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Biomedical subjects

B Berglund

Publications and source records attributed to B Berglund.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Voiding pattern, urinary volume, composition and bacterial contamination in patients with urinary diversion via a continent ileal reservoir.

A series of 41 patients with a continent ileal reservoir for urinary diversion (Kock pouch) was studied with regard to voiding pattern (voiding frequency), voided volume, urinary composition, bacterial contamination and mucus secretion. The mean voiding frequency in 21 patients was 5/24 h and the time required for the procedure, including the time to cover the stoma with a bandage, was 3 to 5 min; 2 patients voided once or twice at night, while 19 patients never did so. The mean volume voided during the day were significantly smaller than the volume voided in the morning. The total 24-h urinary volume exceeded that of normal individuals but the 24-h secretion of electrolytes was within normal limits. Bacterial contamination was found in most samples of urine. Evacuation was not impeded by the rich mucus content of the urine and mucus production did not diminish with time.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of blood transfusions on some hematological variables in endurance athletes.

Selected hematological variables (blood hemoglobin concentration [Hb], serum (s-) iron, s-bilirubin, s-ferritin, blood lactate, and s-erythropoietin [Epo]) were analyzed before and for 4 wk after autologous blood transfusions. A group of well-trained (8 male and 4 female) former endurance athletes was phlebotomized and 3-4 months later reinfused with the freezer-stored autologous red blood cells (RBC) from 1350 ml of blood. The [Hb] increased significantly (P less than 0.001 for both sexes) from 146.7 +/- 5.31 and 131.7 +/- 11.20 g. l-1 immediately before reinfusion to maximum values of 163.5 +/- 7.47 and 155.9 +/- 11.43 g.l-1 (mean +/- SD) in males and females, respectively, 2 d after reinfusion. S-iron increased transiently 5 h after reinfusion. S-bilirubin remained unchanged throughout the study. S-ferritin increased gradually (P less than 0.02) from 48 +/- 32.91 mmol.l-1 before reinfusion to a maximum of 80.8 +/- 39.52 mmol.l-1 2 wk after reinfusion. S-[Epo] increased transiently (P less than 0.01) from 8.83 +/- 2.51 (mean +/- SD) to 12.36 +/- 5.64 U.l-1, (mean +/- SD) 5 h after reinfusion. Subsequently, there was a significant marked decrease in s-[Epo] to 5.85 +/- 1.32 U.l-1, (mean +/- SD) 1 d after reinfusion (P less than 000.1, as compared to before reinfusion). Thereafter, s-[Epo] remained low throughout the study. Blood lactate was significantly decreased only the first 2 d after reinfusion (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Exercise capacity prior to myocardial infarction relates inversely to enzyme activity during infarction.

Epidemiological studies suggest that myocardial infarction occurs less commonly in physically fit individuals, indicating an inverse relationship between fitness and coronary arterial disease. In this study, the exercise capacity measured prior to infarction, was related to enzyme activity during subsequent infarction. Out of 512 consecutive male patients with acute infarction 35 were found who had previously performed an eligible exercise test. The exercise capacity was inversely related to enzymic activity during the infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Influence of age on faecal carriage of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria in hospitalized neonates.

The aerobic faecal flora of 953 infants aged over 5 days was studied on discharge from 22 neonatal wards in Swedish hospitals. Klebsiella/enterobacter was isolated from 74% of infants and dominated the aerobic gram-negative flora in 19 wards. Escherichia coli was carried by 42% and showed a slight dominance in two wards. Initially klebsiella/enterobacter dominated the flora but became increasingly mixed with and taken over by E. coli, carriage increasing from 21% in infants discharged after 5-7 days to 57% after 3 weeks or later. Among infants with E. coli, P-fimbriated strains were demonstrated in 23% (range 0-67) and were independent of age. Occasional clustering of such strains was observed in 3/22 wards during the study period. It is postulated that the general and local colonization patterns observed reflect differences between individual strains of E. coli and klebsiella in both their capacity for transmission and their persistence in the newborn gut. The role of P-fimbriae in intestinal colonization of neonates by E. coli was, however, not supported.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Urinary diversion to the augmented and valved rectum. An experimental study in dogs.

A new model for diverting urine to the rectum was tried in dogs. An intussusception valve was constructed at the junction of the sigmoid colon and the rectum allowing passage only in aboral direction. The rectum was augmented by patching it with an opened and folded ileal segment. The ureters were implanted into the rectum by a new anti-reflux method. All three dogs survived the operation. The volume of the augmented rectum increased from 80-150 ml at operation to a maximum of 750 ml six months after the operation. The pressure in the rectum did not exceed 18 cm of water during maximal filling. No reflux to the bowel proximal to the intussusception valve or to the ureters could be observed even during maximal filling of the augmented rectum. No signs of obstruction of the fecal stream by the intussusception valve were seen. In three out of five implanted renal units strictures developed at the implantation sites and resulted in impaired renal function. In the two renal units without strictures, no impairment of kidney function was found. Involuntary leak from the anus was not observed and no masceration was found around the anus. These experiments are regarded as very encouraging an a clinical trial is now under way.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Influence of antibiotic therapy on faecal carriage of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria in neonates.

