Biomedical subjects

A Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to A Murakami.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Endoscopic diagnosis of reflux esophagitis by the dye-spraying method.

Twenty-one patients (13 patients after gastric surgery and 8 patients with hiatus hernia or other esophageal disease) in whom reflux esophagitis had been diagnosed by standard endoscopy, and who had undergone Lugol-spraying endoscopy, were reviewed. Ninety-two biopsy specimens were obtained from the esophageal mucosa under direct vision and stained with hematoxylineosin and PAS. The coincidence rate of the findings of dye-spraying endoscopy with histological findings was 89.9% (80/89), as opposed to 69.7% (62/89) attained by standard endoscopy (p less than 0.001), indicating that Lugol-spraying endoscopy is highly compatible with histology. Of 34 biopsy specimens showing papillary hyperplasia, 18 (52.9%) were stained unevenly and lightly, and 14 (41.2%) evenly and lightly. Of nine biopsy specimens showing epithelial regeneration, eight (88.9%) were unstained. All 26 biopsy specimens with erosion/ulcer were also unstained. It is concluded that Lugol-spraying endoscopy is of value in diagnosing reflux esophagitis, especially in determining the intensity and extent of the disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Partial characterization of an unusual 185 kDa protein synthesized by dermal fibroblasts from patients with Marfan syndrome: identification of the protein as type IV collagen.

Production of an unusual collagenous protein was observed in culture of dermal fibroblasts from four patients with Marfan syndrome. The apparent molecular weight of the protein was about 185 kDa after reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol and 175 kDa after limited pepsin treatment. The 185 kDa protein was susceptible to the bacterial collagenase but resistant to the animal collagenase. Immunoprecipitation revealed the specific interaction of the pepsin-treated 175 kDa collagenous protein with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to human type IV collagen. From the patterns of CNBr peptide mapping the 185 kDa band was identified as alpha 1 (IV) chain. Type IV collagen in the skin is generally considered to be of non-fibroblastic origin. However, in "diseased" condition, dermal fibroblasts might produce type IV collagen. The clinical manifestation in relation to production of type IV collagen by cultured skin fibroblasts from Marfan patients is discussed.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1989

Early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Analysis of 11 cases of esophageal mucosal cancer.

We reviewed 11 patients with esophageal mucosal carcinoma in various aspects to improve the early diagnosis of the disease. Eighteen lesions measuring 0.5 to 5.0 cm were confirmed histologically in the 11 cases. Histologically 10 of the 18 lesions were carcinomas in situ (ep cancer), and the other 8 lesions were carcinomas confined to the mucosa other than ep cancer (mm cancer); all 18 lesions were squamous cell carcinomas. Six (85.7%) of the seven mm cancers showed abnormal radiographic findings regardless of the size. Similarly these findings were noted on four of five (80%) ep carcinomas 2 cm or larger in size. All 15 lesions diagnosed before operation showed abnormal findings on conventional endoscopy regardless of the size and depth of transmural invasion. Morphologic change was observed in 9 lesions (53.3%), while 13 (86.7%) showed color change; most of the lesions (80%) were manifested as redness. Dyeing of the resected specimen with Lugol solution (Katayama Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan) showed all 18 cancerous lesions as unstained areas. Among the 18 lesions, two lesions were unstained areas, which agreed with the areas determined histologically. An additional lesion was visible with dye endoscopy as an unstained area but it was not visible with radiography or conventional endoscopy. Dye endoscopy using Lugol solution is very important because it allows detection and evaluation of the extent of esophageal mucosal cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Detection with synthetic oligonucleotide probes of nucleotide sequence variations in the genes encoding enterotoxins of Escherichia coli.

We examined variations in the genes encoding heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) in 88 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from individuals with traveler's diarrhea to find suitable sequences for use as oligonucleotide probes. Four oligonucleotide probes of the gene encoding ST of human origin (STIb or STh), one oligonucleotide probe of the gene encoding ST of porcine origin (STIa or STp), and three oligonucleotide probes of the gene encoding LT of human origin (LTIh) were used in DNA colony hybridization tests. In 15 of 22 strains possessing the STh gene and 28 of 42 strains producing LT, the sequences of all regions tested were identical to the published sequences. One region in the STh gene examined with a 18-mer probe was relatively well conserved and was shown to be closely associated with the enterotoxicity of the E. coli strains in suckling mice. This oligonucleotide, however, hybridized with strains of Vibrio cholerae O1, V. parahaemolyticus, and Yersinia enterocolitica that gave negative results in the suckling mouse assay.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

A study on spin-labelled oligonucleotide synthesis and its electron spin resonance behavior in solution.

