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Biomedical subjects

A Svensson

Publications and source records attributed to A Svensson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Relation of maternal blood pressure during pregnancy to birth weight and blood pressure in children. The Hypertension in Pregnancy Offspring Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the importance of perinatal factors, e.g. low birth weight, reduced gestational period and elevated maternal blood pressure during pregnancy, as well as high maternal blood pressure at follow-up 7-12 years after pregnancy, on blood pressure in children born after normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies. DESIGN: Follow-up study in children from hypertensive pregnancies and a control group of children born after normotensive pregnancies. SETTING: University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Thirty-six children born after hypertensive pregnancies and a control group of 17 children born after normotensive pregnancies were studied at a mean age of 12.5 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Blood pressure. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was higher in children born after hypertensive pregnancies. They also had lower birth weight and a shorter gestational period. There was a negative correlation between the highest recorded maternal blood pressure during pregnancy and birth weight of the child and a positive correlation between maternal blood pressure and blood pressure in their offspring. No correlation was found between birth weight and blood pressure in these children. CONCLUSIONS: Children born after hypertensive pregnancies have higher blood pressure compared to children born after normotensive pregnancies. There is a positive relationship between childhood blood pressure and maternal blood pressure during pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Influence of sex on blood pressure and left ventricular mass in adolescents: the Hypertension in Pregnancy Offspring Study.

The aim of the present longitudinal study was to describe determinants of blood pressure (BP) and echocardiographically calculated left ventricular mass in adolescents with a variable risk of future hypertension. BP was measured and M-mode echocardiography was performed in 52 children, 29 male and 23 female, at a mean age of 12.6 +/- 1.5 years. A re-examination was performed after 5.6 years. Thirty-six children were born to mothers who had hypertension during pregnancy whereas 16 children were born after a normotensive pregnancy. During follow-up a difference in body weight (P < 0.01) and height (P < 0.001) developed between male and female subjects. At the same time a difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) appeared between sexes (P < 0.01). At follow-up there were significant correlations between sex and SBP (r = 0.37, P < 0.01) and left ventricular mass (r = 0.54, P < 0.001). In multivariate analyses sex emerged as a factor explaining the variance of both SBP and left ventricular mass at follow-up. In conclusion a difference in BP between male and female subjects emerges concomitantly with differences in body size during adolescence. An independent influence of sex on both BP and left ventricular mass appears in parallel with this.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Five-year follow-up of blood pressure and left ventricular mass in children with different maternal histories of hypertension: the Hypertension in Pregnancy Offspring Study.

OBJECTIVE: To follow the changes in blood pressure and echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in offspring of mothers who had hypertension during pregnancy. DESIGN: Longitudinal study with a 5-year follow-up. METHODS: Nineteen offspring of mothers who had hypertension during pregnancy, and sustained hypertension at follow-up 7-12 years after term, were examined, by blood pressure measurement and M-mode echocardiography, at a mean age of 12.8 years (range 10.6-16.4) and were re-examined 5.6 years later. For comparison, 17 children born to mothers who had hypertension during pregnancy, but were normotensive at follow-up, were also examined. A control group of children born following a normotensive pregnancy was also recruited. Comparisons were made by analysis of variance among the three groups. RESULTS: At the initial examination systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the children born to mothers who had hypertension during pregnancy and were hypertensive at follow-up. This difference persisted in the adolescents at follow-up. No differences among the three groups in echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass were seen, either at the initial examination or at follow-up. There was a significant correlation between left ventricular masses determined 5 years apart (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present longitudinal study demonstrates that offspring of mothers with hypertension during pregnancy, that was sustained at follow-up, have higher blood pressure than controls. Children with different maternal histories of hypertension maintain their rank with regard to left ventricular mass during adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The influence of the palatal major conccector on the rigidity of a conical crown retained denture.

