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Biomedical subjects

A Watanabe

Publications and source records attributed to A Watanabe.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (IV). Antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in the Tohoku District of Japan].

We determined the MICs of ampicillin, methicillin, cefaclor, cefixime, cefteram, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against a total of 1,448 strains from 11 species: 464 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 306 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 114 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 37 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, 329 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 32 strains of Escherichia coli, 66 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 26 strains of Enterobacter cloacae, 20 strains of Serratia marcescens, 12 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 42 strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, isolated from the throat swab and the sputum of 2,539 patients with respiratory infections who visited 21 private clinics in Tohoku district of Japan during the period from January to April in 1989. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were more active against S. aureus, B. catarrhalis, P. aeruginosa and A. calcoaceticus than other antibiotics. Ampicillin and cefteram were more active against S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes than other antibiotics. New-quinolones and cephems of new-generation were active against H. influenzae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae and S. marcescens. Of 30 strains of S. aureus which were resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml) to ampicillin, only one strain was resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml) to methicillin. Twenty strains (6.5%) of S. pneumoniae and 49 strains (14.9%) of H. influenzae were resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 1.56 micrograms/ml) to ampicillin. Of 101 strains of H. influenzae of which their beta-lactamase activity was determined by Nitrocephin-method, 27 (26.7%) were beta-lactamase-positive strains. The above results indicated that MRSA is only rarely found in primary care clinics but the incidence of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae in primary care clinics is almost the same as that of the intensive care clinic, i.e. medical school-affiliated hospitals. Therefore caution should be exercised as regards antibiotic resistance of the causative organism even in primary care clinics.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1990

Adjuvant mitomycin-C prolongs survival time of patients undergoing extensive en bloc resection of carcinoma of the stomach invading the adjacent organs.

We retrospectively examined the long-term results of adjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin-C (MMC) in 50 patients with gastric carcinoma invading the adjacent organs. All patients underwent gastrectomy and en bloc multiple resection of the invaded organs, with the intent of a potential cure. Evidence of direct invasion was confirmed histologically. These patients were classified into 3 groups, according to the dose schedule of MMC: 12 received prolonged, intermittent administration of the drug, in a total dose of 40 mg or more (group A); 19 were given a bolus injection at the time of surgery and/or on the following day, in a total dose of less than 40 mg (group B), and 19 were given no anticancer drugs (group C). These 3 groups were comparable with regard to various prognostic factors. The 5-year survival rates were 50, 32 and 17% in groups A, B and C, respectively. There was a statistical difference in survival between groups A and C (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that extensive en bloc resection plus intensive adjuvant chemotherapy prolong the survival time for those with gastric carcinoma invading the adjacent organs.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1990

Allergen-induced biphasic bronchoconstriction in rats.

The development of an allergic bronchoconstriction model in rats is described. In actively sensitized Donryu strain rats, there was a remarkable biphasic increase in airway resistance within 10 min after antigen challenge on day 9 to day 21. The increase in airway resistance, correlated with the IgE titer and the dose of antigen, was inhibited by disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) or by aminophylline. This bronchoconstriction was remarkably blocked by methysergide (25 and 100 micrograms/kg) while pyrilamine inhibited it partially at the same dose. Serotonin (greater than 30 micrograms/kg) but not histamine (less than 1,000 micrograms/kg) induced a bronchoconstriction. FPL-55712 (1,10 mg/kg) inhibited it significantly. The content of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in plasma increased during the bronchoconstriction while the content of peptide-leukotrienes (p-LTs) in plasma did not increase significantly. OKY-046 inhibited not only allergic bronchoconstriction but also the increase in TxB2 levels in plasma. The late phase of the bronchoconstriction was more susceptible to OKY-046. In conclusion, this model seems to be useful for the screening of antiasthma drugs because of a relationship with the dose of antigen, IgE titer and the susceptibility to an antiallergic drug or a bronchodilator. It is demonstrated that the major part of this allergic bronchoconstriction depends on serotonin, and it is also suggested that thromboxane A2 may play an important role in the late phase of the bronchoconstriction.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1990

[Study of crystalline drugs by means of a polarizing microscope. XI. Analysis of the particle size distribution of a principle agent in a trituration of phenytoin].