The influence of previous antibiotic therapy on the aerobic faecal flora, including P-fimbriated Escherichia coli, was studied in 953 neonates at discharge from 22 neonatal wards in Sweden. Antibiotics, mainly ampicillin (with or without gentamicin) or cefuroxime, had been received by 37% of the infants. Treatment with ampicillin (with or without gentamicin) increased Klebsiella/Enterobacter and reduced Esch. coli colonization. Cephalosporin therapy (71% cefuroxime) reduced the frequency of colonization with both Esch. coli and Klebsiella/Enterobacter spp. but doubled the isolation rate of other Gram-negative bacteria (Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Acinetobacter spp.) and tripled the incidence of specimens yielding no aerobic Gram-negative growth. Gentamicin showed no significant ecological impact. The selection of Klebsiella/Enterobacter and P-negative Esch. coli strains by ampicillin was correlated with their resistance to this agent, while the association between P-fimbriated Esch. coli and cefuroxime therapy was not related to cefuroxime resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiology of fecal strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae in 22 neonatal wards and influence of antibiotic policy.

The gram-negative fecal floras from 953 infants were studied upon discharge of the infants from 22 neonatal wards. More than 600 distinct phenotypes of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp. were distinguished by high-resolution biotyping. The colonization patterns observed showed considerable local and temporal variation. The major (M) strains (phenotypes), which colonized more than 10% and up to 78% of the infants in a ward (median, 23%), were Klebsiella oxytoca (15 strains), E. coli (4 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1 strain), and Enterobacter cloacae (1 strain). Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was more pronounced among M strains than among strains of enteric bacteria colonizing few or single infants only. Local antibiotic policy influenced the colonization patterns. Despite the fact that M strains of Klebsiella spp. were usually resistant to ampicillin as well as to cephalexin and cefuroxime, their local dissemination was associated with the use of ampicillin with or without gentamicin but not with the use of cefuroxime. It thus appeared that in the neonatal setting, ampicillin posed a greater risk of local spread of certain drug-resistant bacterial clones than a newer cephalosporin, such as cefuroxime.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Serum erythropoietin in cross-country skiers.

Serum erythropoietin concentration and hemoglobin concentration were determined during the winter season in 41 male and 31 female well-trained, cross-country skiers. The athletes both lived and trained at low altitude (below 300 m above sea level). No significant differences in serum erythropoietin concentration were seen between male skiers (13.6 +/- 5.0 mU.ml-1), female skiers, (14.9 +/- 5.6 mU.ml-1), and normal controls (12.6 +/- 3.9 mU.ml-1) (mean +/- SD). In 18 of the skiers (12 males and 6 females), a second sample was taken after 2.3 +/- 0.18 months. No significant difference in either serum erythropoietin concentration or hemoglobin concentration was detected between the two samples in this combined group of skiers. The present study indicates that normal serum erythropoietin concentration is to be expected during the winter season at sea level in cross-country skiers living and training at low altitude.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Development of techniques for the detection of blood doping in sport.

Increased performance after blood transfusion was first demonstrated 40 years ago, but the technique did not create attention until the early 1970s when it was dubbed 'blood doping' by the media. The procedure can increase both maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and performance in endurance sports. It was forbidden by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) after the 1984 Olympics, despite the fact that no methods had been devised for unequivocal detection. There are 2 types of blood transfusions: either from a matching donor (heterologous transfusion) or reinfusion of the subject's own blood (autologous transfusion). While the subject's haemoglobin normalise, blood can be stored in commercially available blood bags for 4 to 5 weeks in a 'blood bank' (+4 degrees C), or as frozen erythrocytes with a storage time up to several years. A blood doping procedure, independent of transfusion type, induces some pronounced physiological changes. A desired effect of blood doping is the increased total red blood cell mass leading to increments in haemoglobin, which after successfully induced blood doping is in the magnitude of at least 10%. In addition, storing of blood leads to a constant decline in RBC count due to the limited life span of the RBC (haemolysis). Thereby, serum iron and bilirubin levels will increase and reach maximal levels within the first day. Haemolysis is more accentuated after storing of blood in a blood bank than in the frozen state. The regulation of RBC formation is mediated through a negative feed-back mechanism via the glucoprotein hormone erythropoietin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1987

Volume capacity and pressure characteristics of the continent ileal reservoir used for urinary diversion.

