Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Anderson.
Three hundred chemicals were tested for mutagenicity, under code, in Salmonella typhimurium, using a preincubation protocol. All tests were performed in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation, and in the presence of liver S-9 from Aroclor-induced male Sprague-Dawley rats and Syrian hamsters. The results and data from these tests are presented.
Platelet proteins which contribute to transglutaminase-catalyzed polymer formation in activated platelets were identified by an immunochemical approach using the Western blot technique. The cross-linked polymer was purified from thrombin- or Ca2+-ionophore A23187-activated platelets by a sucrose density gradient procedure in reducing conditions and in the presence of a non-ionic detergent. Following transblotting of non-crosslinked platelet proteins from a Laemmli-type gel onto nitrocellulose, the platelet protein "lanes" were incubated with unabsorbed antibodies, or antibodies absorbed with purified polymer. Antibodies to native whole platelets as well as specific antibodies were used. The results show that myosin, actin, glycoproteins IIb, IIIa, and tubulin are present in the polymer.
Four widely used in vitro assays for genetic toxicity were evaluated for their ability to predict the carcinogenicity of selected chemicals in rodents. These assays were mutagenesis in Salmonella and mouse lymphoma cells and chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Seventy-three chemicals recently tested in 2-year carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute and the National Toxicology Program were used in this evaluation. Test results from the four in vitro assays did not show significant differences in individual concordance with the rodent carcinogenicity results; the concordance of each assay was approximately 60 percent. Within the limits of this study there was no evidence of complementarity among the four assays, and no battery of tests constructed from these assays improved substantially on the overall performance of the Salmonella assay. The in vitro assays which represented a range of three cell types and four end points did show substantial agreement among themselves, indicating that chemicals positive in one in vitro assay tended to be positive in the other in vitro assays.
From 1965 to 1982, 86 analyzable patients with uterine sarcoma were treated. Nineteen patients (22%) presented with advanced disease. For the patients with curable diseases (67 patients), the disease-free survivals with a median follow-up of 4.5 years are 40% (surgery only), 53% (surgery + chemotherapy), 46% (surgery + radiation +/- chemotherapy). The local failure rates are 43%: 32%: 33%, respectively. There is no statistical significance. The most important prognostic factor is the clinical extent of the tumor. The role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy will be discussed.
A 30-year review of primary ovarian sarcomas seen at The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and a review of the literature are presented. Stage at presentation and resectability were the most significant prognostic indicators. Most recurrences appeared outside the pelvis, indicating a need for systemic chemotherapy. With aggressive treatment, patients with early stage disease can have long term survival. A plea is made for multicenter protocols to develop effective programs of treatment.
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Although carotid endarterectomy is a common surgical procedure in North America, controversies exist regarding the type of anesthesia, the use of indwelling shunts and the need for intraoperative cerebral monitoring. We present a prospective study of 100 carotid endarterectomies performed over a three year period by a single surgeon without the use of indwelling shunts, patch grafts, or EEG monitoring. The combined stroke and mortality rate was 1%. Our results confirm those of other authors; that indwelling shunts and EEG monitoring are not absolutely essential for a satisfactory outcome in carotid endarterectomies.
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Seventy-eight sexual assault victims who sought treatment within 1 month of their assaults were compared with 40 victims who delayed seeking treatment. Demographic, rape situation, and psychiatric history characteristics were examined as were postrape symptom profiles and responses to treatment. More of the delayed treatment seekers were raped by a "friend," and fewer used physical means to defend themselves against the assailant. With respect to symptomatology, delayed treatment seekers reported considerable rape-related distress and were more anxious and significantly more fearful than were recent rape victims. Implications for clinical practice and for the tailoring of services for victims of sexual assault are suggested.
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Between 1960 and 1979, 41 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium who were poor surgical risks were treated with radiation therapy at the University of Iowa. Local tumor control was achieved in 78% of the patients, 5% manifested complications, and 46% survived 5 years ("uncorrected" 5-year survival rate). Intercurrent disease was the major cause of death (54%), and intrauterine recurrence (22%) was the most frequent recurrence. Intraperitoneal spread (12%) occurred as commonly as hematogenous metastases (12%). Three of nine local failures occurred after 5 years. Local control rates correlated well with clinical stage, and the survival rates correlated well with the stage and grade of the tumor. Local tumor control was achieved in 95% of patients who received greater than 7,000 mg-h intracavitary radium, compared with 63% of patients treated with less than 7,000 mg-h.
Verapamil was given to 16 consecutive patients with multifocal atrial tachycardia. Intravenous verapamil was administered at a rate of up to 1 mg/min while heart rate and systolic blood pressure were being monitored. The final 5 patients received 1 g of intravenous calcium gluconate 5 minutes before treatment with verapamil; the first 11 received no calcium. The mean +/- SD heart rate decreased by 21% from 129 to 101 beats/min, a difference of 28, 95% confidence interval (CI), 18 to 38 (p less than 0.0005 by t-test), after a mean of 22 +/- 13 minutes from the start of verapamil administration. The mean verapamil dose was 17 +/- 7 mg (6 to 30 mg). Sinus rhythm was restored in 8 patients. Pretreatment with calcium did not block the effect of verapamil on heart rate (27% decrease with calcium compared with 19% decrease without calcium, a difference of 8%, 95% CI, -7 to 23; p = 0.29) but minimized the decrease in systolic pressure (11% decrease with calcium compared with 27% decrease without calcium, a difference of 16%, 95% CI, 7 to 27; p less than 0.01). Verapamil caused transient asymptomatic hypotension in 1 patient. Arterial blood gases were unchanged by verapamil. Thus, verapamil is safe and effective therapy for multifocal atrial tachycardia, consistently slowing the heart rate and often restoring sinus rhythm. Calcium pretreatment may reduce drug-induced hypotension without preventing the antiarrhythmic effect.
Three different summary statistics of developmental outcome are described. These include the "handicap ratio" (handicapped individuals divided by survivors), the "handicap rate" (handicapped individuals divided by live births for that birth weight group), and the "handicaps per 10,000 live births" (handicapped individuals divided by 10,000 live births for a geographic region). An analysis of these statistics was undertaken using a sample of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (less than 1,001 g) infants born in Hawaii during the period of 1975-1981. The results of this study showed a poor correlation between these summary statistics. The results suggest that these statistics represent different aspects of outcome in the ELBW infant. Suitable uses for each of these variables is discussed.
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In assessing 143 infants with cleft lip and palate, we found feeding problems to vary with the patients' anatomic lesion. Effective feeding techniques were identified by first assessing the infant's ability to generate negative intraoral pressure and to move the tongue against the nipple and then by matching these deficits to appropriate feeding devices.
The results and data from the testing of 255 chemicals for mutagenicity in Salmonella are presented. All chemicals were tested under code using a preincubation modification of the Salmonella/microsome test in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation and in the presence of liver S-9 from Aroclor-induced male Sprague-Dawley rats and Syrian hamsters.