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Biomedical subjects

A Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to A Murakami.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A case report of anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery from innominate artery associated with left sided unilateral pulmonary hypertension].

A 7-year-old girl, who was diagnosed as anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery from innominate artery associated with left sided unilateral pulmonary hypertension due to left patent ductus arteriosus, was reported. The right pulmonary artery had a stenotic segment of it's origin containing ductal tissue. Operation was performed without the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass. The continuity between main and right pulmonary arteries was established by a pericardial roll graft. The postoperative course was uneventful and she is very well three years after correction. To our knowledge, this is a very rare case with such combination of congenital anomalies as anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery and left sided unilateral pulmonary hypertension to be reported in the literature in Japan.

Brachiocephalic Trunk↗
PubMed1990

[Cancer chemotherapy of high-age patients with gastrointestinal malignancies].

Recently, high aged patients with malignancies have increased in number. When cancer chemotherapy is applied for the high aged patients, kinds or doses of anti-cancer drugs must be more carefully selected or decided than for younger patients, because it is said that the side effects of anti-cancer drugs would easily induce irreversible organ disorders and death in high aged patients. The effects of cancer chemotherapy were compared between high aged patients (over 75 years) and younger patients (5 decade years) with special reference to side effects. The patients underwent cancer chemotherapy were 79.7% of high aged patients and 93.6% of younger. The reasons why cancer chemotherapy was not carried out were high age (5.6% of high aged patients), poor general conditions (7.0% in high aged, 2.3% in younger) and post operative complications (7.0% in high aged, 3.2% in younger). The proportion of patients suffered side effects was almost same in both groups. Dead cases caused by side effects of anti-cancer drugs were 5 in high aged patients (4.4%) and 7 in younger (3.4%). The reason why the proportion of side effects in both groups was not different was that the doses of anti-cancer drugs given for high aged patients were reduced to 80-90% of those for younger patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Cautionary note for DMPO spin trapping in the presence of iron ion.

2-Hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (DMPO-OH), which is known to be produced by spin trapping of hydroxyl radicals (.OH) with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and has been a good monitor for detecting .OH in biological systems, has been examined by EPR for its production scheme in the presence of iron ion. In an aqueous DMPO solution containing ferric ion (Fe3+), DMPO-OH was produced and addition of methanol, a good scavenger for .OH, to this solution led to an aminoxyl radical, DMPO-OCH3, instead of DMPO-CH2OH which is produced by DMPO spin trapping of .CH2OH arising from H-abstraction by .OH. Also EPR measurements at 77K indicated the formation of a chelate between DMPO and Fe3+. Based on these, it has been elucidated that DMPO-OH as well as DMPO-OCH3 is formed by the nucleophilic attack of water and methanol to the chelating DMPO, respectively.

Cyclic N-Oxides↗
PubMed1990

The influence of hyperthermia in vitro on the functions of peritoneal macrophages in mice.

Total-body hyperthermia (TBHT) as a treatment for cancer may lead to a reduction in the host's immunocompetence as a result of the direct effects of heat on the immune system. Thus, we studied the influences of hyperthermia in vitro on the function of peritoneal macrophages from mice. Peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeN mice were heated in vitro for 3 hr at 37, 39, 40, 41 or 42 degrees C. After exposure to heat, the phagocytic ability of the macrophages, as well as results of the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test and the cytotoxicity test were examined. The changes in all these parameters showed almost the same pattern: a tendency for macrophage functions to be potentiated up to 40 degrees C, and a tendency towards inhibited functioning at temperatures above 41 degrees C. Although augmented functions of macrophages were observed after exposure to mild hyperthermia (less than 40 degrees C), the possibility of TBHT (42 degrees C)-induced inhibition of macrophage function must be further investigated in clinical trials of TBHT therapy for cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Role of Lugol dye endoscopy in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer.