The volume capacity and the pressure characteristics of the continent ileal reservoir for urinary diversion were studied at specific intervals postoperatively in 26 patients. The reservoir volume increased during the first year postoperatively from approximately 100 ml. at operation to a mean of 735 ml. and then remained stable during an observation period of up to 7 years. The basal pressure increased during filling from 0 to about 10 cm. water. During physiological conditions, that is when the reservoir was filled by diuresis, the basal pressure was equal to those pressures measured during saline infusion at corresponding reservoir volumes. Calculation of the magnitude of motor activity by 2 different methods showed a significant decrease in activity at 12 months compared to at 2 months after construction of the reservoir. Data from the continent urostomy reservoir were compared to corresponding data from the continent ileostomy and cecal reservoirs for fecal diversion, these being obtained in previous studies in our laboratory. The ileal reservoirs used for fecal or urinary diversion were practically identical with regard to volume capacity, basal pressure and motor activity. However, the cecal reservoir had a significantly lower volume capacity and higher basal pressure at corresponding reservoir volumes, while the motor activity was approximately 10 times greater than in the ileal reservoir. The results indicate that with regard to volume capacity and pressure characteristics the ileal reservoir is superior to the cecal reservoir as a receptacle for urine.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Detection of autologous blood transfusions in cross-country skiers.

Transfusion of autologous blood (blood doping) has been used by athletes to improve performance in sports events. This practice has been banned by the International Ski Federation (FIS) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC). So far, no reliable method for detection of blood doping has been available. In the present study, a group of six elite cross-country skiers, who were phlebotomized and retransfused with 1350 ml of blood 4 weeks later, was compared with a control group (n = 7) in whom no blood doping was performed. The blood was stored at +4 degrees C for 4 weeks. Hemoglobin increased by 7.9% from the prephlebotomy level and by 14% from the preinfusion level. The reinfusion of blood caused a 60% reduction (P less than 0.001) in serum erythropoietin in 24 h and a sharp increase (P less than 0.05) in serum iron and bilirubin after a test race performed on the day of reinfusion. It is therefore concluded that a combination of measurements of hemoglobin and bilirubin, iron, and erythropoietin in serum could detect 50% of the blood-doped athletes by a single test sample during the 1st week after reinfusion. If two test samples were used, an increase in Hb of more than 5%, and a decrease in serum erythropoietin by more than 50%, would be discussed in 50% of the blood-doped athletes throughout the first 2 weeks after reinfusion and without implicating any of the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of reinfusion of autologous blood on exercise performance in cross-country skiers.

The effect of reinfusion of autologous blood (1350 ml) on exercise time over a specified distance (approx. 15 km) 4 weeks after phlebotomy ("blood doping") were investigated in six well-trained cross-country skiers. An additional control group of six well-trained skiers was included in the study. Test races were performed before phlebotomy, 3 h after, and 14 days after reinfusion of blood. In each test race, the mean time of the control group was set to 100% and the time of the blood-doped subjects expressed in percentage of the control group mean time. In the first control race, the mean time of the subjects who were later "blood doped" was 99.4% of the control group. However, both 3 h and 14 days after the reinfusion of autologous blood, the mean time of the blood-doped subjects was significantly lower (94.1%; P less than 0.05; 96.3%, P less than 0.05, respectively) than the control group. In conclusion, reinfusion of autologous blood stored in a refrigerator for 4 weeks after phlebotomy significantly increased performance expressed as race time in cross-country skiers. The significantly increased performance was observed both 3 h and 14 days after reinfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Expansion of various types of ileal reservoirs in situ. An experimental study in rats.

In experiments on rats four types of ileal reservoirs were constructed and left to expand in situ. After 3 months the volumes and tissue weights of the various reservoirs were compared. The reservoir types were: two loops, isoperistaltic (type I), two loops, antiperistaltic (type II), three loops, S-shaped (type III) and "four loops', double-folded U loop (Kock pouch) (type IV). There was a considerable volume increase in all types of reservoir as well as a marked increase in their tissue weight. The expansion of the reservoirs in groups III and IV was significantly greater than that in groups I and II. The difference in expansion could possibly be explained by the greater radius in three- and four-loop reservoirs compared with two-loop reservoirs if Laplace's law is applied to this process. According to this law the tension in the wall of a tube increases with increasing radius.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1987

Drainage of the upper urinary tract as recorded with renography in patients with a continent urostomy (Kock pouch). An experimental study with various degrees of reservoir filling.

The drainage from the upper urinary tract was studied by the use of renography in thirteen patients with well functioning continent ileal reservoirs for urinary diversion (Kock-pouch). Renography was performed with empty reservoir and with submaximal or maximal filling of the reservoir. The reservoir pressure was continuously recorded when renography was performed with a full reservoir. When the reservoir was empty renography showed normal drainage in all patients. When the reservoir was full the renography was normal in eight patients, these having a mean reservoir volume of 715 ml but showed a delay in five patients, these having a mean reservoir volume of 930 ml. When the renography was repeated in the latter group of patients with submaximal filling (mean reservoir volume 544 ml) there was no delay of the drainage phases on the renograms. In these five patients the considerable "over-filling" of the reservoir had resulted in volumes greatly exceeding the previously recorded maximal reservoir capacity and also in pressures exceeding considerably those usually recorded in ileal reservoirs. These results show that the pressure in the bladder substitute is of great significance for the drainage from the upper urinary tract and that the low pressure ileal reservoir under ordinary circumstances does not obstruct the flow from the upper urinary tract.

Adult↗