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Biomedical subjects

B Berglund

Publications and source records attributed to B Berglund.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Estimation of digital circulation and its correlation to clinical signs of ischaemia--a comparative methodological study.

Five different methods were used to evaluate the arterial blood supply to 29 toes from 15 patients with atherosclerotic disease: digital pulse plethysmography, systolic toe blood pressure recording, skin temperature recording, vital capillary microscopy and dynamic fluorescein angiography. An optimal discrimination between legs with and without ischaemic ulcers or gangrene was obtained with the following borderlines: inclination time non-measurable because of very low or no recordable pulse curve, systolic toe blood pressure less than 20 mmHg, skin temperature (after vasodilatation) less than 29 degrees C, capillary stage greater than 3 (indicating the presence of capillary haemorrhages or more advanced changes) and fluorescein appearance time greater than 45 s. The results of the study provide no basis for the opinion that one method is superior to the others in discriminating between arteriosclerotic feet with and without existing skin necrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise performance at low and high altitudes in cross-country skiers.

The effect of caffeine on exercise time over a specified distance (approx. 21 km) was investigated in well-trained cross-country skiers (14 subjects) both at low (300 m above sea level) and high (2900 m above sea level) altitudes. Each subject participated in two races at both altitudes--one after caffeine ingestion (6 mg/kg body weight) and one after placebo on a double-blind basis. In each race 50% of the participants were medicated with caffeine, thereby after normalization (where the mean time was set at 100%), when the influence of weather and snow conditions were minimized, the difference between the race time with caffeine and placebo could be calculated for each individual and expressed as a percentage of the mean. At low altitudes, after half the distance, the race time with caffeine was decreased 0.94% of the mean time (corresponding to approx. 33 s) as compared to placebo (P less than 0.05), whereas after the full distance the corresponding decrease was 1.7% of the mean time (corresponding to approx. 59 s) (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). At high altitudes, the race time was significantly faster with caffeine than with placebo (P less than 0.001), both after one and two laps, 2.19% and 3.18% of the mean time, respectively (corresponding to approx. 101 s and 152 s). The perceived exertion was similar at low and high altitudes independent of medication. In conclusion, there are indications that caffeine induces an increased performance capacity for cross-country skiers at low altitudes. Furthermore, an even more marked improvement after caffeine as compared to placebo was found at high altitudes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Reproducibility of treadmill exercise in patients with intermittent claudication.

The reproducibility of pain limited exercise time (ET) and heart rate (HR) have been evaluated in repeated treadmill exercise tests in 24 patients with arterial occlusive disease of the lower limbs and intermittent claudication. The protocol includes a walking speed of 1 m/s and load increments of 10 watt/min and the two tests were separated by 1--14 days. The total ET was systematically increased by about 30 sec (P less than 0.05) at the second exercise test. The reproducibility of ET at the onset of leg pains was 34%, whereas the corresponding value at maximal leg pain was 16%. HR at the termination of the test did not differ systematically between the two tests and the reproducibility of HR was 6.1% and 5.5% at the onset of pain and maximal pain, respectively. It is concluded that a slight improvement in walking capacity at a second exercise test must be taken into account when evaluating different types of therapy in patients with intermittent claudication and, furthermore, that ET, walking distance or work load, should preferably be evaluated at or near maximal leg pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Low molecular weight dextran therapy for digital ischemia due to collagen vascular disease.

12 patients with digital ischemia due to collagen vascular disease were treated with repeated infusions of low molecular weight dextran at intervals from 5 to 6 weeks. The patients were followed clinically and by capillary microscopy. In 5 patients an increased capillary blood flow was seen by capillary microscopy. The clinical changes consisted of a lower number of ulcers in 5 of 9 patients with ulcers and a reduction of cold intolerance in 8 of the 12 patients studied. 4 patients had no improvement at all from the treatment. A determination of dextran-reactive antibodies was also performed.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1980

Cardiovascular reflexes in short-term diabetics with normal physical working capacity.