To evaluate the role of Lugol dye endoscopy in diagnosing early esophageal cancer, we reviewed findings of dye endoscopy and those of conventional endoscopy in 17 early esophageal cancers that were demonstrated as unstained areas on dyeing with Lugol solution. Histologically, all 17 lesions were squamous cell carcinomas; 10 lesions being mucosal carcinomas, the remaining 7 lesions mucosal carcinomas spreading beyond the epithelial layer. The lesions ranged from 0.7 to 4.0 cm in size. Abnormal findings were noted under conventional endoscopy in all but 3 lesions diagnosed only by postoperative pathohistology, regardless of the size and depth of the invasion. Under conventional endoscopy, the following types of morphological changes were noted in 8 (57.1%) of the 14 lesions: slight elevation (1 lesion), depression (6 lesions), and deformed arc (1 lesion). A color change was noted endoscopically in 12 of the 14 lesions (85.7%), this change being redness in all 12 lesions. The unstained area on the resected specimen was consistent with the size of the lesion that was determined by using serially sectioned blocks in all cases. Moreover, the former completely (100%) coincided with the histological area where PAS reaction was weak. In conclusion, under conventional endoscopy, a color change such as redness is an important indicator of minute or superficial esophageal cancer, as is such morphological change as depression, elevation or deformed arc. On the other hand, Lugol dye endoscopy is very helpful in detecting esophageal cancer unassociated with any morphological or color change. It also provides accurate information about the extent of the cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Extra mouse mammary tumor proviruses in DBA/2 mouse lymphomas acquire a selective advantage in lymphocytes by alteration in the U3 region of the long terminal repeat.

We determined the nucleotide sequences of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) from mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) proviruses acquired in two DBA/2 mouse lymphoma cell lines, MLA and DL-8. Proviruses from MLA contained a 352-base-pair deletion from nucleotides 669 to 1020 in the U3 region of the LTR, whereas the LTR alteration of the DL-8 provirus involved both a similar 360-base-pair deletion and generation of a tandem repeat region consisting of sequences of flanking deletions. To assess the function of the rearranged LTRs, we constructed plasmids in which normal and rearranged LTRs drove the reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and transfected them into T-cell lines (Jurkat, Molt-3, and DL-8) and the mammary tumor cell line T47D. Both rearranged LTRs were transcriptionally active, but normal LTRs were not active in either the presence or absence of glucocorticoids in all T-cell lines. In T47D cells, however, the MLA provirus LTR showed the same glucocorticoid- or progestin-dependent transcriptional activity as did normal LTRs. The DL-8 provirus LTR acquired a novel enhancer(s) by rearrangement and thus had a high basal transcriptional activity in T47D cells. The results of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays using plasmids with various chimeric MMTV LTRs revealed that the rearranged LTRs had lost their negative regulatory element and contained an enhancer element that was highly homologous to the enhancer A element of polyomavirus (from nucleotides 525 to 558). GR but not C3H mouse MMTV contained this enhancer. These results elucidate some of the molecular mechanisms involved in the selection of mutant MMTVs with rearranged LTRs in lymphoma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in tissues and sera from patients with gastric cancer.

Detection of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 in tissues and sera was performed by an immunoperoxidase assay and by radioimmunoassay of samples from patients with gastric cancer. Twenty-eight of 102 (27.5%) gastrectomized patients and 13 of 21 (44.8%) patients with recurrent cancer showed abnormal and elevated levels of CA 19-9 in sera of more than 37 U/ml. Sixty-five of 102 (63.7%) patients gave positive localizations of CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues and 20 of 102 (19.6%) gave positive localizations of CA 19-9 in noncancerous gastric mucosa. Twenty-five of 28 (89.3%) patients with elevated serum CA 19-9 showed positive evidence of CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues, and 37 of 74 (50.0%) patients with normal serum levels of CA 19-9 also showed positive evidence of CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues. However, there were no clear relationships between CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues or in sera and the stage or histological type of the gastric cancer. These data indicate that CA 19-9 may be not released easily into blood circulation or that the concentration of CA 19-9 in tissues may be low, even though a large proportion of gastric cancer cells produces CA 19-9. It appears, therefore, that CA 19-9 will be restricted clinical use as a detector, monitor or tumor-associated antigen of gastric cancer.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1990

DMPO spin trapping in the presence of Fe ion.

Aminoxyl radical formation from DMPO in the presence of Fe ion was studied to clarify the ambiguous ESR signals obtained by spin trapping with DMPO. It was found that when DMPO was used in a Fenton system, a Fe-DMPO complex was formed immediately. This complex was subsequently attacked by oxidative species originating from H2O2 and thus oxidative degradation of DMPO was induced in the Fenton system. On the other hand, in the case of M4PO, the degradation was found to be very slow, indicating that the 3 position of DMPO was favorably attacked by the oxidative species. Some of the degradation products are probably aminoxyl radicals. This series of the degradation products are probably aminoxyl radicals. This series of reactions may compete with spin trapping and make it difficult to analyze ESR spectra obtained in the presence of Fe ion.

Cyclic N-Oxides↗
PubMed1990

Association of hst gene expression with metastatic phenotype in mouse mammary tumors.

