Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Svensson

Publications and source records attributed to A Svensson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Assessing the extent of the HIV epidemic in Sweden, using information on the extent to which people who develop AIDS are already known to be HIV infected.

In Sweden, cases of both HIV infection and AIDS are registered. By looking at the extent to which people who develop AIDS are already known to be HIV-infected, we can assess the coverage of the HIV registration. It was found that virtually all those who were infected by injecting themselves with drugs, blood transfusions, blood products or congenitally were already known to be infected when AIDS developed. However, when homosexual or heterosexual transmission had occurred, 20.5% and 33.3% respectively of these cases were not previously known. Working with different assumptions regarding the development of the epidemic, we find that the true number of sexually infected people is roughly twice the number of registered HIV-infected people in these groups. Our estimate is that between 3300 and 6300 people were infected with HIV in Sweden up till the end of 1990.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Skin rashes and stomatitis due to parenteral treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with sodium aurothiomalate.

In a prospective study of 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis mucocutaneous symptoms and signs were evaluated before and during treatment with intramuscular sodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin). The work, performed in close collaboration between dermatology and rheumatology departments, showed that there was no significant increase in mucocutaneous side effects in patients with pre-existing mucocutaneous disease. It is concluded that pre-existing dermatitis is not a contraindication for treatment with gold salts and that a previous mucocutaneous reaction to gold salts is not an absolute contraindication for a new trial of chrysotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A novel dithranol formulation in the over night treatment of psoriasis at home.

The objective of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and acceptability of two dithranol creams (Micanol and Amitase) in patients with plaque type psoriasis treating themselves daily at home. Thirty-five patients started with Amitase (0.1%) and 37 with Micanol (0.1%) applied at night in this 6-week single-blind parallel groups comparison study. Patients who responded more slowly than a theoretically estimated "standard" rate of improvement had their concentration increased to 0.25% at the visit after 2 or 4 weeks. By the end of the study slightly more than half of the number of patients remained on 0.1%. There was no difference between the treatment groups. In comparison with the level at start the composite sign severity score for patients in the Amitase group was reduced by 24% after 1 week, 36% after 2 weeks, 49% after 4 weeks and 62% after 6 weeks. The reduction in the Micanol group was similar. Patients in the Micanol group showed after 1 week of treatment more irritative reactions than patients in the Amitase group. At all follow-up visits, staining of perilesional skin was more prevalent in the Micanol group. Staining of clothing was, however, far more prevalent and severe for patients given the Amitase cream. It may be concluded that Micanol is an important alternative for home treatment of psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Synergistic interactions between muscarinic antagonists, adrenergic agonists and NMDA antagonists with respect to locomotor stimulatory effects in monoamine-depleted mice.

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of simultaneous manipulations of central cholinergic, adrenergic and glutamatergic systems on locomotion in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Mice were deprived of their monoamine stores by pretreatment with the monoamine depleter reserpine and the catecholamine synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, given 18 h and 60 min, respectively, before the acute experiment. Traditionally, only dopaminergic agonists have been shown to reverse the akinesia thus produced. However, in the present study it is demonstrated that if a muscarine receptor antagonist (atropine or biperiden) is combined with an alpha-adrenergic agonist/alpha-adrenergic agonist precursor (clonidine or L-alpha-methyl-dopa), a marked locomotor stimulation can be achieved, although either agent given alone is ineffective. Adding an NMDA antagonist (MK-801, ketamine or SDZ EAA 494) to the combination biperiden + clonidine resulted in further potentiation of the locomotor stimulatory effects.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1991

Synergistic interactions between the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine and the preferential dopamine autoreceptor antagonists (+)-AJ 76 and (+)-UH 232 with regard to locomotor stimulation in monoamine-depleted mice.

When administered to mice pretreated with the monoamine-depleter reserpine and the catecholamine synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, the preferential autoreceptor antagonists (+)-AJ76 and (+)-UH 232 induced weak locomotor stimulation. When either (+)-AJ 76 or (+)-UH 232 was combined with a subthreshold dose of the selective NMDA antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801), a marked locomotor stimulation was produced in monoamine-depleted mice. The mechanism of this stimulation, although reduced by dopamine antagonists, remains to be clarified.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1991

A comparison between the non-competitive NMDA antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) and the competitive NMDA antagonist D-CPPene with regard to dopamine turnover and locomotor-stimulatory properties in mice.

Following intraperitoneal administration of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801), levels of the dopamine (DA) metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) increased in mouse striatum and limbic forebrain. When dizocilpine was given to animals treated with NSD 1015, an inhibitor of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase, there was an increase in levels of DOPA and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT). These findings suggest that dizocilpine stimulates DA synthesis and release in mouse brain. Following dizocilpine treatment a clear-cut increase in spontaneous locomotor activity was observed, probably partly due to enhanced dopaminergic tone. The competitive NMDA antagonist D-CPPene produced locomotor stimulation as well, but in contrast to following dizocilpine treatment levels of 3-MT decreased. Thus the stimulation of locomotor activity following D-CPPene treatment does not seem to be mediated through activation of central dopaminergic systems. However, haloperidol pretreatment antagonized this locomotor response, indicating that the dopaminergic system plays a permissive role in this context.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Analyzing effects of vaccines.