The aim of the study was to elucidate whether disturbances of sympathetic and parasympathetic control of cardiac functions appear in short-term diabetics. For this purpose, cardiovascular reflexes [resting heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia, Valsalva manoeuvre, orthostatic test] and physical working capacity were investigated in fifteen maturity-onset diabetics (aged 40-60 years, duration of diabetes 1-9 years) and nineteen healthy volunteers. All diabetics had normal sensory tests, positive Achilles tendon jerks, and no signs of retinopathy or nephropathy. In the diabetics, HR at rest was increased (in the diabetics 80 +/- 12 vs 69 +/- 9 beats/min in the controls, P less than 0.01), the Valsalva ratio was decreased (P less than 0.01) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia decreased (P less than 0.05). In contrast, the physical working capacity was not altered. This study demonstrates impairment of cardiovascular reflexes in short-term diabetics, most likely due to neuropathy of the vagal nerves.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Capillary permeability in healthy males with different insulin response to glucose.

The capillary permeability in human skeletal muscle, expressed as capillary diffusion capacity (CDC) for 51Cr-EDTA, was determined during exercise with a local clearance method in two groups of healthy male subjects: a younger group with a mean age of 30 years and an older one with a mean age of 58 years. The main finding was that, in both age groups, CDC was significantly negatively correlated to the early phase of insulin response to an intravenous glucose load. No correlation was found between CDC and peripheral insulin sensitivity. CDC was significantly higher in the older age group (P less than 0.01) independent of insulin response, blood flow and body weight. These data indicate that subjects with low insulin response to glucose have a higher capillary permeability than high responders, and that muscle capillary permeability increases with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Serum enzymes after hip joint surgery.

The effect of hip joint surgery on routine serum enzyme values was studied. The increase in creatine kinase was most marked and normal levels were restored again after approximately 1 week. Asparatate aminotransferase was slightly elevated throughout the first two postoperative weeks. Alanine aminotransferase was essentially unchanged during the first three postoperative days in contrast to lactate dehydrogenase which reached preoperative values again after only 2--3 days. Alkaline phosphatase showed an increase after 1 week whereas S-amylase was essentially normal throughout the 2 weeks studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Change in myocardial metabolism in man by a new stimulator of carbohydrate oxidation.

The effect on human myocardial metabolism of (S)-4-hydroxyphenylglycine, a substance which in animal experiments has been shown to stimulate carbohydrate metabolism mainly by activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase was studied in five healthy volunteers by coronary sinus catheterization. 90 min after i.v. injection of the drug myocardial extraction of glucose and lactate was doubled, myocardial oxidation of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) significantly reduced and myocardial RQ increased accordingly. This a pronounce shift towards carbohydrate oxidation was achieved with a dose which gave no side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Invariance of odor strength with sniff vigor: an olfactory analogue to size constancy.

Previous evidence has shown that detection threshold in humans and olfactory neural discharge rate in animal preparations both depend on flow rate of odorous vapor. But no data have been reported that show the effects of flow rate in humans on perceived odor strength at suprathreshold intensities. Subjects learned to inspire at two flow rates, one twice as great as the other, by adjusting (on a cathode ray tube) the transduced trace of a sniff-produced pressure change to match either of two target contours. They then made magnitude estimations of odor strength, while producing either weak or strong sniffs, for odorants presented over a wide range of concentrations via a specially designed sniff-bottle system. The odorant, diluted in diethyl phthalate, was n-butanol in two experiments and n-amyl acetate in two others. Subject-controlled flow rate had no effect on odor strength for either odorant. There was an apparent contradiction between these data and those on neural discharge rate that may, however, be resolved by adopting an odor constancy model: When sniff intensity varies during the olfactory exploration of an odor source, information about the rate at which odorant molecules are established at the receptor site is combined with information about sniff vigor so that the resulting percept is of invariant odor strength.

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

Olfactory self- and cross-adaptation: effects of time of adaptation on perceived odor intensity.

The time-course of self- and cross-adaptation of the olfactory system was investigated for two constant concentrations of three odorous substances. The substances (hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and pyridine) were matched, in a pilot experiment, with regard to perceived odor intensity. The time of adaptation was controlled by the number of inhalations (1-10). A two-step scaling method, involving cross-modality matching and numerical scaling of the matching continuum, was used for measuring perceived odor intensity during adaptation. The results show that the time-course function for self-adaptation seems to be an exponential function for two of the substances (H2S, DMDS), while for the third (pyridine) the form of the function is less distinct. Cross-adaptation between substances was found for the high concentrations, while for the low concentrations, hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl disulfide gave rise to pronounced cross-facilitation. The latter effect increased with time of adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