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Biomedical subjects

A Rohner

Publications and source records attributed to A Rohner.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Wirsungorrhagia].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetic study of a cephalosporin: cefoperazone in patients with a Kehr drain].

Cefoperazone is a semi-synthetic cefalosporine for parenteral use which has an excellent activity against a wide range of grampositive and gramnegative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Proteus indole positive and Serratia marcescens. The pharmacokinetics of the new antibiotic have been studied in patients who had undergone cholecystectomy and choledochotomy for lithiasis and who required T-tube drainage of the bile duct. Five patients were anicteric and one was icteric. Mean serum concentration of cefoperazone determined by a microbiological method) measured after a two-hour intravenous perfusion of 2 g cefoperazone was 198.6 microgram/lm; this level is higher than the mean level measured in normal subjects (134 microgram/ml) but lower than the mean level measured in patients with hepatic insufficiency (208 microgram/ml). Apparent half life of elimination was longer (mean 4.1 hours) in the patients than in controls (mean 1.6 hours) and compares with that of patients with hepatic insufficiency (mean 4.3 hours). The distribution volume and renal clearance are similar to that in healthy volunteers and patients with hepatic insufficiency. Extrarenal clearance of cefoperazone was significantly lower in our patients (15.8 ml/min), as it is in patients with hepatic insufficiency (7.3 ml/min), than in the control group (59.4) ml/min). Cefoperazone concentrations in the bile were 10-20 times higher than those in the serum; in the icteric patient the concentrations achieved were still higher than the MIC values for organisms commonly encountered in the bile. These results open the way to the use of cefoperazone to treat infectious biliary diseases, particularly angiocholitis, which need a high biliary antibiotic concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Dilated Wirsung's ducts: contribution of axial tomometry].

The normal pancreatic main duct is not visualized by CT except with the latest equipment permitting a slice thickness of 1-2 mm. In our series the main duct dilatation is due to benign lesions in 46% of the cases and due to malignancies in 54%. In the absence of typical signs of chronic pancreatitis and of clinical features of acute pancreatitis, the duct dilatation is usually of tumoral origin. CT frequently is sufficiently diagnostic for surgery to be performed. In duct dilatation with evidence of obstructive lesion, E.R.C.P. is still required.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas].

Benign or malignant cystadenoma of the pancreas is a rare but not exceptional tumor. Up to present, 300 of the former and 100 of the latter have been reported in the world literature. Three personal observations are reported, comprising 2 benign cystadenomas, the first discovered on abdominal palpation and the second after massive bleeding of gastric varices and thrombosis of the splenic vein. After removal of the tumor both patients were alive 20 and 7 1/2 years later respectively. Total excision of a cystadenocarcinoma in a third case required 90% pancreatectomy with ensuing diabetes. A review of the literature shows that total excision of a cystadenocarcinoma is always justified since the survival rate approximates 70%. This contrasts singularly with the catastrophic prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Cystadenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Mechanical versus pharmacologic prevention of deep venous thrombosis.

The prevention postoperatively of deep venous thrombosis was studied using three different regimens in 227 patients undergoing surgical procedures. Seventy-six patients received 5,000 units of heparin subcutaneously and 0.5 milligrams of dihydroergotamine twice a day. In 76 patients, intermittent pneumatic compression of the legs was applied preoperatively and postoperatively with active physiotherapy. The last 75 patients received subcutaneously 5,000 units of heparin each eight hours. Systematic deep venous thrombosis detection was carried out using both the 125I fibrinogen test and the Doppler method, being confirmed by phlebography if positive. The 125I fibrinogen test proved to be more sensitive and more specific. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were comparable in the groups, mechanical prophylaxis being as effective as the two other regimens. No side-effects were noted with the use of intermittent compression boots. A venoconstricting agent associated with heparin may permit smaller doses with the same prophylactic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A new method in differential diagnosis of the liver: identification of liver pulsating activities by spectral analysis of radio-isotope counts during liver scan. Comparative studies by ultrasonography.

Liver scanning with 99mCi 99Tc sulphur-colloid was practiced in 50 patients: 30 suffering from malignant tumors, 10 from hepatic cirrhosis and 10 from pyrexia of unknown origin. Liver radioactivity was recorded by a gamma-camera connected to a computer, 1 frame each 10 seconds for 15 minutes. The spectral analysis of the radioactivity counts taken in different region of interest, showed evidence of a periodic fluctuation, with a period value around 1 minute. Comparative ultrasonographic dynamic study showed evidence of the same phenomena in 16 examined patients. The period of pulsation was found different in each of the following groups: normal liver, cirrhotic, metastatic and infectious diseases.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1980

[Surgery of cancer of the pancreas: a therapeutic dilemma].

The results of pancreatectomy are compared with those of palliative procedures. Over a 16-year period, 49 patients were operated on and underwent either total or partial pancreatectomy. In spite of the age of the patients, post-operative mortality did not increase (10.2%) but the rate of resectability has improved (32%).

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Surgery of pancreatic cancer].

Present-day arguments for and against resection for pancreatic cancer are reviewed. The published results are certainly very disappointing and do not seem to justify the risk and the effort involved. However, considering the increased incidence of pancreatic cancer and the advent of new diagnostic tools, the author feels this is not the moment to abandon resection.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1980

[Surgical treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis].

15 cases of acute necrotizing pancreatitis are reported. The necessity of early diagnosis and operative treatment are emphasized. Axial computerized tomography is a major progress in the diagnosis. As for the operative treatment we advocate a wide drainage of the pancreatic area, a gastrostomy for suction, a cholecystostomy and a jejunostomy for nutrition. Postoperative mortality is, however, around 27%.

Acute Disease↗