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Biomedical subjects

A Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to A Sharma.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Fungal biodegradation and biotransformation of soluble lignocarbohydrate complexes from straw.

Aspergillus japonicus is an efficient degrader of phenolics and carbohydrates present in a mixture of soluble lignocarbohydrate complexes extracted from wheat straw. Trichoderma sp. attacked part of the carbohydrate but hardly affected the aromatic portion of this solution. Polyporus versicolor had a complex effect; polymerization of low-molecular-size phenolics accompanied the degradation of aromatic and carbohydrate polymers. The addition of xylose to the medium facilitated depolymerization of lignin by the fungi tested and prevented the polymerization of low-molecular-size fractions of lignocarbohydrate complexes by P. versicolor. P. versicolor, in contrast to A. japonicus and Trichoderma sp., also excreted into the medium considerable amounts of laccase, but only in the absence of endogenous or exogenous carbohydrates. Apparently, laccase is involved in polymerization rather than degradation of lignin in this organism. A number of extracellular glycanases were also secreted by these fungi.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

An enzyme immunoassay for yeast and mycelial phase-specific antibodies in histoplasmosis.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been adapted to detect class-specific antibodies to yeast and mycelial phase (MP) antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum. Experimental histoplasmosis was produced in rhesus monkeys and humoral immune responses were measured by ELISA and complement-fixation (CF) tests. Antibodies to the yeast phase (YP) reached a peak after 7 weeks and gradually declined thereafter, while MP antibodies continued to increase even after 4 months. Comparison of the 2 tests showed a significant degree of correlation but ELISA was 10-20 times more sensitive than CF. The ELISA method permitted the analysis of low levels of antibodies at early stages of infection. Applications of the ELISA technique to the serodiagnosis of histoplasmosis employing the 2 phase-specific antigens are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of synthetic pyrethroids on mammalian chromosomes. I. Sumicidin.

Sumicidin, a fenvalerate type of synthetic pyrethroid, is used as an alternative for classical insecticides. When force-fed in low doses daily over a long period (21 days) to Rattus norvegicus, in vivo, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in the mitotic index were induced. Its cumulative effect in vivo is both dose- and time-dependent and is more drastic on the spindle mechanism, possibly owing to progressive detoxication into more active compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Antimycotic activity of berberine sulphate: an alkaloid from an Indian medicinal herb.

Berberine sulphate in concentrations of 10-25 mg ml -1 inhibited the growth of 11/13 fungi, viz. Alternaria, Aspergillus flavus, Asp. fumigatus, Candida albicans, Curvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus oryzae and Scopulariopsis. Concentrations of 50 mg ml -1 could check the growth of Syncephalastrum as well but Asp. niger remained unaffected.

Alternaria↗
PubMed1982

Multiple giant hydatid cysts of the brain. Case report.

A rare case of multiple primary hydatid cysts of the brain is reported in a 9-year-old girl. There were five cysts, occupying most of the right supratentorial region. The biggest cyst measured 9 cm across, while the smallest one was 4.5 cm in diameter. The diagnosis was based on computerized tomography findings. The patient did not have any evidence of hydatid disease elsewhere in the body. The delivery of all the cysts resulted in the dramatic neurological recovery of this patient.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Some genetic markers in tribals of Eastern India.

A total of 204 members belonging to two ethnologically distinct tribal groups in the same area, the Santal and the Bhumij, from the Midnapore district of West Bengal have been tested for polymorphisms of serum proteins, enzymes and haemoglobin. Low chi 2 value indicates the absence of any significant genetical difference between these two tribes, in respect of their total protein patterns and Hb, Tf, Hp, Lp, LDH, ABO and Rh systems. An interesting observation was the presence of an aberrant transferrin type. A single case of phenylketonuria showed low elevation of phenylalanine.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Genetic toxicological of some plant flavonoids by the micronucleus test.

4 important flavonoid compounds, namely quercetin, kaempferol, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and rutin, were administered to male mice for the detection of gross chromosomal anomalies by the micronucleus test. The first 3 compounds were positively clastogenic to different extents, whereas the 4th was negative.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Absorption of light in photoreceptors: effect of waveguiding property.

The effect of waveguiding property (i.e., the intensity distribution) of the photoreceptor on the number of photons absorbed in a photoreceptor has been studied. It has been found that the effect is significant only for large values of the exposure and the maximum effect is less than 11% in the case of human rod photoreceptor. In the analysis, the funnelling effect, which follows from the coupling between the interior and exterior fields, has not been considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Influence of inoculum size of Aspergillus parasiticus spores on aflatoxin production.

The influence of the inoculum size on growth and aflatoxin production was examined in Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL 3145) by using a synthetic medium. The reduction in the number of spores by 4 to 5 log cycles either by serial dilution or by gamma irradiation caused a two fold increase in the toxin production. The decrease in the inoculum size induced a lag in growth of the culture, though the final yield of the mycelium over the 28-day experimental period was the same. The maximal accumulation of aflatoxin was observed on day 14 of incubation. A transition from the biphasic to monophasic pattern in aflatoxin production could be correlated with the size of the inoculum. The enhanced toxin production from dilute inocula was similar to that obtained with the surviving fraction of the spores after gamma irradiation (0 to 150 krads).

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1980

Genetic variations in serum proteins in relation to diseases.

In general, serum protein patterns, as identified by their relative mobility during electrophoresis and chromatography, can be used to a considerable extent in identifying different disease states. There is no change in the basic pattern controlled at the gene level, however. The relative size and intensities of the bands can be taken as diagnostic characters, particularly in disease conditions where the substrate or the end products of the gene are affected. The correlation of any particular genotype with a particular disease is rare, as is expected, since any established genotype will presumably not lead to major defects or lethality.

Blood Proteins↗