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Biomedical subjects

A Nishio

Publications and source records attributed to A Nishio.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Sister-chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations by DHAQ and related anthraquinone derivatives in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells by doxorubicin (adriamycin), DHAQ and several related anthraquinone derivatives was investigated. Doxorubicin, DHAQ and some of its analogues exhibited genotoxic effects at 1 nM concentration. Among them, DHAQ possessed the strongest activity. The DNA-damaging action of these substituted anthraquinone compounds correlated well with their antiproliferative effect on cells, and this action was detectable at concentrations significantly below that which caused inhibition of cell proliferation. Our data suggest that the genotoxic effects of the compounds occur prior to manifestation of their antiproliferative activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Studies on chronic toxicity of the low levels of O, O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothionate (sumithion) in the rat.

To observe the chronic toxicity of Sumithion (o, o-dimethyl, o-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothionate), 8 groups of male and female rats were fed for one year with control food and food containing 1, 5 and 25 ppm of the compound. Acute toxicity was also done. We obtained the following results; 1. Oral an intraperitoneal LD50 of male rats were 250 and 500 mg/kg and those of female rats were 310 and 500 mg/kg respectively. All rats showed neurotropic symptoms according to dose. 2. There was no significant difference in body weights, food and water intakes for one year experiment at those dose levels. Some pneumonitis was observed by histological findings in experimental groups at the end of the experiment. 4. Acetylcholinesterase activity of brain, liver and red blood cells slightly decreased in the first month after feeding, but it recovered and kept normal level unit the end of experiment.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1982

[Compared studies of antimicrobial agents against E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus isolated from urinary tract infections].

In vitro activities of antibacterial agents against E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus which were isolated from patients urinary tract infections at 8 hospitals in Japan, were investigated by agar dilution method from July to October in 1979. The summarized results are as follows. 1. Among oral antibacterial agents, MPC and PPA have showed potent antibacterial activities against E. coli and Klebsiella. Among parenteral antibiotics, CTM was the most active against E. coli and Klebsiella. However, ABPC-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella have appeared to occupy about 40% and 96% of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections, respectively. 2. In vitro activities of antibacterial agents against Proteus and Citrobacter showed not so potent. 3. Causative organisms in female patients with simple urinary tract infections were mainly E. coli and Klebsiella. 4. Among oral antibacterial agents, PPA have shown similar antimicrobial activities against E. coli isolated from simple and complicated urinary tract infections. ABPC and MPC have been influenced in some degree by these factors. However, parenteral antibiotics are not influenced by these factors. On the other hand, in vitro activities of antibacterial agents against Klebsiella isolated from simple and complicated urinary tract infections were similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Symposium on Surface Replacement Arthroplasty of the Hip. Socket and cup surface replacement.

Pain relief is the most striking feature following this procedure. In Group I, in which the metal acetabular socket and the metal femoral cup were used, 60 per cent of the patients gained satisfactory pain relief at five to nine years of follow-up. In Group II, in which the metal-polyethylene socket and the metal cup were used, 84 per cent of the patients gained satisfactory pain relief, with 1 to 5 years of follow-up. There have been 12 revision cases in the 130 hips operated on, with the average time to revision being 3 years and 10 months. Revision procedures consisted of the conventional total hip replacement (seven cases), replacement of the socket and/or the cup (four cases), and arthrodesis (one case). The secondary operations could be performed without difficulties, probably because no bone cement was used in our surface replacement. No cases of pulmonary embolism, thrombophlebitis, deep infection, heterotopic ossification, or femoral neck fracture were encountered after the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Antiproliferative activity of doxorubicin and aminoanthraquinone derivatives on Chinese hamster ovary cells.

A study of the antiproliferative activity of doxorubicin and several substituted aminoanthraquinone derivatives on Chinese hamster ovary cells was conducted. Doxorubicin and a derivative each inhibited cell proliferation at low concentrations, the latter being more potent than doxorubicin. A structure-activity relationship of these compounds is discussed in connection with an earlier postulated N-O-O triangulation hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The antipyretic effects of aminopyrine and sodium acetylsalicylate on endotoxin-induced fever in rabbits (author's transl)].

The antipyretic effects of aminopyrine and sodium acetylsalicylate on endotoxin-induced fever in rabbits were studied relative to the route and dose of administration. Intravenous administration of aminopyrine produced a marked antipyretic effect, intracisternal administration produced a lesser effect and i.v. was the effective route. Similar results were obtained in the nonfebrile rabbits. On the contrary, the intracisternal administration of sodium acetylsalicylate reduced the body temperature to the same degree both in febrile and nonfebrile rabbits, but sodium acetylsalicylate given i.v. to nonfebrile rabbits did not reduce the body temperature. 4-aminoantipyrine and N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine, the major metabolites of aminopyrine had a lesser effect in the febrile rabbits. Antipyretic effects of sodium salicylate, the metabolite of sodium acetylsalicylate were similar to the effects of sodium acetylsalicylate. These data suggest that the antipyretic effects of aminopyrine may not be involved in the CNS, while the antipyretic effects of salicylate may be due to a direct action on the CNS.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1981

[Experimental and clinical studies on tobramycin by intravenous drip infusion in the field of urology (author's transl)].

We carried out experimental and clinical studies on tobramycin (TOB), and the following results obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TOB against clinically isolated 20 strains of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, S. marcescens and S. faecalis was determined. Except of S. marcescens, the great part of those strains were under than 25 micrograms/ml. 2. Clinical effect TOB was treated 11 patients with chronic complicated urinary tract infection in the dose of 40-60 mg twice a day for 5 days by intravenous drip infusion. Clinical effect was excellent in 2 patients, good in 4 and poor in 5, efficacy rate was 55%. In bacteriological effects, eradication rate of causative 12 strains was 67%. Side effect was not observed for all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Development changes in the febrile response to endotoxin in rabbit.

The pyrogenicity of E. coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) was measured at both 25 degrees C and neutral temperatures (Tn) in day -1 to adult rabbits. Intravenous injection of endotoxin (0.5 micrograms/kg) produced febrile response at Tn in day -1 rabbits, but not at 25 degrees C. A similar response was observed when endotoxin was injected s.c. (1.0 micrograms/kg) or intracisternally (0.0001 micrograms/kg). The mean magnitude of the rise of rectal temperature increased with the advance of age. Propranolol abolished the endotoxin-fever in day 3 rabbits. The inhibitory effect of propranolol was incomplete in day 14 rabbits and was not seen in day 28 rabbits. The inhibitory effect of phentolamine was not observed in day 3 and day 28 rabbits, but the blocker reduced the febrile response in day 14 rabbits. No shivering activity was evident in day 3 rabbits after injection of endotoxin. In the day 7 and 14 rabbits, shivering was less significant and of shorter duration than in the case of day 28 rabbits. The endotoxin caused no significant decrease in ear skin temperature in day 3 rabbits. A decrease in ear skin temperature was observed in rabbits older than 14 days. Thus, pyrogenic sensitivity is apparent even in day -1 rabbits. The mechanism of the heat production underlying endotoxin-fever gradually shifted from the nonshivering thermogenesis mediated by catecholamines to shivering thermogenesis during the first month of life.

Animals↗