A population with (individually) varying susceptibilities to infection and a vaccine with (individually) varying protective effect are considered. A simple stochastic model is used to illustrate different effects of the vaccine on the spread of the infection. The behavior of different estimators of the vaccine efficacy using data from a clinical trial and the relation between vaccine efficacy and the effectiveness of a vaccination program are discussed.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1991

Elastic outward bending of loaded buccal and lingual premolar walls in relation to cavity size and form.

The aim was to study effects of the size and form of the occlusal part of Class II cavities on elastic outward bending during loading of buccal and lingual walls, separated by the preparation. Twenty newly extracted caries-free premolars were used. A special arrangement for standardized cavity preparation was set up. In order to obtain accurate measurements of the outward bending of loaded cavity walls, an electronic tensile test device was constructed. Methodologic studies showed an insignificant departure from linearity between between outward bending and load. All deformation was elastic. Correction factors were determined for strain of the apparatus as well as for indentation in the tooth substance. Measurement accuracy was calculated to +/- 0.12 N for force and +/- 0.2 micron for movement. In accordance with statistical principles, a few outlying measurements were discarded. The outward bending of buccal and lingual walls of cavities suitable for conservative restoration with dental amalgam was about 0.15 micron per Newton. Outward bending increased dramatically with exaggerated cavity depth and width. In the light of present knowledge of average chewing forces and tooth contacts in the habitual intercuspal position in young dentate adults, there seems to be little risk of leakage between conservative restorations and cavity walls as a result of elastic outward bending, though the risk certainly does increase with the depth and width of the cavity.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of an infrared light absorption method for objective assessment of oral mucosal dryness.

The aim of this study was to evaluate an infrared light absorption (ILA) method for registration of dryness of the oral mucosa. Measurements were performed in the buccal and in the lip mucosa immediately before and every 30 min after submucosal injection of 1.0 ml methylscopolamine nitrate in nine healthy subjects. For comparison, a dental mirror sliding friction test was used. About 1.5 h after injection the ILA method showed statistically significant (P less than 0.01) decreases of values in both the buccal and the lip mucosa. However, in the individual subjects the deviations from initial values showed only slight agreement when measured with the ILA method and the mirror friction test. Thus, the ILA method does not seem to be suitable for registration of individual variations in oral mucosal dryness.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Pre-eclampsia, hypertension and the premenstrual tension syndrome.

A total of 261 of 17,000 pregnancies were complicated by pre-eclampsia/hypertension in pregnancy. Seven to twelve years later 237 were available for follow-up together with 33 women, who had a normotensive pregnancy in 1969-1973. The association between pre-eclampsia/hypertension and the premenstrual tension syndrome has been studied. Women with present hypertension complained significantly (P less than 0.05) more of premenstrual sadness than the normotensive women. However, women with previous pre-eclampsia/hypertension in pregnancy did not have more premenstrual symptoms than women in general, on the contrary, women with a history of severe pre-eclampsia had less symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The non-competitive NMDA antagonists MK-801 and PCP, as well as the competitive NMDA antagonist SDZ EAA494 (D-CPPene), interact synergistically with clonidine to promote locomotion in monoamine-depleted mice.

The present study shows that high doses of the non-competitive NMDA antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) as well as of the competitive NMDA antagonist SDZ EAA494 (D-CPPene) increase locomotion in monoamine-depleted mice. The pattern of movement produced following treatment with these agents is very similar to that previously observed following MK-801 administration to monamine-depleted mice. When subthreshold doses of MK-801, PCP and SDZ EAA494 were combined with the alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine, a dramatic stimulation of locomotion was observed in monoamine-depleted mice; the gross appearance of the animals was similar with the three drug combinations. These results support our previous conclusion that suppression of glutamatergic neurotransmission promotes the locomotor stimulatory potential of other (e.g. adrenergic) transmitter systems. The present findings may be of relevance for future treatment strategies in (L-DOPA-resistant) Parkinson's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Interfering with glutamatergic neurotransmission by means of NMDA antagonist administration discloses the locomotor stimulatory potential of other transmitter systems.

In the present paper it is shown that when either of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonists MK-801 or ketamine are combined with the alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine, a pronounced stimulation of locomotion is produced in monoamine-depleted mice. Likewise, when a subthreshold dose of MK-801 is combined with the muscarinic antagonist atropine, a forceful synergism with regard to locomotor activity in monoamine-depleted mice is observed. Furthermore, the present study shows that also in monoamine-depleted rats MK-801, as well as the competitive NMDA antagonist AP-5 (DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid), interact synergistically with clonidine to enhance locomotor activity. Taken together, our findings suggest that central glutamatergic systems exert a powerful inhibitory influence on locomotion. Interfering with this inhibitory force by administration of an NMDA antagonist promotes locomotion and discloses the activational potential of other transmitter systems. The results are discussed in relation to 1) the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, with emphasis on the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia, and 2) implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Olive oil as a cause of contact allergy in patients with venous eczema, and occupationally.

From 1985 to 1989, 13 cases of contact allergy to olive oil have been identified in the Departments of Dermatology of Kristianstad and Ostersund Hospitals. Known components of olive oil could not be proved to be the cause of the allergy. This high number of patients with contact allergy to olive oil and possible explanations are discussed.

Administration, Cutaneous↗