By the immersion method with a polarizing microscope a principle agent phenytoin was identified from its 10 times trituration containing vehicles such as lactose and starch. A particle size distribution of phenytoin crystals in its trituration was determined by observing one of the habit parameters b from all the detectable particles of phenytoin under a microscope in a suspension of an immersion oil, nD: 1.555, in which phenytoin crystals having key refractive indexes, n1: 1.606, n2: 1.631, were clearly detectable from other vehicles. By the similarity of crystal habits in the same lot the particle size distribution of phenytoin crystals in its trituration was calculated from the values of observed parameter b and average values of habit coefficients, T(square root of ab/c): 2.004, L(b/a): 2.545, which were obtained from some previously identified phenytoin crystals.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1990

Duodenal mucosal hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Clinical studies show that patients with liver cirrhosis associated with portal hypertension have a high incidence of duodenal ulcer and duodenitis. However, little information is available concerning pathophysiological process of such duodenal diseases in liver cirrhosis. Hemodynamics of the duodenal mucosa was studied in cirrhotics with esophageal varices (68 cases) and in noncirrhotics with non-ulcer dyspepsia (37 cases) as well. In each group, hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral venous blood was measured, and mucosal hemodynamics was examined in 4 regions of the duodenum by endoscopic reflectance spectrophotometer. No significant intergroup difference was noted in the mean age or sex ratio. Hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral venous blood was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the cirrhotics. There were no significant intergroup differences in duodenal mucosal blood volume. However, the cirrhotics showed significantly lower oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in all regions of the duodenum (p less than 0.01). These results show that the cirrhotics with esophageal varices had relative increase in blood volume and decrease in oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the duodenal mucosa. Such microcirculatory disturbances seem to predispose liver cirrhosis patients to duodenal injury.

Blood Volume↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on post and core for the effect of the height of remained coronal tooth structure].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the height of remained coronal tooth structure on the retention of post and core. This study was directed to detect micro-separation after application of intermittent compressive force using India ink. 130 extracted human teeth were prepared for samples, and complete cast gold crowns were cemented with zinc-phosphate cement on the two types of post and core: composite resin core with steel post, cast core and dowel. Conclusions were as follows: 1. Application of force to the crown on the tooth which lost coronal structure caused micro-separation between the tooth and the core. 2. The height of remained intact coronal tooth structure was effective to increase in the retention of post and core.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1990

Active and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in WBB6F1 mouse, a mast cell-deficient strain.

WBB6F1 mouse, a mast cell-deficient strain, was tested for active and passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions. Active cutaneous anaphylaxis was not produced in mice which had been immunized for 1 to 2 weeks by an intraperitoneal injection of bovine serum albumin with either adjuvant, Freund's complete adjuvant or Bordetella pertussis organisms, even though circulatory IgE and IgG1 antibodies were raised. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) was also absent, when the mice had been sensitized with allogeneic IgE or IgG1 monoclonal antibodies. However, obvious PCA was produced when allogeneic or xenogeneic hyperimmune serum was employed. These findings indicate that mast cells are not necessarily needed for the production of PCA. Some mechanism quite different from the well-elucidated mechanism, i.e., IgE- or IgG1 antibody-triggered histamine release from mast cells, seems to be operative.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Lack of gene deletion for complement C4A deficiency in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

The frequency of C4A gene deletion was studied in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and was compared with healthy controls. DNA preparations were extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from 59 patients with SLE and from 166 healthy persons, and digested by restriction enzymes. They were hybridized with C4 complementary DNA by the Southern blotting method and the deletion of C4A gene was judged from restriction fragment length polymorphism. At the same time phenotypic C4A deficiency (C4AQ0) was measured. Our results showed that the frequency of phenotypic C4A deficiency was 44.1% in Japanese patients with SLE and this value was comparable with that (43.2%) in Caucasian patients. On the other hand the deletion of C4A gene was not found in Japanese patients with SLE (0%), or in healthy controls (0.6%). Our results indicate that C4AQ0 may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE beyond the ethnical differences but Japanese patients with SLE have a different genetic background from Caucasian patients with the C4A gene deleted.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

[Another mishap with Mera-F Circuit: a break in the socket].

