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Biomedical subjects

A Nishio

Publications and source records attributed to A Nishio.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1982). I. Susceptibility distribution].

In vitro activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections were investigated by dilution method using MIC 2000 (Dynatec) during July to October in 1982. The summarized results are as follows: PMPC and CCL have showed potent activities against E coli among the oral antimicrobial agents. PMPC and CCL at 3.13 micrograms/ml inhibited 90% of E. coli tested. CTM, CTX, CZX, CMX and LMOX at concentrations of 0.39 microgram/ml or less among the parenteral antimicrobial agents inhibited 90% of E. coli tested. The value of MIC90 (concentration at which 90% of isolates are inhibited) against K. pneumoniae results in the resistant range for ABPC, NA, CEX, CCL and ST. Among the parenteral cephems, CMX seemed most effective against K. pneumoniae tested. C. freundii seemed generally low susceptible to antimicrobial agents tested. Among the oral agents, PMPC, PPA and ST have showed moderate activity against C. freundii. Among the parenteral agents, CMX and LMOX also showed moderate activity against C. freundii, inhibiting 50% of the strains tested at 6.25 micrograms/ml. Among the oral agents, PMPC showed the most potent activity against E. cloacae. E. cloacae tested were highly resistant to the first and second generation cephems. Among the third generation, CMX seemed the most potent activity against E. cloacae isolated. However, CMX concentration of 1.56 micrograms/ml was necessary to inhibit 50% of tested E. cloacae. P. mirabilis tested was resistant to all oral antimicrobial agents except CCL and ST. The value of MIC90 of the first and second generation cephems against P. mirabilis results in the moderately susceptible range (6.25-25 micrograms/ml). The third generation seemed most effective against P. mirabilis tested. PMPC, NA, PPA and ST concentrations of 0.78-1.56 micrograms/ml were necessary to inhibit 50% of tested P. vulgaris. CEZ and CTM, seemed less potent activity than CFX and CMZ against P. vulgaris. CTX, CZX, CMX and LMOX except CPZ have showed potent activities against P. vulgaris, these at 0.1 micrograms/ml or less inhibited 50% of P. vulgaris tested. P. aeruginosa has been resistant to the third generation cephems except CPZ, but TOB, GM, AMK, CFS, PIPC and CPZ have showed high activities against P. aeruginosa, inhibiting 50% of the strains tested at 0.39-6.25 micrograms/ml. The oral antimicrobial agents, and first and second generation cephems had not showed significant activity against S. marcescens. And strains of S. marcescens were relatively susceptible to the third generation cephems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1982). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

In vitro susceptibilities have been investigated against several species isolated from patients with simple and complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) during 1980-1982. Antimicrobial activities of the third generation cephems against E. coli isolated from patients with complicated UTI were found to decrease slightly in 1982. And those against Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients with simple and complicated UTI were also found to decrease similarly. Against P. mirabilis, all the drugs tested have showed relatively potent activities and slight changes in the susceptibility. The marked decrease of susceptibility against Citrobacter spp. isolated from UTI have been found even in the third generation cephems. Especially, Citrobacter spp. exhibited a greater degree of resistant to CZX and CPZ. Strains of P. aeruginosa were on the whole susceptible to the drugs tested, CFS, GM, TOB and AMK, inhibiting 50-80% of the strains tested at 1.56 micrograms/ml. CTX, CZX and CMX seemed most effective against S. marcescens among the third generation cephems, inhibiting 50-90% of the strains tested at 3.13 micrograms/ml.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1982). II. Background of patients].

The frequency of the causative strains in urinary tract infections was investigated from the point of view of the patient's background such as age, sex administration of antibiotics and so on. Especially, the frequency of the causative strains isolated from patients within 3 days after the administration of antibiotics has markedly decreased. However, the frequency of the resistant strains such as P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp. and Serratia spp. has increased after 8 days' administration of antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Enhanced chondrocytic differentiation in chick limb bud cell cultures by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase.

Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, namely nicotinamide, benzamide, m-methoxybenzamide and 3-aminobenzamide, augmented chondrocytic differentiation chick embryo limb bud mesenchymal cells, in culture. These inhibitors stimulated early appearance and massive formation of cartilage nodules in micromass cultures stage 23-24 chick embryos. They also induced nodule formation in micromass and cartilage colonies at micromass plating densities from stage 18-19 embryo Benzamide, however, did not prevent differentiated chondrocytes from undergoing a pleiotypic change in cell type. These results are compatible with the putative regulatory function of poly(ADP-ribose) on cell differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy.

The clinical and roentgenographic manifestations of six cases suffering from spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy are presented. The roentgenographic features consist of generalized platyspondyly and varying degrees of epiphyseal involvement with conspicuous enlargement of both ends of the short tubular bones of the hands. This disorder appears at an earlier age, and is more crippling than the usual form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda. It is suggested that orthopaedic measures are essential for all patients with this disorder, as profound disability may be expected by progressive involvement of the major joints.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cellular uptake and inhibition of DNA synthesis by dihydroxyanthraquinone and two analogues.