From the pregnancy-dependent mouse mammary tumor TPDMT-4, four autonomous sublines were established after its independent progression under different conditions. Despite their similar growth rates in inguinal fat pads, three sublines formed lung metastases, and one did not when they were injected i.v. into mice as a single cell suspension. The TPDMT-4 tumor and the nonmetastatic subline expressed mRNA for the orf gene of mouse mammary tumor virus, whereas all metastatic sublines did not. This suggested that the loss of its expression may have been a prerequisite for the progression toward metastatic ability. To identify the gene(s) participating in the generation and the progression of TPDMT-4, the expression of 23 different oncogenes was analyzed. The expression of int-2 was detected in TPDMT-4 and in all sublines, indicating that TPDMT-4 was generated by activation of this gene, whereas hst expression occurred only in the metastatic sublines. These results demonstrated that the hst gene may contribute to tumor progression from a nonmetastatic to a metastatic phenotype in the mouse mammary tumor system.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

Structural analysis of nucleic acids by labeled oligonucleotides.

In this report, the characterization of labeled oligonucleotides was discussed from the view points of base sequence analysis and structural analysis of nucleic acids in solution. Oligonucleotides site specifically spin labeled with TEMPO and fluorescent labeled with fluorescein were prepared and used for those analyses. The changes of ESR lines and rotational correlation time (tau) of the spin labeled oligonucleotide (S-probe) were dependent on the base sequence of S-probe, diastereoisomers, and the manner of hybridization. These results suggest that the conformation of the hybrid largely affected the local mobility of TEMPO and that tau value of S-probe reflected the local structure of the hybrid. When S-probe which was complementary to a single strand region of 5S RNA, was mixed with 5S RNA, tau value largely changed, indicating that the S-probe could form hybrid with 5S RNA in solution. Similar results were also obtained in the fluorescence depolarization analysis using fluorescent labeled oligonucleotide (F-probe). These results suggest that S-probe and F-probe are capable for the recognition of the secondary structure of 5S RNA in solution and useful for the analysis of the secondary structure of other nucleic acids in solution.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[A case of intracranial chondroma presenting with pontine hemorrhage].

A rare case of parasellar chondroma accompanied by pontine hemorrhage is described. A review is made of the previously reported 6 cases of intracranial chondromas complicated with hemorrhage. A 21 year-old woman was admitted to our clinic because of consciousness deterioration progressing to coma within a day, and right hemiparesis. CT scan showed a contrast-enhanced mass in the parasellar region and a hematoma in the brain-stem, which was clearly demonstrated by MRI to be abutted on the dorsal part of the tumor mass. The tumor was removed through frontotemporal craniotomy and confirmed histologically as chondroma. Postoperatively, the patient gradually regained consciousness and is hospitalized to rehabilitate hemiparesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Therapeutic results and pharmacokinetics of combined used anticancer drug in intraperitoneal hyperthermo-chemotherapy (CHPP)].

Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) was performed after curative gastrectomy for the patients with serosally invading gastric cancer to control their peritoneal recurrence. In the randomized control study of this prophylactic CHPP, using 10 l of physiological saline with 100 mg of mitomycin C or 150 mg of cisplatin (CDDP) at 42 degrees C, better post-operative survival was obtained in the CHPP group than the control group, two-year survivals were 83% in the CHPP and 70% in the control. Through the evaluation of time-concentration curve of free-Pt in serum, the side effects of CDDP in the CHPP treatment were considered to be almost equal to that of 25 mg of CDDP in the intravenous injection. In the experiments using rats, the concentration of Pt in the peritoneal tissue after CHPP was three times higher than that after intravenous injection of 2 mg of CDDP. These three results, better survival, less side effects and higher drug concentration of the peritoneal tissue, support the reasonableness of CHPP.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Highly sensitive detection of DNA using enzyme-linked DNA-probe. 1. Colorimetric and fluorometric detection.

In order to develop non-radioactive oligonucleotide derivatives and to examine their utility as a diagnostic tool, namely as DNA-probe, an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide was synthesized. Oligonucleotide complementary to M13mp8 phage DNA was linked to alkaline phosphatase via a crosslinker and a spacer. M13mp8 phage DNA (single strand) immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane was hybridized with the enzyme-linked oligonucleotide. The hybrid was detected with three detection methods; (1)colorimetric detection in solution, (2)colorimetric one on membranes, and (3)fluorometric one in solution. Methods(2) and (3) gave high sensitivities to detect as low as several to several tens attomoles of DNA and it was found that those methods with enzyme-linked oligonucleotides are potent for DNA-probe methodology from the viewpoint of automation.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1989

Cytotoxicity of bacterial proteases in various tumor cells mediated through alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor.