Troubles with the inspiratory limb have been noted with the reuse of the Mera-F Circuit. However, to our knowledge there have been no reports of the mishap in socket that is made of polycarbonate material. The case we present is a mishap due to the fracture of socket with the reuse of the circuit under general anesthesia. After the operation, the breaks were discovered in four of six other circuits reused. Although the cause of the break is unknown, it is speculated that enflurane or ethylene oxide gas may impair the polycarbonate material. Clinically, we recommend that Mera-F Circuit should be inspected carefully before its reuse.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1990

High dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for limited small cell lung cancer.

UNLABELLED: In 1980 we initiated a pilot study of high dose chemotherapy intensified with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for seven patients with limited small cell lung cancer. Six patients were given the ABMT initially while one male patient received the ABMT late to intensify three courses of induction therapy. He further received radiotherapy and underwent a left pneumonectomy and adoptive immunotherapy, because the presence of residual tumor cells, and has maintained disease-free survival for over 117 weeks. Among the first six patients there were two with complete responses, two with partial responses and one who experienced no change, a total response rate of 80%. One patient died of cardiac tamponade at day 7 and could not be evaluated. The median survival time of 41 (range 34-108) weeks was not encouraging. IN CONCLUSION: an increased drug dose with ABMT to intensify the chemotherapy provided disappointing results both when the ABMT was used initially and when it was given late, after induction chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A combined anti-emesis therapy of oral prednisolone and alprazolam for cisplatin-induced delayed emesis].

To evaluate the efficacy of a combined therapy of prednisolone and alprazolam for controlling cisplatin-induced delayed emesis, a study involving 14 non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving cisplatin (80 mg/m2) was conducted. Seven of these patients were given oral prednisolone at a dose of 30 mg/day for 5 days, then, 15 mg/day for 2 days, and with alprazolam at a dose 1.2 mg/day for 7 days. The other 7 patients were given an oral metoclopramide at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 5 days, and at 0.5 mg/kg/day for 2 days. All patients received 2 courses of chemotherapy and the same assigned regimen. Five of the 7 patients who had received prednisolone and alprazolam experienced no emesis, in contrast to only 1 patient who experienced no emesis from taking oral metoclopramide (p less than 0.05). Further, the duration of anorexia was shorter in those who received oral prednisolone with alprazolam. Thus, a combined therapy of oral prednisolone and alprazolam appears to be effective for controlling cisplatin-induced delayed emesis. Further evaluation and study, however, are necessary.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[A case of Goodpasture's syndrome with IgA antibasement membrane antibody].

This is a very rare case report of Goodpasture's syndrome with IgA antibasement membrane antibody. A 43-year old male was admitted because of severe dyspnea with slight hemoptysis. Chest X-ray demonstrated extensive bilateral infiltrates with air bronchogram, predominantly in the right lung. Laboratory data on admission showed severe anemia and moderate renal impairment. The pulmonary infiltrates resolved spontaneously within 10 days. Goodpasture's syndrome or collagen vascular disease was suspected and he underwent a percutaneous renal and transbronchial lung biopsy. The renal biopsy showed crescent formation affecting 70-80% of glomeruli. Linear IgA deposits, but not IgG, were demonstrated along the glomerular basement membrane by the direct immunofluorescence procedure. The lung biopsy contained many hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the lumen of the alveoli and showed mild thickening of alveolar walls. However, linear immunoglobulin deposits on the alveolar capillary basement membrane were not demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence. The diagnosis of Goodpasture's syndrome with IgA antibasement membrane antibody was made. His serum was negative for antibasement antibody by indirect immunofluorescence. He was treated with prednisone, 30 mg daily. His pulmonary symptoms and anemia improved markedly, but his renal function did not change. Thirteen months after his first admission, he suffered from severe bacterial pneumonia, which was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. He died of respiratory failure. Autopsy was rejected.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of long-term survival of a patient with complicated diffuse metastatic leptomeningeal carcinomatosis secondary to lung adenocarcinoma].

