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Biomedical subjects

A S Boyd

Publications and source records attributed to A S Boyd.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Psoriasis and pregnancy: hormone and immune system interaction.

BACKGROUND: Various hormonal states are known to be associated with the waxing and waning of psoriasis. Patients with psoriasis commonly experience changes in their cutaneous disease during pregnancy or post partum. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated 100 women with psoriasis by questionnaire and interview. The women had been seen at the Baylor Psoriasis Center, Dallas, and had experienced a pregnancy while having psoriasis. The answers were sorted and tabulated. In addition, we reviewed the literature to ascertain possible causes of clinical changes in psoriasis during pregnancy. RESULTS: Ninety questionnaires were completed. Sixty-nine women (76.7%) described a change in their psoriasis during pregnancy with 57 (63.3%) noting improvement. Seventy-nine patients (87.7%) had a postpartum flare, most within 4 months of delivery. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of women with psoriasis, who become pregnant, experience a change, usually an improvement, in their cutaneous disease. Pregnancy is associated with hormonal changes in estrogens and progesterone resulting in a state of altered immune surveillance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Perforating elastosis in necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum.

A 58-year-old diabetic woman with necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum demonstrated lesions with raised, prominent borders. These areas were found on biopsy to have transepidermal elimination of elastic fibers. We present this case as a unique finding and review the characteristics and possible mechanisms of transepidermal elimination.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1996

Chromoblastomycosis in a patient with a cardiac transplant.

Cases of chromoblastomycosis have been reported in immunocompromised patients. However, chromoblastomycosis is rarely caused by Exophiala jeanselmei. While this organism has been reported to induce pheohyphomycosis in a recipient of a cardiac transplant, chromoblastomycosis has not been described. We present a case of chromoblastomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei in a patient who had received a cardiac transplant.

Chromoblastomycosis↗
PubMed1995

The effects of chronic sunscreen use on the histologic changes of dermatoheliosis.

BACKGROUND: Sunscreen application to the skin of hairless mice is effective in reversing the histologic changes associated with photoaging (solar elastosis, epidermal thickening, collagen depletion, glycosaminoglycan deposition). These reparative processes have not been studied in human beings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically the effects of daily application of a UVA/UVB sunscreen versus placebo. METHODS: We examined 46 patients who were given either sunscreen or vehicle and asked to apply it daily for 24 months. Punch biopsy specimens were obtained from preauricular skin at 0, 12, and 24 months. Each specimen was examined for epidermal thickening and organization and dermal inflammatory infiltrate by light microscopy. Computer-generated analysis of tissue sections was used to evaluate solar elastosis. RESULTS: A significant difference in solar elastosis was found between the treatment groups; however, the other features remained largely unchanged. CONCLUSION: The dermal changes of photoaging may be affected differently than epidermal changes when UV radiation exposure is diminished. UVA and UVB may contribute diversely to these cutaneous changes. Computer-generated evaluation of dermatoheliosis may be more accurate than visual inspection.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cutaneous manifestations of Prototheca infections.

The genus Prototheca comprises several species, the most prevalent of which is Prototheca wickerhamii. These achlorophyllic algae are found in the slime flux of trees and in freshwater environs. Cutaneous infection with these microbes was first reported 30 years ago. Subsequent case reports have described other manifestations including systemic disease. Asymptomatic and stationary cutaneous plaques may be seen in otherwise healthy patients. Susceptibility to infection is ill defined but may involve an inability of neutrophils to effectively eradicate phagocytosed organisms. Characteristic morula are seen histologically. Antifungal medications are the most effective therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Acral melanocytic neoplasms: a histologic analysis of 158 lesions.

