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Biomedical subjects

A Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to A Sharma.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effects of mercury-selenium antagonism on mammalian cell division.

Various combinations of HgCl2 and sodium selenite were administered orally to rats and mice in vivo for both chronic and acute treatment. The antagonistic interaction and the optimum combination at which the action of HgCl2 could be neutralised by Na2SeO3 was investigated. Of the concentrations employed in rats when Na2SeO3 was fed after 1 h treatment with HgCl2, the percentage of chromosomal abnormalities significantly decreased as compared to animals treated with HgCl2 alone. All other experiments with different combinations of HgCl2 and Na2SeO3 gave higher frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities as compared to Na2SeO3 alone. An acute dose of HgCl2 was lethal, but in combination with Na2SeO3 at 1 h intervals, the abnormalities decreased to 60%. The results with mice showed antagonism in mixtures at higher doses, which was not evident in lower doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunoglobulin and C3 levels in maternal and cord blood in Jamaica.

IgG, IgM, IgA and C3 were estimated by radial immunodiffusion (RID) in one hundred paired maternal and cord blood samples. The mean maternal IgG, and IgM, and IgA were 2112 mg/dl, 118 mg/dl and 251 mg/dl, respectively, while in corresponding infants, the mean levels were 2194 mg/dl, 36 mg/dl and 19 mg/dl. Mean cord serum C3 levels was 113 mg/dl, approximately half the maternal level (203 mg/dl). Variation in the gestational age, birth weight, duration of labour and maternal pre-eclamptic toxaemia did not significantly affect the immunoglobulin levels. Seven out of 36 (16%) cord blood with IgM level greater than 36 mg/dl showed either fourfold rise or high antibody titres against one of the TORCH (toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus) agents. Screening of cord serum for IgM levels can be of particular value in detection of newborn infants with clinically apparent or inapparent intrauterine infections.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1984

Exploration of the pineal region: observations and results.

Experience with direct exploration of the pineal region in 22 consecutive patients is reported. Of these cases, mass lesions with obstructive hydrocephalus were found in 19; the remaining 3 had arteriovenous malformations of the pineal region. Of the 19 mass lesions, 5 (26%) were benign and curable. Although a preliminary shunt was routinely provided in all patients with obstructive hydrocephalus before exploration of the pineal region, the condition of five (26%) worsened after the shunt operation, requiring emergency decompression of the pineal tumor. A transtentorial approach through a right occipital craniotomy was uniformly employed in all cases. Overall mortality was less than 5%. These observations and results support the policy of direct exploration of all lesions in the pineal region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Immunization of guinea pigs against Entamoeba histolytica using glucan as an adjuvant.

Beta 1-3 polyglucose or glucan, an extract of cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been successfully employed in this laboratory as an effective immunopotentiator in experimental studies on amoebiasis. An antigen extract from Entamoeba histolytica was combined with beta, 1-3 glucan for immunizing guinea pigs. In order to study the effectiveness of such vaccine preparations, several batches of guinea pigs were immunized with amoeba antigen alone, and in combination with various immunoadjuvants. Antigen inoculations were carried out via intraperitoneal route. Protective immune responses were obtained against amoeba antigen by using glucan as an adjuvant partner. The study showed that glucan can be safely used as an effective immune enhancer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1984

Increased macrophage migration inhibition factor production in hamsters sensitized by amoebic antigen and glucan.

Well defined cell-mediated immune responses were detectable following experimental immunization of hamsters with Entamoeba histolytica antigen, using glucan as an adjuvant. Peritoneal cells from amoeba antigen-glucan sensitized animals, upon incubation with specific antigen in vitro, were found to release into the supernatant a macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF). Such supernatant fluids inhibited the migration of macrophages from non-sensitized hamsters. The production of MIF was found to be greatly increased if glucan is added to amoeba antigen when sensitizing animals. The optimal concentration for maximum inhibition was recorded at 10(-8) dilution of the supernatant.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Bacterial aneurysms of the intracavernous carotid artery.

Six cases of bacterial intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms of extravascular origin secondary to cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis are reported along with a review of 12 similar cases collected from the literature. Of the authors' six cases, there were three children and three adults. Meningitis was found in five patients. All patients received prolonged antibiotic therapy. Spontaneous resolution of the aneurysm occurred in one patient, thrombosis of the internal carotid artery in another, and progressive enlargement of the aneurysm was seen on sequential angiography in the other two. Evidence of associated arteritis was present in all of the patients. Carotid ligation for persistent ophthalmoplegia was carried out in two patients, of whom one had a giant aneurysm and the other progressive aneurysm enlargement. The results of treatment were good in all cases. The authors believe that carotid arteriography is obligatory in cases of cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis in which ophthalmoplegia persists despite adequate antibiotic therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Detection of amoebic antibodies using fractionated antigen in TIA and IHA tests.

Thin layer immunoassay (TIA) test was used to detect anti-amoebic antibodies in the sera obtained from immunized guinea pigs. A few human sera samples were also used for antibody detection. The TIA and IHA results with whole amoeba antigen and fractionated antigen preparations were compared. Both test procedures gave better results with fractionated antigen. The results in TIA were better than in IHA tests. Thin layer immunoassay technique can be conveniently used as an alternative to IHA test for the detection of anti-amoebic antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

On line (real time) quantitative measurement of premature ventricular beats.

A real time system for graphically displaying premature ventricular beat trends is described. The system consists of analog detector circuits coupled to a Fortran based software program for premature ventricular beat processing. The software program runs four independent channels and has three available analysis modes: a "counting" mode which provides a running total of counts to date; an "averaging" mode which displays average number of events over time, and a "ratio" mode which provides an output reflecting changes in the ratio of premature ventricular beats to all beats. Various scale factors can be applied to accommodate differing background states. The system's strengths lie in its simplicity, accuracy, and simultaneous analog display of both the original ECG signal as well as the derived quantitative data.

Cardiac Complexes, Premature↗