.

The volume capacity and the pressure characteristics of the ileal reservoir were studied at intervals postoperatively in 28 patients with continent ileostomy. The reservoir volume increased during the first 6 months from 100 ml to approximately 700 ml, after which it remained stable. The basal pressure increased during filling to a maximum of roughly 10 cm H2O. Under 'physiological conditions' the basal pressure was around 4 cm H2O before emptying. Two types of pressure waves occurred, small pressure fluctuations with a frequency of 7-8/min and larger phasic waves appearing when approximately 40% of the reservoir volume capacity had been reached. The occurrence of both types of pressure waves decreased with time. The total motor activity, expressed as the area underneath the pressure waves, decreased considerably during the 1st year after operation, indicating an adaptation of the intestinal smooth muscle to distension. The results confirm the original concept proposed by Kock that the ileal reservoir constructed in this manner is a low-pressure reservoir.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effect of digoxin on physical performance in healthy man.

The effect of digoxin on the maximal oxygen uptake, the heart rate reaction during submaximal and maximal bicycle exercise and the isokinetic skeletal muscle strength in the thigh was investigated in nine well-trained healthy young men. A daily dose of digoxin of 0.50 mg for 2 weeks, giving a steady state serum digoxin concentration of 1.0 +/- 0.2 nmol/l, did not significantly change maximal oxygen uptake or isokinetic muscle strength. However, the heart rate at rest and during exercise, both at submaximal and maximal levels, decreased significantly during digoxin administration.

Administration, Oral↗