The binding and cytotoxicity of a complex of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled 56K protease and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) were determined by using various human and rodent tumor cell lines. The binding was higher at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C; a rapid and progressive uptake that was time dependent was noted at 37 degrees C, whereas no uptake was observed at 4 degrees C, which indicated temperature-dependent internalization. The binding was highest in the fibroblastic and adenocarcinoma cells, and lowest in squamous and epidermoid cells. The Scatchard plots for the binding isotherms were linear, with an apparent Kassoc 1.17 to 2.99 x 10(-8) M for those cells with high alpha 2M receptor. The number of binding sites (alpha 2M receptor) per cell was 1.3 to 4.75 x 10(6). Values for squamous/epidermoid cells were much lower or undetectable. Fluorescent antibody staining indicated that MCF-7 and other cells with alpha 2M receptor internalized the protease-alpha 2M complex, whereas B-16 melanoma, which has little alpha 2M receptor on the cell surface, did not. Furthermore, when the cytotoxicity of this complex was compared with that of different cell lines, the cells with high rates of uptake of the complex required only a low concentration of the protease and vice versa. These results suggest a possible mechanism of cytotoxic action of protease: alpha 2M receptor-mediated endocytosis of the complex followed by destruction of cellular integrity after regeneration of proteolytic activity. Thus, cells with more alpha 2M receptor require only a low dose for cytotoxic action when compared with cells with little alpha 2M receptor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Levels of tissue polypeptide antigen in serum and the progression of gastric cancer.

Correlations between levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in serum and histologic stage or progression of cancer were studied in 94 patients with gastric cancer. Levels of TPA in serum from patients with cancerous invasion into the vein of the stomach wall (v-invasion) were elevated in parallel to the progression of cancer by stage, and were significantly higher in each positive case than in each negative case of lymph node metastasis or of cancerous invasion into lymph vessels of the stomach wall (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). There were no differences in levels of TPA in serum from patients without v-invasion when these cancers were classified by stage, progression, or histologic type. It appears that elevation of levels of TPA in serum is associated with v-invasion, and that a determination of the level of TPA in serum is useful for the prediction of hematogenic metastasis in cases of gastric cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1989

Definition of carcinoma of the gastric cardia.

This study concerns the definition of carcinoma of the gastric cardia. The topography of the esophagogastric mucosal junction (mucosal EGJ) was investigated with an endoscope in 182 patients who were free of hiatal hernias, ulcers, and neoplasms in the esophagus and stomach. The relationship between the EGJ and the cardiac gland area was then examined histologically in 56 resected specimens containing intact EGJs and cardia gland areas. Furthermore the cancerous center was determined; the shortest distance between the cancerous center and the EGJ and the amount of esophageal invasion were measured in 102 resected carcinomas located close to the junction; the carcinomas contained the EGJ and were good enough for pathohistological examination. The EGJ was located 0.5 - 1.0 cm proximal to the His angle (the gastric cardia) in radiological and endoscopic examinations. Histologically the cardiac gland area was found to straddle the EGJ at a range of about 1 cm proximal and 2 cm distal to the junction. Among the upper stomach carcinomas, most of the tumors (87.5%) whose center was located within 2 cm from the EGJ invaded the esophagus. In conclusion, carcinoma of the gastric cardia is defined as a lesion with its center located within 1 cm proximal and 2 cm distal to the EGJ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Postoperative results of distal partial gastrectomy, selective vagotomy plus antrectomy, and selective proximal vagotomy for duodenal ulcers.

We investigated the postoperative results of distal partial gastrectomy, selective vagotomy plus antrectomy, and selective proximal vagotomy, to evaluate their effectiveness in the treatment of duodenal ulcers. The operative mortality of selective vagotomy plus antrectomy and selective proximal vagotomy seemed to be lower when compared to distal partial gastrectomy, although each procedure showed a sufficiently low mortality. The acid reduction rate was significantly lower after selective proximal vagotomy than after the other procedures (p less than 0.01). However, the rate of ulcer recurrence following selective proximal vagotomy tended to be higher compared with the other procedures. All three procedures showed good results according to Visick's grading and postoperative symptoms occurred in about 50 per cent of all patients, no matter what the procedure. The regaining of physical ability was significantly greater following selective proximal vagotomy than following distal partial gastrectomy (p less than 0.05) and the capacity to work was also better after vagotomy, particularly selective vagotomy plus antrectomy (p less than 0.05). Thus, although distal partial gastrectomy and selective vagotomy plus antrectomy proved superior regarding the low ulcer recurrence rate and acid reduction, while selective proximal vagotomy proved superior for improving the quality of life, on the whole, the three operations promise almost equivalent results.

Adult↗