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Biomedical subjects

B Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to B Anderson.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Symptomatology, delay, and stage of disease in endometrial cancer.

This study evaluated the characteristics of symptoms associated with stage and other extent of disease factors at diagnosis among incident cases of the endometrium (N = 98) identified in the Iowa NCI-SEER population-based cancer registry. The purpose was to determine if there were symptoms or other related factors associated with late-stage cancer that distinguished them from earlier stages and for which earlier detection might be beneficial. Most endometrial cancers presented in early-state disease with irregular vaginal bleeding, menorrhea, and abdominal swelling. Most late stage cases also reported irregular vaginal bleeding or irregular menstrual cycle not associated with menopause, but were significantly more likely to notice pain (P less than .05) then earlier-stage cases. Less delay was associated with late, not early, stage of cancer (P less than .05). There was no association between histology, grade, medical history including menopausal status, and symptoms. There were similar symptoms in both early- and late-staged tumors, with no distinguishing factors explaining their appearance at different stages of disease. This result appears to limit earlier detection by patients diagnosed with progressive disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Dysgerminoma of the ovary.

Twenty-four patients with pure dysgerminoma of the ovary were treated at The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 1935 and 1985. Ten patients had stage I unilateral tumors, and all are free of disease from 20-455 months (median, 100 months). All patients treated by unilateral adnexectomy alone for stage IA disease survived. Nine of 11 patients with advanced disease whose therapy began or was completed at our institution are alive without disease from 12-204 months (median, 60 months). Three patients were referred with recurrent disease, and none survived.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Routine pretreatment evaluation of patients with gynecologic cancer.

We evaluated the usefulness of the routine pretreatment performance of a chest x-ray, intravenous pyelogram (IVP), cystoscopy, barium enema, and sigmoidoscopy in patients presenting with endometrial and cervical carcinoma by reviewing the results of these tests in 231 patients. In no patient with cervical or endometrial carcinoma was tumor involvement of the large bowel mucosa found by the use of sigmoidoscopy and barium enema. Two percent of the cervical patients and none of the endometrial patients had bladder mucosal involvement discovered by using cystoscopy. Ureteral obstruction was seen by the IVP in 9% of the cervical patients and 1% of the endometrial patients. All of the women with cervical carcinoma who had bladder mucosal invasion or ureteral obstruction were already stage III before these tests. The chest x-rays showed a 0.7 and 3% incidence of tumor involvement in cervical and endometrial patients, respectively. The final stage differed from the initial stage in seven of the cervical patients and in two of the endometrial patients, but only in three of these nine were the changes based on the findings of the routine pretreatment evaluation. We conclude that routine cystoscopy, barium enema, and sigmoidoscopy in all patients with early stage cervical or endometrial carcinoma is not necessary, that a routine chest x-ray is still indicated in all patients with these malignancies, and that IVP should be performed routinely in all patients with cervical carcinoma but only if clinically indicated in patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1986

Photochemical linking of primary aromatic amines to carrier proteins to elicit antibody response against the amine haptens.