An oligonucleotide spin-labelled with 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (4-amino-TEMPO) at the internucleotide bond (d-Tp(L)TpTpTpT) prepared by oxidation of the pentanucleotide containing the H-phosphonate diester (d-Tp(H)TpTpTpT) in the presence of 4-amino-TEMPO, was separated and identified by high-performance, reverse-phase liquid chromatography combined with detection by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. This spin-labelled oligonucleotide produced a triplet with the slightly broadened M1 = -1 ESR component, while a triplet with almost equal intensities was obtained from the spin-label. The M1 = -1 component from the labelled oligonucleotide was further broadened in the presence of poly(A) which forms a complementary double strand with this molecule.

Chromatography, Liquid↗

PubMed1989

An artifact in the ESR spectrum obtained by spin trapping with DMPO.

In order to overcome a common problem in spin trapping with high concentrations of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) where ESR spectra are obtained which include an unidentified set of lines composed of a triplet of doublets, commercial DMPO was analyzed for its impurities by high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It has been determined that this undesirable ESR spectrum is due to an impurity included in the spin trap. This compound has been assigned to the hydroxylamine which is a DMPO-derivative having an epoxy ring located at the 2 and 3 positions.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Characterization and use of monoclonal antibodies directed against human erythropoietin that recognize different antigenic determinants.

We have established four hybridoma cells that produce monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) R2, R4, R6, and R12 directed toward recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). MoAbs R2, R4, and R6 bound to EPO with high affinities (kd = approximately 2, 4, and 1 nmol/L, respectively) but MoAb R12 had a low affinity (240 nmol/L). These antibodies inhibited the biological activity of rHuEPO and EPOs from humans, rats, mice, and rabbits. This inhibition was due to the blocking of EPO binding to the target cells. The fully deglycosylated rHuEPO bound to the MoAbs, indicating that they recognized peptide sequences of the antigen but not the carbohydrates attached to the antigen. An immunosorbent column with the immobilized MoAb R2 was effective for the rapid purification of EPO. MoAb R6 bound to EPO at a site(s) different from those to which other MoAbs bound. Based on this finding, a sensitive and rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of EPO, in which EPO was sandwiched between two MoAbs (R2 and R6), was developed. The assay measured plasma levels of EPO as low as 5 mU/mL within several hours.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Clinicopathological analysis of synchronous multiple gastric carcinoma.

Clinicopathological analysis was performed on 839 cases surgically resected for gastric carcinoma. The incidence of multiple gastric carcinoma was 4.8% (40 cases, 97 lesions). Multiple carcinoma was more frequently observed in early than in advanced carcinoma (P less than 0.01). The rate of intestinal type lesions was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in multiple than in single gastric carcinoma, and all of the intestinal type carcinoma correlated with intestinal metaplasia, which is assumed to be closely related to pyloric and atrophic fundic gland area. Eight cases (20.0%) of multiple carcinoma were both in the upper one-third and lower one-third of the stomach. Twenty-nine (51.9%) of the accessory lesions were not detected pre-operatively; 12 (21.1%) of them were detected only by postoperative histology. Twelve (48.0%) of 25 early cancerous foci located in the anterior wall and greater curvature were overlooked before operation. These results indicate that the whole stomach must be carefully examined to detect accessory carcinoma before gastric surgery, especially for intestinal type carcinoma, with greater attention paid to the anterior wall and greater curvature, and that complete removal of the pyloric and atrophic fundic gland area would be required for distal gastrectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

ESR behaviour of spin-labelled oligoDNAs.

