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Biomedical subjects

A Rashid

Publications and source records attributed to A Rashid.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Active T and EA-rosette-forming cells in human cadaver renal allograft recipients.

Active T(AT) and EA-rosette-forming cells (RFC) were determined in seventeen haemodialysis patients and twenty-two renal allograft recipients to correlate these estimates with the clinical outcome of renal allografts. Either AT- or EA-RFC or both were found to be elevated during the period of rejection crisis. Assays for AT- and EA-RFC were found to be complementary suggesting that they may be detecting two different types of rejection crises. Thus, determination of AT- and EA-RFC in the peripheral blood may prove to be useful in the routine immunological monitoring of renal allograft recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of blood transfusions on renal allograft survival.

One and two-year allograft survival rates of 117 first and 20 second consecutive cadaveric renal allografts are analyzed. The following observations were made: (1) Pretransplant blood transfusions may not improve rate of allograft survival per se. (2) Pretransplant blood transfusions may, however, reduce the number and the severity of rejection episodes in the early posttransplantation period. Thus, the allograft survival, especially in the nontransfused patients, may perhaps be influenced more by the effective manipulation of immunosuppressive therapy during rejection episodes. (3) The presence of lymphocytotoxins per se may not have any deleterious effect on the survival of second allografts.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1978

Histocompatibility antigens in urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux: a preliminary communication.

Various factors may predispose urinary tract infection (UTI) due to E. coliin pediatric patients. Our observations on HLA typing of three families and 36 unrelated patients with recurrent UTI suggest that reflux is inherited through factors(s) loacated on the sixth pair of human chromosome in a close linkage with the Major Histocompatibility Complex. Thus, HLA haplotyping may be used as a marker for vesicoureteral reflux within a family. HLA specificity AW32 may be in linkage disequilibrium with factor(s) responsible for reflux. Furthermore, HLA typing of UTI patients revealed that certain HLA specificities (A2, A10 and BW16) may be assoicated with the susceptibility to UTI due to E. coli regardless of the presence of a reflux. The incidence of blood group A was found to be elevated in patients with recurrent TUI but only in the group which had no detectable reflux.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in coronary arterial disease.

This investigation was designed to determine the role of echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular function in patients with significant coronary arterial disease. Satisfactory echocardiograms were obtained in 43 patients with coronary arterial disease. The ventriculographic ejection fraction was determined by the area length method. The echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was increased to more than 5-4 cm in 17 patients. Fifteen of these patients had an ejection fraction of 0-45 or less. Three patients had a normal left ventricular end-diastolic dimension but an ejection fraction of less than 0-45. Twenty-three patients had an ejection fraction of more than 0-45 and a normal left ventricular end-diastolic dimension. The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index was increased (greater than 3 cm/m2) in 15 patients, all of whom had ejection fraction of less than 0-45. Three patients had a normal left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index and an ejection fraction of less than 0-45. Twenty-five patients had a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index of less than 3 cm/m2 or less and an ejection fraction of more than 0-45. The percentage fractional shortening of the echocardiographic left ventricular dimension was reduced in 25 patients. In 18 of these the ejection fraction was 0-45 or less. The percentage fractional shortening of the left ventricle was normal in 18 patients. In 2 of them the ejection fraction was less than 0-45. In summary, increase of the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension or left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index is usually associated with a critical reduction of the ejection fraction as determined by ventriculography. Since the ejection fraction is an important determinant of mortality related to bypass graft surgery, echocardiography should be useful in the detection of patients with a poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Post-transplant monitoring of renal allograft recipients for T, B and null lymphocyte subpopulations.

Time-course studies in ten allograft recipients showed a significant reduction in the percentage of T cells in the immediate post-transplantation period. This was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of both B and 'null' cells. T, B and 'null' cell percentages reverted to normal by the 6th month after transplantation at a time when patients had achieved stable renal function and were receiving only maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. Similar trends were observed with regard to absolute number of T, B and null cells. Both pre- and post-transplant plasma samples failed to inhibit T-rosette formation. Transient B rosette inhibitory activity was, however, observed in the plasma samples of two patients but did not appear to correlate with the mixed leucocyte culture blocking factor activity (MLC-BFA) of these plasma samples. In the group of patients studied there was no apparent association between percent or absoulte T, B and 'null' cell determinations and the onset of rejection crises.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Development of specific nonreactivity in human cadaveric renal allograft recipients.

The development of specific nonreactivity and mixed leukocyte culture blocking factor activity (MLC-BFA) was serially studied in three cadaveric renal allograft recipients. All patients developed hypo and/or nonreactivity in the MLC reaction to the specific donor but not to an indifferent donor. Specific hypo and/or nonreactivity observed in the MLC reaction was independent of recipient's response to PHA which remained normal. Broad reacting MLC-BFA declined and subsequently disappeared after the state of specific nonreactivity was achieved. Several allograft rejection crisis occurred during the active stage, but these crises subsided once the nonreactivity was achieved.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1976

Lymphocyte transformation in human plasma without addition of synthetic medium. A study of immune function in patients with chronic uraemia or diabetes mellitus.

The in vitro response of lymphocytes obtained from normal subjects, uraemic patients on haemodialysis and diabetic patients was studied using cultures containing either medium plus plasma (medium cultures) or plasma alone (plasma cultures). The study demonstrated that plasma alone can adequately support lymphocyte transformation induced by nonspecific mitogens (PHA and PWM) and allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction. This investigation further confirms our previously reported findings that uraemic patients undergoing haemodialysis have a normal lymphocyte response in MLC and to PHA and PWM. Plasma cultures give results similar to conventional medium cultures in subjects where lymphocyte transformation is normal. The lymphocyte hyporactivity observed in diabetics is, however, better shown in the plasma cultures. The suppressed response of the diabetic patient's lymphocytes to PHA and PWM both in the presence of autologous and normal AB plasma suggests intrinsic lymphocyte dysfunction as the explanation for impaired immune function. Plasma cultures may provide a better in vitro system for the evaluation of immune function in certain groups of patients where it is desirable to distinguish between intrinsic abnormalities of lymphocyte function and the effect of humoral immunosuppressive factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) infection in a hemodialysis unit. II. Factors affecting host immune response to HBsAg.

Serum from 86 hemodialysis patients, 105 healthy hospital staff "at risk" and 160 regular hospital staff was screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs). The combined prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs was higher in the staff of the artificial kidney unit (57.7%) than in the hemodialysis patients (33.7%). The healthy subjects with HBsAg infection responded significantly more often by producing anti-HBs compared with the hemodialysis patients. Twelve of 29 (41.4%) hemodialysis patients with HBsAg infection produced anti-HBs, while 17 (58.6%) remained positive for HBsAg. This differential response could not be attributed to age, sex, time spent undergoing hemodialysis, delayed cutaneous reactivity or response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). However, a much larger proportion of patients with HBsAg than with anti-HBs had previously received blood transfusions (88.2% v. 33.3%). Our results indicate that development of the chronic HBsAg carrier state or production of anti-HBs in uremic patients may be influenced by the route of immunization or the dose of antigen, or both. Although uremic patients maintain normal in vitro response to PHA and PWM, they may have depressed immunity in vivo because of a decreased total number of T-lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

An appraisal of peritoneal lavage in the diagnosis of the acute abdomen.

Forty-seven selected patients presenting with acute abdominal symptoms were investigated by examination of the fluid obtained by peritoneal lavage. In 34 patients this confirmed the clinical diagnosis, in 11 it was a more positive help in that it corrected an erroneous clinical diagnosis and in 2 the results of the investigation were misleading.

Abdomen, Acute↗