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Biomedical subjects

A Watanabe

Publications and source records attributed to A Watanabe.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Laser treatment for poor-risk patients with early gastric cancer: post treatment pathology.

Two patients with early gastric carcinoma and who were poor surgical risks underwent gastrectomy following repeated laser endoscopy. Pathological findings of the resected stomach were reviewed. Lesions in both patients were ulcerative, with evidence of destruction of the muscularis mucosae caused by laser irradiation. Complete coagulation did not occur in the case of infiltrative-type involvement of the submucosal layer. Gastrectomy was carried out when the clinical status improved and both patients are now cancer-free. We propose that laser treatment for early gastric cancer should be considered for poor-risk patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[The change of extra vascular lung water volume in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer].

In 27 operations on esophageal cancer, extra vascular lung water (EVLW) was used as pre- and postoperative parameter in the control of the respiratory function. The cases were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 6 cases with pulmonary complications and group II, 21 cases without them. The changes of EVLW and the circulatory and respiratory parameters were compared between 2 groups. Preoperative EVLWs were 5.56 +/- 0.67 ml/kg in group I and 5.76 +/- 0.41 ml/kg in group II. The immediate postoperative EVLWs were 6.65 +/- 1.90 ml/kg in group I and 4.86 +/- 0.31 ml/kg in group II, but the difference was insignificant. Beyond the 12th hour of the postoperative period there was no significant difference in the EVLW levels of groups I and II. In group II the immediate postoperative EVLW was significantly less than the preoperative value. Only 2 cases had pulmonary edema. The immediate postoperative EVLWs of these patients were extremely elevated as compared with the preoperative value. Many reports said EVLW correlated with colloid osmotic pressure-pulmonary wedge pressure gradient or PaO2, but in our cases EVLW did not correlate with any parameter. From these results, it was assumed EVLW was the good parameter for early diagnosis and management of pulmonary complication after surgery for esophageal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Infiltration of dendritic cells in relation to tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis in human gastric cancer.

The infiltration of dendritic cells determined in 210 patients with gastric carcinoma was investigated from the standpoint of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis. Dendritic cell infiltration was graded as "slight" and "marked." The 39% frequency in the marked infiltration group at the mucosal stage did not change in proportion to invasion into the deeper layers. The 5-year survival rate was 60.4% in patients with marked infiltration and 38.8% in those with slight infiltration, which was statistically different (P less than 0.01). The difference in survival rates was only statistically significant in those with cancer emerging from the serosa (P less than 0.001). There was a similar incidence of lymph node metastasis between the marked and slight infiltration groups in each grade of tumor invasion. However, marked infiltration of dendritic cells prevented widespread nodal involvement beyond the primary node in cases of advanced carcinoma (P less than 0.05). These findings indicate that infiltrating dendritic cells do not prevent the spread of tumor invasion but do prevent nodal involvement; therefore, for patients with a gastric cancer emerging from the serosa, the prognosis will be good.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Expression of a catalytically active polypeptide of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha subunit in Escherichia coli.

Two cDNAs, one containing the entire coding region of alpha subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) and the other containing only its protein kinase domain, were separately ligated into the bacterial expression vector pET3a and expressed in Escherichia coli. The activity of the recombinant alpha subunit protein was dependent on Ca2+/calmodulin, whereas the activity of the recombinant protein containing only the protein kinase domain (recombinant alpha-I protein) was absolutely independent of Ca2+/calmodulin. These proteins showed similar enzymatic properties to brain CaM kinase II with some minor differences. These results directly demonstrated that the protein kinase domain alone without the rest of the subunit was sufficient to exhibit its activity.

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases↗
PubMed1990

Production of active and passive anaphylactic shock in the WBB6F1 mouse, a mast cell-deficient strain.

The role of mast cells in active and passive anaphylactic shock was examined using the WBB6F1 mouse, a genetically mast cell-deficient strain. Lethal anaphylactic shock occurred at high incidence rates in mice actively sensitized to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The reaction was specific to BSA since the shock could not be elicited by human or guinea pig serum albumin in these animals. Lethal shock could be prevented by CV-3988 but not by cyproheptadine, which suggests that the shock is mediated by PAF but not by histamine and serotonin. Similarly, lethal shock was provoked by homologous antigens in mice which had been passively sensitized with allogeneic anti-benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) IgG1 monoclonal antibody or with allogeneic or xenogeneic anti-BSA antiserum, but not in those sensitized with allogeneic anti-BPO IgE monoclonal antibody. These findings suggest that mast cells are not necessarily required for anaphylactic shock in the mouse.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of pyrimidine nucleotide synthetic enzymes involved in 5-fluorouracil metabolism between human adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas.