The influence of the major connector on the rigidity of a maxillary conical crown retained denture was evaluated in vivo. A duplicate maxillary conical crown prosthesis carrying 9 electrical resistance strain gauges was manufactured for one partially dentate male. Clinical loading experiments were performed with the original construction design, after partial and complete removal of the major connector. The results showed that the separation of the major connector caused a general increase in the deformation level, particularly in the anterior region. In conclusion, the palatal major connector was found to increase the rigidity of a maxillary conical crown retained denture.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1993

Crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of recombinant Coprinus cinereus peroxidase.

Crystals suitable for an X-ray diffraction investigation have been obtained of recombinant Coprinus cinereus peroxidase expressed in Aspergillus oryzae. The crystals were grown by the hanging drop method with polyethylene glycol 6000 as the precipitant. A pH range from 6.2 to 8.0 and CaCl2 or MgCl2 present at a concentration of 0.35 M were essential for the crystal growth. A metastable monoclinic modification can be obtained under certain conditions, and with variations in temperature they are transformed into a stable orthorhombic modification. With CaCl2 as the additive, the unit cell dimensions were a = 74.9 A, b = 76.8 A and c = 128.2 A. With two peroxidase molecules per asymmetric unit, the solvent content is 49% (v/v). In the diffraction pattern, the reflections Okl are systematically very weak for k = 2n + 1. Combined with an analysis of the Patterson function, this showed that the two independent molecules are related by the pseudotranslational symmetry 0.29a + 0.5b. The possible space groups are P2(1)2(1)2(1) or P2(1)22(1) because of this pseudosymmetry. The crystals diffract to a resolution of 2.9 A.

Coprinus↗
PubMed1993

Refined structure of the aminobenzolamide complex of human carbonic anhydrase II at 1.9 A and sulphonamide modelling of bovine carbonic anhydrase III.

The binding of aminobenzolamide to human carbonic anhydrase (HCA II) has been investigated by X-ray crystallography. The three dimensional atomic structure of the enzyme inhibitor complex has been refined at 1.9 A resolution. The crystallographic R-factor is 17.8%. All inhibitor atoms are clearly possible to identify from the difference electron density map in the active site of the enzyme. The nitrogen of the sulphonamide group of the inhibitor is bound as a fourth ligand to the zinc ion, the other three are all histidyl residues. The binding conformation of the sulphonamide groups is similar to the previously described sulphonamide inhibitors. One of the oxygens of the outer sulphonamido group of the inhibitor forms a hydrogen bond to the amino group of Gln 92. The higher affinity of the benzolamide inhibitor compared with acetazolamide can be accounted for by the strong aromatic and hydrophobic interactions between the amino benzene ring of the inhibitor and the residues Phe 131 and Leu 198. In modelling studies of bovine carbonic anhydrase III (BCA III) it was evident that Phe 198 prevents an optimal interaction with sulphonamides.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

On clinical loading of osseointegrated implants. A methodological and clinical study.

Strain gauges were used to record in vivo and in vitro functional deformations in a fixed prosthetic appliance supported and retained by osseointegrated titanium implants. Four linear gauges were attached to each of totally 5 implant abutment cylinders and gauge signals were transferred into a computer via a digital converter. A computer program (ASYST) was used for collection, calibration and analysis of data obtained. Based on the results of a series of explorative in vitro tests, in vivo experiments were performed at maximum biting as well as during chewing on certain normally available food items. The results show fundamental differences between in vitro and in vivo testing conditions. Unexpectedly high bending of the implants was recorded in many of the in vivo loading situations.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Blood pressure and left ventricular mass in children with different maternal histories of hypertension: the Hypertension in Pregnancy Offspring Study.

OBJECTIVE: To study blood pressure and echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in children born to mothers who had been hypertensive during the pregnancy and to assess the influence of a maternal factor for hypertension on blood pressure and left ventricular mass. METHODS: Blood pressure was measured and M-mode echocardiography was performed in 42 children (aged 10.6-16.4 years) born to mothers who had been hypertensive during the pregnancy. For comparison, a control group of 17 children born after a normotensive pregnancy was used. RESULTS: Children born to mothers who had had a hypertensive pregnancy and who showed sustained hypertension during a follow-up, had higher systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic (P < 0.05) blood pressure. No differences in left ventricular mass were seen. There was a significant correlation between left ventricular mass and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.40; P < 0.01). In multivariate analyses both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were independently related to a familial factor for hypertension, whereas left ventricular mass was not related to a familial factor for hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Children born after a hypertensive pregnancy have higher blood pressure than children born after a normotensive pregnancy. A familial factor for hypertension was correlated with blood pressure, but not left ventricular mass in the children studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Hypertension in pregnancy.