BACKGROUND: Acral nevi occasionally demonstrate pagetoid spread of melanocytes. This feature may be of considerable concern because it is commonly associated with melanoma. Other features of melanoma must be assessed to accurately classify these neoplasms as benign. OBJECTIVE: We examined acral melanocytic lesions, benign and malignant, to evaluate their features. METHODS: A retrospective analysis during 3 years was performed on 158 acral pigmented lesions diagnosed by the dermatopathology service. Blue nevi, intradermal nevi, lentigines, and Spitz nevi were excluded. The specimens were divided into three groups: benign nevi, benign nevi with pagetoid spread, and melanoma. They were evaluated for circumscription, symmetry, papillary dermal fibroplasia, bridging between rete ridges, inflammatory infiltrate, pagetoid spread, cytologic atypia, and mitotic activity. RESULTS: Most lesions (60%) were compound nevi and 84% were from the foot. Ten specimens were melanomas (6%) and 28 (18%) were nevi with architectural disorder. Pagetoid spread of melanocytes, often minimal, was found in 57 benign lesions. However, these nevi did not demonstrate the degree of pagetoid spread, cellular atypia, inflammation, and asymmetry found in malignant lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of pagetoid spread of melanocytes is common in otherwise benign acral nevi. Other parameters of malignancy in these neoplasms must be evaluated to determine their biologic potential.

Epidermis↗
PubMed1994

Cutaneous collision tumors. An analysis of 69 cases and review of the literature.

The association of two different neoplasms in the same biopsy specimen is not uncommon and has been reported by numerous authors. Some associations may result from involvement of related cell types, however, most are serendipitous. Our study attempted to investigate the nature and types of contiguous or "collision" tumors seen in our dermatopathology service. A retrospective evaluation of approximately 40,000 cutaneous biopsies was performed, yielding 69 examples of collision tumors. Excluded were biphasic lesions of the same cell type (e.g., basosquamous carcinomas or combined nevi). Results were as follows: The most common combinations included basal cell carcinoma and nevus (14), basal cell carcinoma and seborrheic keratosis (8), nevus and seborrheic keratosis (14), actinic keratosis and nevus (7), and basal cell carcinoma and neurofibroma (4). Adnexal tumors were found combined with other neoplasms in four patients and blue nevi were noted in three additional tumors. We believe that most of these represent the presence of two or more common lesions juxtaposed by coincidence. However, certain combinations are of similar cell lineages or contain a relatively uncommon tumor and may indicate a possible link between the different cell types.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Laboratory testing in patients with morbilliform viral eruptions.

The explosion of immunologic testing capabilities over the past 20 years has enabled clinicians to accurately diagnose many conditions that previously were very difficult to identify solely on a clinical basis. Among these disorders are the viral exanthems. Infections with some of these viruses are of relatively little import (erythema infectiosum), whereas others have more significant consequences (HIV, cytomegalovirus). Clinical suspicions may be pursued more fully now, sometimes even in an office setting.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1993

Pityriasis rubra pilaris presenting as subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Diseases of a very different nature may occasionally present in a similar manner. Differentiating among several possible diagnoses may be complicated by confusing and conflicting laboratory data. Our recent evaluation and treatment of a patient confirmed the need for thorough testing, particularly in patients suspected of having a connective tissue disorder.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

Erythema gyratum repens: a paraneoplastic eruption.

Erythema gyratum reopens is a slowly expanding, mildly scaling dermatosis with a "wood-grain" pattern and is seen in patients with an underlying malignancy. To date only 49 cases have appeared in the literature, 41 of which (84%) were associated with a neoplasm, most commonly of the lung. Several patients also had pruritus, palmoplantar keratoderma, ichthyosis, vesiculobullous lesions, and/or eosinophilia. Histopathologic findings are nonspecific. The skin findings usually disappear with therapy for the underlying malignancy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

A case of pyoderma vegetans and the follicular occlusion triad.

A case of pyoderma vegetans (PYV) and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is described. Our patient had a previous history of perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens and acne conglobata. Direct immunofluorescence findings ruled out pemphigus vegetans and suggested a potential pathogenic mechanism.

Acne Vulgaris↗