The activities of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), cytidine triphosphate (CTP) synthetase, deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP) deaminase, thymidine monophosphate (dTMP) kinase, uridine (Urd) kinase, thymidine (dThd) kinase, Urd and dThd phosphorylases, and DNA polymerase were examined in the eight human lung squamous cell carcinomas and five lung adenocarcinomas, and five tumor-adjacent normal lung tissues. All of these enzymes are involved in pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. The metabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was determined. The levels of these enzymes, except for OPRT, were high in tumor tissues and almost the same between lung squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, with no statistical difference. The activities for phosphorylation and degradation of 5-FU were similar in each tissue type of tumor. As 5-FU is incorporated into tumor cells and is metabolized actively to 5-FU nucleotides in squamous cell carcinoma tissues, at almost the same level seen in adenocarcinoma tissues, this drug should have a wide clinical application.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Induction of platelet Ca2+ influx and mobilization by a monoclonal antibody to CD9 antigen.

We found that a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to CD9 antigen, PMA2, induced a rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in fura-2-loaded platelets, and we examined whether this response was due to direct action of PMA2 on CD9 antigen. The rise in [Ca2+]i was dependent on the PMA2 concentration, irrespective of the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. The role of secreted adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thromboxane in the [Ca2+]i response to PMA2 was studied using creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase (CP/CPK) and aspirin. Combined treatment with CP/CPK and aspirin abolished the rise in [Ca2+]i, although either CP/CPK or aspirin alone produced only partial inhibition. Inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion and thromboxane B2 synthesis by an MoAb to the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, PMA1, resulted in little [Ca2+]i response to PMA2. In contrast, thrombasthenic platelets, in which ATP secretion and thromboxane B2 synthesis were normal, showed a normal [Ca2+]i response. When PMA2 was added to CD9+ mononuclear cells, no rise in [Ca2+]i was observed. Thus, we conclude that binding of monoclonal immunoglobulin G molecules to the CD9 antigen raises [Ca2+]i through the effect of secreted ADP and thromboxane on platelets, and that CD9 antigen is not directly involved in induction of Ca2+ influx and mobilization.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of concomitant use of anticancer drugs and a Ca2+ antagonist, on human gastric cancer transplanted into nude mice].

We examined the effect of concomitant use of anticancer drugs such as Carmofur or 5-FU and Nicardipine, a Ca2+ antagonist, on human gastric cancer transplanted into nude mice, and obtained the following results: 1. Combined administration of Carmofur or 5-FU together with Nicardipine caused potentiation of an antitumor effect. 2. After Carmofur was used together with Nicardipine, the FU level in the tumor tissue was significantly elevated. In conclusion, it was found that in the combined use of Carmofur or 5-FU together with Nicardipine, a Ca2+ antagonist, caused a higher level of the FU in tumor tissue and potentiation of an antitumor effect on human gastric cancer transplanted into nude mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The cerebral circulation in cases of carotid cavernous fistula. Findings of single photon emission computed tomography.

Ten patients with carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) were reviewed. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) study was performed in six patients with fast flow shunt. Five of these six patients with fast flow shunt angiographically demonstrated cortical venous drainage, and two of these patients suffered intracerebral hemorrhage. The rCBF decreased in the region demonstrating the cortical venous drainage in five patients, and in one patient the angiography demonstrated arterial steal and the rCBF decreased in a part of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. SPECT proved to be useful in assessing the cerebral circulation in cases of CCF.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Elevation of serum type IV collagen-degrading enzyme in hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis.

The activity of serum type IV collagen-degrading enzyme was measured in 21 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and the changes in the enzyme activity were investigated with respect to metastasis. The activity of serum type IV collagen-degrading enzyme did not increase until tumor invasion to the portal vein and intrahepatic metastasis were clearly detected ultrasonographically. Activities did not increase during the observation period in patients whose tumor grew slowly and did not invade the portal vein. Thus, the enzyme activity increases in relation to the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and may be useful to detect ongoing metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Pathology of excessive iron storage in the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens).

Iron deposition in the tissues of 30 Afghan pikas (Ochotona rufescens rufescens) was examined histopathologically. In all cases, iron deposits were present in the liver and in two-thirds of cases, there was portal fibrosis with tissue injury. In animals, in general, tissue injury induced by iron overload is usually mild and only in a few exceptional species does hepatic haemochromatosis occur. Thus, Afghan pikas are a rare example of reaction to iron overloading.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A new technique in endoscopic ultrasonography of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) of the upper GI tract was unsuccessful in 42 out of 274 patients (15%) due to inaccurate guidance of the probe to small, shallow lesions, or to difficulty in clearly demonstrating the surrounding layer structure and boundary of the lesion. We applied the saline injection technique in these 42 patients. Saline was injected into the submucosal layer of the esophagogastric wall. The ultrasonographic image of adjacent saline accurately guided the probe to the lesion. Injected saline enabled the mucosal layer to be distinguished from the muscularis propria surrounding the lesion and provided clear ultrasonographic imaging of the boundary between the lesion and the surrounding layer structure. This new method was found to be effective in 38 out of 42 patients in whom EUS was unsuccessful. A study comparing the depth of tumor invasion diagnosed by the saline injection technique with histological findings obtained in 12 cases showed good correlation. These results indicate that the saline injection technique would seem to be very useful as an adjuvant to conventional EUS.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1990