Three analogues of aminoalkylamino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives, namely, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis(((2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)amino))-9,10-anthracenedione (DHAQ), 1-hydroxy-5,8-bis(((2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)amino))-9,10-anthracenedione (HAQ), and 1,4-bis(((2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)amino))-9,10-anthracenedione (AQ), were chosen with respect to the number of hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring. DHAQ showed about 100 times more potent antiproliferative activity on cultured mouse L-cells than did AQ; HAW showed intermediate activity. This antiproliferative activity was correlated with their inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis in culture. When their inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis was conducted in a permeabilized L-cell assay, all compounds were inhibitory; the order of potency was DHAQ greater than HAQ greater than AQ. The same order of potency was also observed in calf thymus DNA and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I system. Their inhibitory effect in the latter system was correlated with the drug:DNA molar ratio, and not with drug:enzyme ratio. Comparative uptake of the drugs by intact L-cells showed the highest uptake of DHAQ followed by those of HAQ and AQ. The large differences in their uptake by intact cells became minimal when cells were rendered permeable to exogenous materials or when nuclei were used. Hence, these studies revealed that the hydroxyl group on the aromatic ring of the compounds influenced their biological activity not only by potentiating drug-target interaction but also by drug uptake into cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Comparison of antibacterial potencies of oral and parenteral antibiotic preparations against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Proteus isolated from urinary tract infections (3: 1981) 1. Susceptibility distribution].

In vitro activities of antibacterial agents against E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus which were isolated from patients with urinary tract infections at 8 hospitals in Japan, were investigated by dilution broth method using MIC 2000 (Dynatec) during July to October in 1981. The summarized results are as follows: Among oral antibacterial agents, MPC and PPA have showed potent antibacterial activities against E. coli and Klebsiella. In vitro activities of oral antibacterial agents against Proteus and Citrobacter showed not so potent. Among the first and second generation's parenteral antibacterial agents, CTM has showed potent antibacterial activities against E. coli and Klebsiella. Among the third generation's parenteral antibacterial agents, CMX, CTX and CZX have showed potent antibacterial activities against E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and Citrobacter.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Comparison of antibacterial potencies of oral and parenteral antibiotic preparations against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Proteus isolated from urinary tract infections (3: 1981). 2. Changes in bacterial sensitivities].

Since 1979 the antibacterial activity of antibiotics against E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus isolated from patients with urinary tract infections has been investigated. The serious transition of susceptibilities of E. coli and Klebsiella could not be recognized in these antibiotics (MPC, ABPC, NA, PPA, CEX, CEZ, CTM, CMZ and CFX). However, a few resistant organisms against the third generation's antibiotics (CTX, CMX, CZX, LMOX and CPZ) have already been appeared, we have to observe these results, continuously.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Comparison of antibacterial potencies of oral and parenteral antibiotic preparations against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Proteus isolated from urinary tract infections (3. 1981). 3. Patient backgrounds and bacterial sensitivities].

Routine susceptibilities testing of microorganisms isolated from patients are of restricted usefulness in the treatment of patients because of the delay in obtaining results. Thus, the empiric chemotherapy based on the susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from patients is necessary for the majority of patients with simple and complicated urinary tract infections. In this study the relation between changing susceptibility and background factors such as age, a sex distinction, antibiotics, areas in Japan, simple and complicated UTI and so on, has been investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Induction of DNA strand breaks and chromosome abnormalities by an imide derivative of 3-nitro-1,8-naphthalic acid (mitonafide) in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Mitonafide (5-nitro-2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-benzo- [de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione hydrochloride), a new candidate as an anticancer or antiviral agent, inhibited the incorporation of DNA precursors into the acid-insoluble fractions of cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and also into CHO cells made permeable (i.e., "permeabilized") that were supplemented with ATP and deoxynucleoside triphosphates. Mitonafide enhanced the degradation of previously incorporated [3H]thymidine and increased the amount of DNA recovered in fractions containing single-stranded DNA after alkaline denaturation and hydroxyapatite chromatography. At concentrations of 0.01 and 1.0 microM, respectively, mitonafide increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in CHO cells. The inhibition of DNA synthesis in a permeabilized cell system suggested that mitonafide acted on the DNA-synthesizing apparatus without requiring metabolic conversion and interfered with DNA synthesis independent of the cellular metabolism of DNA precursors. Mitonafide induced DNA strand breaks and chromosome abnormalities in cultured cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical study on long acting amoxicillin in urinary tract infection].

Amoxicillin (AMPC), a widely used oral penicillin exhibites a strong bactericidal activity and a high level of safety. In the present study we administered L-AMPC, long acting AMPC granule, to 18 cases with urinary tract infections and obtained the following clinical results. 1. In all cases with acute simple cystitis, the effect was excellent. 2. Of 12 cases with chronic complicated UTI, the effect was excellent in 1 case, good in 4 cases and no effect was noted in 7 cases. The efficacy rate was 41.7%. 3. No side effects nor abnormal values in the laboratory examinations were noted. 4. Sixteen of 18 cases reported that this preparation was very agreeable to take compared with other powder type drugs, capsules and tablets. From these results we can confidently state that L-AMPC is a highly useful drug combining the excellent properties of AMPC, the convenience of b.i.d. dosage which improves patients compliance and satisfactory efficacy.

Adult↗