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Biomedical subjects

A Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to A Sharma.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of sex and age on the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in the lungs of rats.

Since toxicity studies among different laboratories generally involve rats of different sex and age, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of sex, age and animal to animal variation in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, bronchoalveolar cell lysate and lung homogenate. Correlation between numbers of bronchoalveolar cells recovered from lungs and enzyme activity in bronchoalveolar cell lysate or lung homogenate supernatant were also investigated. Male rats showed significantly (p less than 0.05) higher activities of alkaline phosphatase in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung homogenate. Animal to animal variation for lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase was higher in lungs than in serum. The number of bronchoalveolar cells recovered from lungs revealed a significant (p less than 0.01) positive correlation with the activities of both enzymes in the supernatant of cell lysates but not in the bronchoalveolar fluid. These results indicated that in an inhalation study interindividual variation in the levels of pulmonary enzymes should be considered in order to minimize the numerous possible sources of experimental error.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Suicide risk: evaluation and management.

Inadequate assessment of the suicidal patient can have tragic consequences. Reliance should be placed on a comprehensive evaluation, including social profile, mental and physical status, suicidal ideation, intent and behavior, and current social support systems. Heightened awareness, combined with a knowledge about risk factors for suicide and intervention techniques, will help prevent these tragedies.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed1985

The turbid specimen as an analytical medium: hemoglobin determination as a model.

The quantitation of chemical constituents in lipemic samples is a major problem confronting the clinical laboratory. Currently, a number of cumbersome and time-consuming methods are used to clarify samples before analysis. However, the use of enzymic hydrolysis of triglycerides along with efficient chemical removal of the formed non-esterified fatty acids is exemplified here as an excellent alternative to the current methods of clarification such as ultracentrifugation, extraction or chemical precipitation of low density and very low density lipoproteins. This method of clarifying milky serum has been used by us to assay hemoglobin in severely lipemic blood samples as an analytical model.

Chylomicrons↗
PubMed1985

Involvement of catecholamines and serotonin in human hypertension.

Lumber cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of metabolites of noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin were estimated in patients of sustained hypertension (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 15). Platelet uptake of serotonin and its basal contents were also estimated in the same individuals. CSF 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid level (5-HIAA) (major metabolite of serotonin) was significantly higher in hypertensives than controls (p less than .01). CSF 3-methoxy, 5-hydroxy phenyl glycol (MHPG) (major metabolite of adrenaline and noradrenaline) level was also raised significantly in cases of hypertension (p less than .01). However, platelet uptake of serotonin as well as its basal contents in hypertension were significantly lower than controls (p less than .01). It can thus be postulated that there exists an increased central serotonergic and catecholaminergic activity in hypertension. Furthermore, alterations observed in platelet serotonin uptake and its basal content suggest the involvement of platelet serotonergic system in hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mechanism of tear film rupture and its implications for contact lens tolerance.

A mechanism for the rupture of the tear film is identified. The key step in the process of tear film breakup is the instability and eventual rupture of the mucous layer of 0.02 to 0.04 micron thickness, which covers the epithelium. The rupture is caused by the van der Waals dispersion forces acting on the mucous layer. The aqueous part of the tear film then ruptures because it comes into contact with the exposed hydrophobic epithelium. The time of rupture derived from the proposed mechanism is consistent with the range of observed breakup times (BUT's) and other clinically observed characteristics of rupture. The proposed mechanism has implications in understanding the cause of adhesion of the contact lens to cornea and in the rapid buildup of deposits on the lens surface, both of which are attributed to the mucous deficiency. It also suggests various possibilities for diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions of a dry eye, and lends support to existing ones.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1985

The Aase-Smith syndrome.

A distinct syndrome with hand abnormalities, joint contractures, cleft palate and a Dandy-Walker malformation was reported by Aase & Smith (1968). This paper reports a second example of this syndrome in a mother and daughter.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

Possible implications of reciprocity between ethylene and aflatoxin biogenesis in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.

Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus produced ethylene during early growth. However, the onset of toxin biosynthesis was marked by the absence of ethylene evolution. 2-Chloroethyl phosphonic acid, an ethylene-generating compound, inhibited aflatoxin biosynthesis in vivo. The reciprocal relationship between the production of aflatoxin and ethylene by the organism may indicate the involvement of the latter in the regulation of aflatoxin biogenesis.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1985

Vaccination of rabbits against Entamoeba histolytica with aqueous suspensions of trehalose-dimycolate as the adjuvant.

Rabbits were immunized with soluble Entamoeba histolytica antigen with an aqueous suspension of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate used as the adjuvant. Induction of protective immunity in the immunized animals was demonstrated by enhanced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and 100% survival after challenge. Administration of soluble antigen only failed to induce a similar degree of protective immunity. Trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate alone produced only a slight increase in nonspecific resistance.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with Entamoeba histolytica mimics human infection.

Experimental infection of Entamoeba histolytica was successfully established in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Parasites of proven pathogenicity maintained through liver passage in hamsters were used in this study. Laparotomized monkeys were inoculated intracecally/intrahepatically with trophozoites, or by oral administration of cysts (2000 cysts/ml). The cysts were isolated from an infected human stool sample. Formation of typical amebic lesions in the inoculated tissues along with alterations in hematologic indices were studied in the infected monkeys. All the experimentally inoculated monkeys showed leukocytosis and mild neutrophilia, while the hemoglobin content and levels of blood sugar and blood urea remained unaltered during the post-infection period. Specific antiamebic antibodies were readily detectable in post-infected sera.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1985

Serum protein polymorphisms in selected areas of West Bengal, India.

Serum proteins like haptoglobins and transferrin and total protein types were determined in healthy donors from West Bengal, with different levels of industrialisation and urbanisation, by disc gel electrophoresis. The frequency of the allele Hp2 was much higher in all the areas. A highly significant difference was observed between industrial and agricultural areas. However, the differences among the industrial districts were not significant except between the districts of Howrah and 24-Parganas.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of three mycobacterial antigens in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.

Three different antigens were tested for detection of mycobacterial antibodies. The 3 antigens were mycobacterial saline extract (MSE), mycobacterial sonicate (MSO) and PPD. For detection, both the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (SAFA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used. We used 88 serum samples (50 from clinically, radiologically and/or bacteriologically proven cases of tuberculosis, 8 from proven cases of leprosy and 30 from healthy controls). With MSE antigen, both the tests were found to be highly sensitive and specific. MSO antigen was found to give better results in ELISA than in SAFA. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA as well as SAFA test was reduced when PPD was used as an antigen. However, both ELISA and SAFA tests revealed that the mean antibody level in the patients with active tuberculosis was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls, irrespective of the antigen used.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

Relative DNA content in lymphocytes and buccal mucosa of patients with sex chromosomal anomalies.

Cytophotometric estimation of DNA values from human buccal mucosa and lymphocyte culture nuclei shows a difference related to different X chromosomal abnormalities, namely, del X, XO, XXX and XXY. The values in the buccal mucosa in all cases except XXX were similar to the normal XX and XY. In lymphocytes nuclei, however, a steady increase in the DNA content at a significant level could be related to an increase in the number of X chromosomes. The similarity in the DNA values of normal XX and XY controls may be attributed to asynchrony in the replication patterns of X and Y chromosomes.

Cell Nucleus↗