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligoDNAs) were spin-labelled at the 5'-end internucleotide linkage, directly or through the spacers of different lengths, with TEMPO and the labelled oligoDNAs were explored for the ESR spectroscopical behaviour in solution. Oxidation of H-phosphonate intermediates in CCl4 solutions of TEMPO and diamines was taken for the introduction of TEMPO and spacers, respectively. ESR lines of TEMPO attached to oligoDNAs, directly or through spacers, were already broadened compared to those of free TEMPO, and the broadening decreased with increasing chain length of the spacer and increased with increase in the chain length of the oligoDNAs. The ESR lines of the oligoDNA labelled directly were further broadened in the presence of a DNA complementary to the labelled oligoDNA. In addition, the broadened lines were further broadened in the presence of a larger DNA. This observation implies that spin labelling at the internucleotide linkage is useful in the DNA probe method to avoid B/F separation.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1989

Endoscopic diagnosis of minute, small, and flat early gastric cancers.

We reviewed the diagnostic process in 6 minute, 6 small and 9 flat early cancers detected preoperatively, and in additional 12 flat cancers that were found in resected stomachs only at histology between 1976 and 1986. The limit of the size of cancer detectable preoperatively was 4 mm. Endoscopically, 7 out of 12 minute and small cancers detected preoperatively showed obvious morphological changes, while the others showed only color changes with or without erosion. Lesions with morphological changes significantly invaded the mucosa more often than those with no such changes (p = 0.010). Among flat cancers, color change was significantly more frequently observed in cancers involving the whole mucosa than in those confined to the superficial part of the mucosa (p = 0.015). Redness and discoloration were significantly more frequent in the differentiated and undifferentiated groups, respectively (p = 0.005). This study suggests that morphological and color changes are important indicators of minute or small cancers, especially those involving the whole mucosa.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Intra-hepato-arterial chemotherapy combined with hyperthermic treatment: clinical results of metastatic cancer of the liver and effects on correct (but not at all necessary) hepatic blood flow].

In treating cancerous metastases to the liver, we combined hyperthermic treatment with chemotherapy via the intra-hepato-arterial injection (IHAI) of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) plus 5-fluorouracil. The subjects were 14 patients having metastases to the liver: 3 from gastric cancer and 11 from colorectal cancer. In metastases of colorectal origin, the response rate (partial response) was 55%; the 1-year survival rate was 80%; the 50%-survival period was 23 months. The response rate and the 50%-survival period in metastases of gastric origin were 67% and 11 months, respectively. When IHAI chemotherapy was combined with hyperthermic treatment, antitumor effects were generated in 3 of 6 metastatic patients from colorectal cancer, who had received no benefit from the IHAI chemotherapy alone. Better results were produced by thermochemotherapy than by IHAI chemotherapy alone. Hepatic blood flow, which influences the antitumor effect of hyperthermic treatment or chemotherapy, was measured using the 133Xe clearance method. Over the long term, the hepatic blood flow, especially that of the portal-venous route, showed a decreasing tendency after repeated sessions of the present regimen. This fact suggests the increased retainability of arterial-injected carcinostatics in cancerous tissues.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1988

Photochemical cross-linking of psoralen-derivatized oligonucleoside methylphosphonates to rabbit globin messenger RNA.

Antisense oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates targeted against various regions of mRNA or precursor mRNA are selective inhibitors of mRNA expression both in cell-free systems and in cells in culture. The efficiency with which methylphosphonate oligomers interact with mRNA, and thus inhibit translation, can be considerably increased by introducing photoactivatable psoralen derivatives capable of cross-linking with the mRNA. Oligonucleoside methylphosphonates complementary to coding regions of rabbit alpha- or beta-globin mRNA were derivatized with 4'-(aminoalkyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralens by attaching the psoralen group to the 5' end of the oligomer via a nuclease-resistant phosphoramidate linkage. The distance between the psoralen group and the 5' end of the oligomer can be adjusted by changing the number of methylene groups in the aminoalkyl linker arm. The psoralen-derivatized oligomers specifically cross-link to their complementary sequences on the targeted mRNA. For example, an oligomer complementary to nucleotides 56-67 of alpha-globin mRNA specifically cross-linked to alpha-globin mRNA upon irradiation of a solution of the oligomer and rabbit globin mRNA at 4 degrees C. Oligomers derivatized with 4'-[[N-(2-amino-ethyl)amino]methyl]-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen gave the highest extent of cross-linking to mRNA. The extent of cross-linking was also determined by the chain length of the oligomer and the structure of the oligomer binding site. Oligomers complementary to regions of mRNA that are sensitive to hydrolysis by single-strand-specific nucleases cross-linked to an approximately 10-30-fold greater extent than oligomers complementary to regions that are insensitive to nuclease hydrolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Intervention of T-cells in transportation of mouse mammary tumor virus (milk factor) to mammary gland cells in vivo.