Two chemical methods, diazocoupling and reaction with isocyanates, are commonly used to conjugate primary aromatic amines with carrier proteins in order to elicit antibody responses against the aromatic amine haptenic group. Limitations of these conjugation techniques include the requirement for specific functional groups on the carrier protein which generally limits the degree of haptenic substitution obtainable, the many possible side reactions yielding hapten-hapten and carrier-carrier conjugates which waste valuable materials and lower desired hapten-carrier conjugate yields, and, in some cases, conjugation conditions which may denature the carrier protein (e.g., alkaline coupling conditions). We report here a photolabeling approach for conjugating primary aromatic amines to carrier proteins which avoids some of the problems of other conjugation methods and which was used to elicit antibodies against the primary aromatic amine hapten. The method described here is of general application for coupling primary aromatic amines to the carrier proteins and circumvents many of the problems inherent in the isocyanate or diazocoupling methods. 3-Azido-N-ethylcarbazole (ANEC), the azido analog of 3-amino-N-ethylcarbazole, was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA), human transferrin (TR), thyroglobulin (TH), poly-(lysine X tyrosine), and poly-(lysine X phenylalanine) using standard photolabeling procedures. After photolysis, the conjugated proteins or polypeptides were separated from the unbound products of ANEC photolysis on a Sephadex G-10 column. The conjugated proteins were extracted with isobutanol which demonstrated that approximately 20% of the ANEC was covalently coupled to the protein carriers and that the larger portion of the aromatic haptens was non-covalently and hydrophobically bound to the carriers. The ANEC-protein conjugates used for immunization demonstrated a total covalently and non-covalently bound ANEC epitope density of 90 per BSA, 107 per TR and 800 per TH molecule. Rabbits were immunized with the three conjugated proteins and the production of antibody specific for the 3-amino-N-ethylcarbazole hapten was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by inhibition studies using hapten-carrier conjugates of free hapten. The results demonstrate that antibodies against aromatic amine haptens may be raised by immunizing animals with hapten-carrier protein conjugates produced by photolabeling. Since the coupling conditions are very mild and the functional group requirements are so general (requiring only the presence of C-H, N-H, C = O, C = S, or S-H bonds) most carrier proteins should be suitable for use in this method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1986

Sexual dysfunction and signs of gynecologic cancer.

Forty-one women recently diagnosed with early-stage cervical or endometrial cancer and a matched group of healthy women in no gynecologic distress, participated in a detailed assessment of their sexual functioning. Data included the range and frequency of sexual behavior, level of sexual responsiveness, and the presence of sexual dysfunction. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that prior to the onset of cancer signs/symptoms the gynecologic cancer patients reported similar patterns of sexual activity and responsiveness as the healthy sample. With the appearance of disease signs, however, the gynecologic cancer patients reported experiencing significant sexual dysfunction symptoms. While sexual morbidity is typically conceptualized as occurring after the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, these data indicate that such changes are a major source of variation in describing the prediagnosis sexual status of the gynecologic cancer patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Chronic antidepressant treatment and mouse brain 3H-imipramine binding.

Chronic pretreatment of mice with the monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor (-)deprenyl resulted in an increase in the density of cerebral cortical 3H-imipramine binding sites and a decrease in the density of cerebral cortical beta-adrenergic receptors. In contrast, pretreatment of mice with the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and desipramine did not alter the density of cerebral cortical 3H-imipramine binding sites. Imipramine and desipramine treatment decreased the density of beta-adrenergic receptors. Haloperidol pretreatment resulted in an increase in the density of striatal D-2 dopamine receptors, but did not alter the density of cerebral cortical 3H-imipramine binding sites or beta-adrenergic receptors. These data suggest that brain 3H-imipramine binding sites can be regulated by pharmacological pretreatment, but that this regulation may not occur for all antidepressants.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of clinical trials in gynecologic cancer--timing and interpretation.

When and how often a clinical trial is analyzed is as important as the use of appropriate methodology. Premature analysis may result in inaccurate estimation of tumor response and adverse effects as well as misrepresentation of survival. Moreover, bias may be introduced or the study may be abandoned entirely. Of parallel importance to the timing is the emphasis given to the analyses. If a randomized comparative trial of two regimens is conducted and a significant therapeutic effect is not discerned, the study is generally classified as a negative study. This view is oversimplified; the negative conclusion drawn must have a much more limited scope than is generally appreciated. Lastly, the pitfalls of interpreting time variable curves such as survival are of special note. Quite often the "tails" of the curves totally belie the true implications of the analysis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Is alpha-MSH deficiency the cause of Alzheimer's disease?