Hypertension in pregnancy is still one of the most important causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Several different definitions are used, partly because the pathogenetic background to the hypertensive diseases of pregnancy is not known. Widely variable incidences have been reported in different populations, but a reasonable estimation is that less than 5% of pregnancies are complicated by clinically relevant blood pressure elevation. The treatment of hypertension in pregnancy has been a matter of debate, but in late pregnancy, there is agreement that delivery is the treatment of choice. In later years, antihypertensive drugs have been less used in mild or moderate hypertension in pregnancy. Low-dose aspirin may be useful as a preventive treatment in high-risk pregnancies, but final proof of this is still lacking. Long term follow-up of women with a hypertensive pregnancy is important, since a significant proportion of these women will develop later chronic (essential) hypertension, even if their blood pressure is completely normalised shortly after delivery.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1993

Homozygotes for the autosomal dominant neoplasia syndrome (MEN1).

Families in which both parents are heterozygotes for the same autosomal dominant neoplasia syndrome are extremely unusual. Recently, we had the unique opportunity to evaluate three symptomatic siblings from the union between two unrelated individuals affected by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). When the three siblings and their parents and relatives were genotyped for 12 markers tightly linked to the MEN1 locus, at 11q13, two of the siblings were found to be homozygotes, and one a heterozygote, for MEN1. With regard to the MEN1 syndrome, no phenotypic differences were observed between the two homozygotes and the heterozygotes. However, the two homozygotes showed unexplained infertility, which was not the case for any of the heterozygotes. Thus, MEN1 appears to be a disease with complete dominance, and the presence of two MEN1 alleles with mutations of the type that occur constitutionally may be insufficient for tumor development.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of a peroxidase from barley grain.

Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis of both glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of a barley peroxidase have been grown. The crystals of the glycosylated peroxidase have been grown by the hanging drop vapour diffusion method using polyethylene glycol 4000 as the precipitant in the presence of n-propanol and potassium iodide at pH 8.5. The crystals are needles belonging to the orthorhombic spacegroup P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit cell dimensions a = 62.95 A, b = 66.24 A and c = 70.78 A. There is one barley peroxidase molecule in the asymmetric unit. The crystals contain approximately 38% solvent and appear to be stable to lengthy X-ray exposure. They diffract to beyond 1.9 A.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1992

Interaction between glutamatergic and dopaminergic tone in the nucleus accumbens of mice: evidence for a dual glutamatergic function with respect to psychomotor control.

The rotation induced by a unilateral injection of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 was studied in mice with different tone in the central dopaminergic systems. AP-5 induced contralateral rotation in monoamine-depleted mice and in monoamine-depleted mice treated with a dopamine D-1 receptor agonist. In contrast, AP-5 induced predominantly ipsilateral rotation in monoamine-depleted mice treated with a mixed D-1/D-2 or a D-2 selective dopamine agonist and in mice with intact monoaminergic systems.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
PubMed1992

Differential locomotor interactions between dopamine D1/D2 receptor agonists and the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine in monoamine-depleted mice.