Bronchoscopic and cytopathological findings of tracheobronchial involvement in esophageal carcinoma.

To evaluate the usefulness of bronchoscopic and cytopathologic examinations for tracheobronchial involvement of esophageal carcinoma, we reviewed 14 cases of esophageal carcinoma suspected of tracheobronchial invasion. Two cases underwent bronchoscopy for postoperative respiratory symptoms, and both revealed endotracheal tumor growth and proved positive at brush cytology and biopsy. Among nine cases submitted to preoperative examination, bronchoscopy showed only protrusion in four cases, and redness with mucosal protrusion in five cases. Two of the latter evidenced cancer cells on brushing specimen, and their prognosis was poor. The remaining three cases underwent bronchoscopy for preoperative severe respiratory symptoms. Tumor growth was noted in two of them, and cytology or biopsy was positive. We conclude that bronchoscopy for tracheobronchial involvement of esophageal carcinoma plays a major role in the diagnosis of extra-esophageal extension. Because of the anatomical situation, biopsy is sometimes difficult. Brush cytology is important in the case of mucosal protrusion and redness.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

An acute form of tyrosinemia type I with multiple intrahepatic mass lesions.

The acute form of tyrosinemia type I usually causes severe hepatocellular dysfunction. We report a 4-month-old infant with hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, and multiple intrahepatic mass lesions mimicking hepatoma. A marked increase of serum alpha-fetoprotein (97.6 micrograms/ml) and multiple small low-density lesions in the liver demonstrated by computed tomography suggested the presence of hepatoma. The liver specimens obtained at laparatomy showed mixed nodular cirrhosis with fatty metamorphosis. Serum levels of tyrosine (6.6 mg/100 ml) and methionine (5.9 mg/100 ml) were increased. Urinary organic acid analyses disclosed increased excretions of succinylacetone (1,330 mg/g creatinine) and delta-amino-levulinic acid (113.6 mg/g creatinine). Histological abnormalities and biochemical evidences led to the correct diagnosis. This case emphasizes the need for complete investigations of puzzling cases and warns against undue reliance on noninvasive imaging techniques.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on respiratory infections in primary care clinic (III). Distribution of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in the Tohoku District of Japan].

The bacteriology of the isolates from the throat swab and the sputum respectively of 2,539 patients with respiratory infections visiting 21 private clinics in Tohoku district of Japan during the period from January to April in 1989 was documented. Of the 2,539 patients, 1,694 had an acute upper respiratory infection, 609 had acute bronchitis, 46 had acute pneumonia, 84 had acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory infections and 106 had respiratory infections without diagnosis registered. 1887 (74.3%) strains of potential pathogens were recovered from 1507 (59.4%) of the 2539 cases. The rate of recovery of potential pathogens was very high in patients of the younger age. These patients had elevated body-temperature. There were statistically significant differences in recovery rate when classified by diagnosis, prefecture and the period of investigation. Of the 1,887 strains, 996 (52.8%) were gram-positive and 891 (47.2%) were gram-negative bacteria. The rate of recovery of gram-negative bacteria was high in patients who were less than 10 years old and more than 51 years old, in patients with pneumonia and chronic respiratory infections, and in patients with fever. Of the 1,887 strains, those which exceeded 100 were Staphylococcus aureus (481 strains), Haemophilus influenzae (340 strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (329 strains), Streptococcus pyogenes (117 strains) and Acinetobacter spp. (100 strains). Species other than those mentioned above had less than 100 strains. In this group there were 39 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, 32 strains of Escherichia coli, 97 strains of Klebsiella spp., 40 strains of Enterobacter spp., 25 strains of Serratia spp., 12 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 43 strains of Pseudomonas putida. There was a remarkable difference in recovery rate of each species when classified by diagnosis, age class, prefecture and the period of investigation, respectively. The above results indicated that gram-positive bacteria are more frequent than gram-negative bacteria, that enterobacteriaceae and glucose-non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria are only rarely found in primary care clinics, and that the bacteriology in primary care clinic is different from that of medical school-affiliated hospitals.

Adolescent↗