A case of long-term survival of a female patient with complicated diffuse metastatic leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (DMLC) secondary to lung cancer is reported. A 36-year-old woman, hospitalized with a chief complaint of headache and unproductive cough, was diagnosed as having primary lung adenocarcinoma (T4N1M1 oss) and was given systemic chemotherapy. Although progressive deterioration of her headache continued, repeated neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, and cranial CT scans failed to show evidence of metastasis to the central nervous system, and the only finding suggesting CNS involvement was an elevated CEA level in CSF. Later in the course of her treatment, the patient suddenly lost her vision and subsequently consciousness due to acute increased intracranial pressure, and emergency ventricular drainage was performed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Malignant cells were found in CSF obtained from a ventricular drainage and she was treated successfully by systemic and intrathecal chemotherapeutic agents. She was discharged after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation for hydrocephalus; a double-dome reservoir was used for continuous intrathecal administration of the anticancer drugs, and a shunt filter was located in the tube to prevent the dissemination of cancer cells. In addition to methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside, ACNU and interleukin-2 were administered intrathecally without serious adverse effects, but no apparent therapeutic effects were noted either. She survived over 2 years after DMLC was first diagnosed. At autopsy DMLC secondary to lung adenocarcinoma was confirmed, but no evidence of leukoencephalopathy due to aggressive intrathecal chemotherapy was found. Current therapy for patients with DMLC and its clinical problems are discussed in relation to our experience in this case.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Coronary artery bypass in dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis--a case report].

A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital by ambulance, because of right chest pain and hypotension. Chest X-ray and standard 12-lead ECG showed mirror-image dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis. ECG with right-left reversal of all leads showed acute inferior myocardial infarction. The patient underwent coronary bypass surgery due to postinfarction angina, and she is now doing well 2 years following the operation. Mirror-image dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis is very unusual. But the patients are believed to have normal longevity, and presumably have an incidence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease similar to the general population. To our knowledge, this is the first case of coronary bypass surgery on a patient with mirror-image dextrocardia in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Intraperitoneal administration of the biological response modifier OK-432 and peritoneal recurrence following gastrectomy.

In patients with gastric cancer invading the serosa, there is often peritoneal dissemination. In an attempt to control such peritoneal recurrences, OK-432, a compound composed of penicillin G-treated, attenuated Streptococcus pyogens of human origin, was administered intraperitoneally at the time of gastrectomy. The non-specific antitumor activity of the peritoneal macrophages was investigated for its cytostatic activity against the cultured human lung cancer cell line, QG-90. OK-432 given intraperitoneally significantly increased the number of the peritoneal macrophages (p less than 0.05), and also enhanced the cytostatic activity (p less than 0.01). On the basis of these findings, OK-432 IP after gastrectomy was given to 13 of 68 patients with gastric cancer invading the serosa and who underwent curative resection. The five-year survival rate of patients given the drug was 63.5%, while the rate was 52.9% in those not given the drug. OK-432 IP seemed to be effective when lymph node involvement was nil or limited to around the area of the stomach. The peritoneal recurrence rate was, however, not affected by OK-432 IP. Elevation of body temperature and some dehydration were the only observed side effects of OK-432. In attempts to control peritoneal recurrences in patients with gastric cancer invading the serosa, randomized controlled trials on OK-432 IP are now being designed.

Adenocarcinoma↗