Previous work in our laboratory has shown that the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist dizocilipine (MK-801) interacts synergistically with the mixed dopamine (DA) receptor agonist apomorphine and the DA D 1 agonist SKF 38393 to promote locomotion in monoamine-depleted mice. The purpose of the present study was to compare the roles of DA D 1 and DA D 2 receptors in this interaction. To that end, dizocilpine was given in combination with either the DA D 1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 or the selective DA D 2 receptor agonist quinpirole or the preferential DA D 2 agonist bromocriptine. In general, the locomotor stimulatory effects produced by SKF 38393 were potentiated by dizocilpine, whereas the locomotor stimulation produced by quinpirole and bromocriptine was counteracted. However, baseline activity, which partly depends on how much time is allowed to elapse between administration of the DA agonist and commencement of locomotor recording, and partly on the dose of the DA agonist, seems to be an important factor that determines whether dizocilpine will have a weakening or a potentiating effect. Interestingly, the competitive NMDA antagonist D-CPPene displayed a different pattern of interaction with SKF 38393 and quinpirole in that synergistic effects were observed with both DA agonists, most conspicuously so with the DA D 2 receptor agonist. The results are interpreted in the light of present knowledge of basal ganglia neuroanatomy; they are discussed in relation to the "direct" and "indirect" pathways from the striatum to the thalamus, proposed to form part of positive and negative cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops, respectively, as well as to the presumed presynaptic D 2 receptors on corticostriatal glutamatergic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Injection of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 into the nucleus accumbens of monoamine-depleted mice induces pronounced locomotor stimulation.

Following injection of 5 micrograms of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 into the nucleus accumbens of monoamine-depleted mice a pronounced locomotor stimulation was produced. Additional treatment with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine markedly increased the locomotor effects of AP-5 administration into the nucleus accumbens. Injection of 5 or 10 micrograms AP-5 into the dorsal striatum was ineffective with regard to locomotor stimulation. However, when AP-5 (10 micrograms) was combined with an i.p. injection of clonidine, a marked locomotor stimulation was produced following application into the dorsal striatum, but not following application into the prefrontal cortex. The present results are in line with the idea that corticostriatal glutamatergic pathways, especially those projecting to the ventral striatum, exert an inhibitory influence on psychomotor functions.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
PubMed1992

A 15-year surveillance study of antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in a cohort of young girls.

A cohort of 839 young girls at the ages of 14 and 15 years was screened for total antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) and, if positive, for specific antibodies to HSV-2, by means of a sensitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cohort was followed from 1972-1987. Blood samples were obtained on six occasions during these 16 years. In total, 2270 blood samples were taken. The number of sero-converting girls was studied in relation to calendar time. Two methods were constructed for the statistical analyses. The first of these gave an estimate of the sero-prevalence at different points in time. This analysis showed that the sero-prevalence which was 23% against HSV-1 in 1972 had increased to 36% in 1976. At the end of the study in 1987, 50% of the cohort had sero-converted against HSV-1. The proportion of girls who had sero-converted against HSV-2 was 0.4% in the 14-15-year-olds and had reached 22% by the end of the study. The second statistical method used all the available information implicit in the observations so as to obtain a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimate of the prevalence. The ML estimates were slightly more precise, but the two estimates did not differ significantly. The observations were further analysed by the Mantel-Haenszel test in order to see if there was any dependence between positivity to HSV-1 and HSV-2 respectively but none was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The impact of changing BCG coverage on tuberculosis incidence in Swedish-born children between 1969 and 1989.

In April 1975, the mass vaccination of newborns against tuberculosis was replaced by selective vaccination of groups at risk. BCG coverage fell from more than 95% before 1974 to 1.8% between 1975 and 1982 and thereafter reached an average of 13.7% up to 1989. The cumulative incidence of tuberculosis before 5 years of age was estimated among children born in Sweden during periods of high, low and moderate increasing BCG coverage. The incidence figures per 100,000 children was 0.8, 3.9 and 2.9, respectively, for children born to Swedish parents and 2.6, 39.4 and 13.2, respectively, for those born to foreign parents. The observed incidence of tuberculosis among non-BCG vaccinated children born to Swedish parents was within the expected limits given by a prognostic model based on the natural change of the risk of infection. The effectiveness of the selective BCG vaccination programme, which was intensified after 1981 for the second generation of immigrants, was estimated to 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.38, 0.95) assuming that there was no change of the risk of infection for children born to foreign parents over the period studied. From April 1975 to December 1989, tuberculosis was notified in 85 children born in Sweden during the same period, 7 of them were BCG vaccinated and 78 non-vaccinated, 45 were symptomatic, 3 of them with disseminated tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