The hypothesis is that a functional deficiency of alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) is the primary event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Beginning with the concept that Alzheimer's disease occurs because of a deficiency of a neurotrophic factor specific for central cholinergic neurons data is then presented to support the hypothesis that alpha-MSH is the critical neurotrophic factor.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Altered expression of G1-specific genes in human malignant myeloid cells.

We have studied the expression of cell-cycle genes specific to the G1 (2A9, 2F1, 4F1, c-myc) and S (histone H3) phases of the cell cycle in normal and malignant human myeloid cycling cells. The levels of expression were determined by measuring the amounts of specific RNA in blot hybridization assays. Levels of expression of the G1 genes were compared to the level of expression of the S-phase-specific H3 gene. This method can distinguish whether an increased expression of G1 genes is truly due to deregulation or simply reflects an increase in the fraction of proliferating cells. In a normal asynchronous system provided by the bone marrow cells of three normal donors, the expressions of the four G1-specific genes 2A9, 2F1, 4F1, and c-myc, and of the S-phase-specific gene H3 were in ratios that differed little from one individual to another. In the total RNA of eight patients in the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, a high level of expression of G1 cell-cycle genes was paralleled by a high level of expression of the S-phase H3 gene, simply reflecting an increase in the fraction of proliferating cells. In patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the RNA levels of 2F1 and 4F1 paralleled the expression of H3-i.e., the ratios of expression 2F1/H3 and 4F1/H3 were the same as in normal bone marrow cells. However, in 9 of 10 patients with AML we found that the expression of c-myc was elevated with respect to H3 expression. The expression of 2A9 (with respect to H3) was also elevated in some of these AML patients. Two important conclusions can be drawn from these findings: increased levels of a G1-specific RNA in a tumor may not indicate overexpression of that gene but may instead simply reflect the fraction of proliferating cells; and in some patients with AML, however, the expression of certain G1 genes is truly deregulated and might contribute to the impairment of proliferative control that is associated with this phenotype.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1986

Malignant melanoma of the vulva: a clinical-pathologic review of 16 cases.

A study of 16 malignant melanomas of the vulva was undertaken to identify the histologic variants found on the vulva and to evaluate the use of microstaging as a predictor of behavior. Ten of 16 cases were melanoma of mucous membrane (MMM) type of acral lentiginous melanoma. This percentage (63%) is notably higher than in previous reports. Three cases were nodular melanoma (NM). All lesions of MMM and NM type occurred on mucous membranes. Three cases were superficial spreading melanoma and all occurred on skin. Neurotropism was observed in 5 of the 10 MMM. Neurotropic melanoma has been reported only once previously in the vulva. Depth of the melanomas was greater than 1.0 mm in 13 of the 16 cases. This correlated with Clark and Chung levels of 3 or higher in the same 13 cases. A poor outcome with an overall 5 year survival of 20% of cases with invasive disease was found. The poor outcome and large number of thick lesions would suggest a correlation, but the distribution is skewed and number of cases too small for statistical documentation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Outbreak of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae with an African connection.

Previous outbreaks of penicillinase-producing gonococcal infection in the United States have generally been attributed to importation of Southeast Asian strains. During July 1982 through July 1983, 110 cases of gonorrhea caused by penicillinase-producing strains were reported in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. Among the 53 infected women, 14 (26%) had pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Compared to other infected women, those with PID experienced a greater delay from the time of last sexual exposure (19.1 vs 8.1 days) to receipt of appropriate antibiotic therapy (P less than .01). At least 22 prostitutes were involved in the outbreak. Sixteen (76%) of 21 isolates tested were serogroup 1A; 15 required arginine and proline for growth; and 17 (81%) possessed a 3.2 megadalton plasmid. Our data suggest that this outbreak was associated with both African and Southeast Asian strains.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Expression of growth-regulated genes in human acute leukemias.

We have investigated the expression of six growth-regulated genes (c-myc, c-myb, p53, 4F1, 2F1, and ornithine decarboxylase) and the S-phase-specific histone H3 gene in acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cells. We have purposely chosen three growth-regulated protooncogenes that share similar biological features and three gene sequences that have in common the cell cycle dependence of their expression in cells of different tissue and in different species. The level of expression was determined by measuring the amounts of specific RNA by Northern blot analysis. Levels of expression of the six growth-regulated genes were compared to the level of expression of the S-phase-specific H3 gene and among themselves. This method distinguishes the increased expression of a growth-regulated gene due to a true altered activation from over-expression which simply reflects an increase in the fraction of cycling cells. We have found that six of 14 patients with acute leukemias have markedly high ratios of c-myc/H3, c-myc/p53, and c-myc/c-myb expression. Two patients with altered c-myc expression have also a high ratio p53/H3. Within the group of cell cycle-dependent genes the ratios of expression seem in the overall much more regular with the clear exception of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia in which the ratios 4F1/H3 and 2F1/H3 are significantly increased. A possible interpretation of these findings is that the fraction of noncycling leukemic cells that often constitute the majority of the entire leukemic population is in some cases in a true resting state, whereas in other cases heterogeneous degrees of growth arrest might occur. The altered expression of c-myc seems the feature most commonly associated with this putative growth arrest of leukemic cells suggesting that this gene may contribute to the impairment of proliferative control that is associated with the leukemic phenotype.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Use of tracheloscopy and directed biopsy for evaluating cervical involvement in endometrial carcinoma.

Accurate assessment of cervical involvement in endometrial carcinoma (stage II) is often difficult. The value of tracheloscopy as a possible method for improving accuracy was assessed. One hundred one patients with endometrial carcinoma were studied; 28 were suspected of having cervical involvement on endocervical curettage, and 26 were evaluable. Only five patients were documented to have cervical involvement using tracheloscopy. This finding suggests that there is general overtreatment of patients with false-positive endocervical curettage. However, a definitive statement concerning the incidence of stage II disease in the series cannot be made because many patients received traditional preoperative radiation therapy, which may have eradicated intracervical disease missed by tracheloscopy, therefore falsely confirming stage 1 disease on history from subsequent hysterectomy specimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Diagnosis of endometrial cancer.

Screening and initial diagnosis of endometrial cancer can be accomplished by cytologic or histologic sampling techniques when these are positive for malignant cells. When they are negative, the evaluation of the symptomatic patient requires further diagnostic procedures. Fractional dilatation and curettage remains the most reliable method and can begin to establish extent of disease. When dilatation and curettage results are negative in the symptomatic patient, hysterography or hysteroscopy can help identify lesions missed by curettage. Once the diagnosis has been established, a careful search for metastatic disease begins with careful pelvic examination and chest X-ray. When the endocervical curettage contains tumor cells, tracheloscopy and contact hysteroscopy can identify those patients with true endocervical involvement. Preoperative computed axial tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging can direct a thin needle biopsy to prove metastatic disease when enlarged nodes are seen. These imaging techniques can also identify and localize highly suspicious nodes to be biopsied at surgery. Because of a high rate of false negativity, neither of these imaging techniques can exclude the presence of metastatic disease. If CT scanning is done, liver-spleen scan and intravenous pyelography may not be necessary as additional studies. In the absence of CT scanning, intravenous pyelography should be done as a routine, and liver-spleen scanning if liver function tests or physical examination indicate abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging and isotope scanning may be useful in the future but are not readily available yet. Surgical evaluation must include removal of the uterus, tubes and ovaries, sampling of the pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, and cytology on washings of the pelvic cavity for determination of the extent of disease and of factors placing the patient at high risk for disseminated metastases. Histopathologic evaluation of depth of myometrial invasion, presence of occult cervical involvement and lymph node metastasis and grade of tumor complete the identification of high-risk disease. Speedy and accurate evaluation and diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and extent of disease can direct timely treatment and offer the patient the best chance for survival.

Dilatation and Curettage↗