Using BALB/c nu/nu, BALB/c nu/nufC3H (BALB/c nu/nu mice raised by C3H/HeN foster mother), BALB/c thymus-engrafted BALB/c nu/nufC3H, BALB/c nu/+, and BALB/c nu/+fC3H mice, we examined what kinds of cells are carriers of blood-borne mouse mammary tumor virus (B-MMTV). A radioimmunoassay and an immunoperoxidase assay revealed the presence of MMTV-gp52 antigen in the mammary glands of all BALB/c nu/+fC3H and BALB/c thymus-engrafted BALB/c nu/nufC3H mice (more than 60 days old) but only of some BALB/c nu/nufC3H mice (more than 120 days old): those that possessed a significant number of functional T-cells. BALB/c nu/+ mice did not show the antigen expression at any age. Transfer experiments of cells or plasma from young (less than 12 weeks) BALB/c nu/nufC3H to BALB/c +/+ virgins revealed that cells besides T-cells can also become carriers of B-MMTV. This was confirmed by Southern blotting analyses; exogenous provirus DNA sequences were found in B-cells as well as T-cells of BALB/c nu/+fC3H mice. However, when young BALB/c nu/nu mice were inoculated with BALB/c nu/nufC3H blood, they did not show the MMTV-gp52 antigen expression. Transfer experiments of purified T-cells, B-cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages from BALB/c fC3H mice to BALB/c nu/nu mice revealed that only T-cells have the ability to transfer viral activity to the mammary glands. These results suggest that B-MMTV is carried from the gastrointestinal tract to the mammary glands by lymphoid cells such as T-cells and B-cells, then transferred to the mammary gland cells by the T-cells.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1988

Comparative structural study of N-linked oligosaccharides of urinary and recombinant erythropoietins.

The structures of the N-linked oligosaccharides of the urinary erythropoietin (u-EPO) purified from urine of aplastic anemic patients were analyzed and compared with those for recombinant erythropoietin (r-EPO) prepared with baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Asparagine-linked neutral oligosaccharides were released from each EPO protein by N-oligosaccharide glycopeptidase (almond) digestion. The reducing ends of the oligosaccharide chains thus obtained were aminated with a fluorescent reagent, 2-aminopyridine, and the mixture of pyridylamino derivatives of the oligosaccharides was separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an ODS silica column. More than 8 and 13 kinds of oligosaccharide fractions for u-EPO and r-EPO (BHK), respectively, were completely separated by the one-step HPLC procedure. The structure of each oligosaccharide thus isolated was analyzed by a combination of sequential exoglycosidase digestion and another kind of HPLC with an amide-silica column. Furthermore, high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and methylation analyses were carried out in the case of r-EPO (BHK).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carbohydrate Sequence↗

PubMed1988

Interaction of psoralen-derivatized oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates with single-stranded DNA.

Oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates derivatized at the 5' end with 4'-(amino-alkyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen were prepared. The interaction of these psoralen-derivatized methylphosphonate oligomers with synthetic single-stranded DNAs 35 nucleotides in length was studied. Irradiation of a solution containing the 35-mer and its complementary methylphosphonate oligomer at 365 nm gave a cross-linked duplex produced by cycloaddition between the psoralen pyrone ring of the derivatized methylphosphonate oligomer and a thymine base of the DNA. Photoadduct formation could be reversed by irradiation at 254 nm. The rate and extent of cross-linking were dependent upon the length of the aminoalkyl linker between the trimethylpsoralen group and the 5' end of the methylphosphonate oligomer. Methylphosphonate oligomers derivatized with 4'-[[N-(2-aminoethyl)amino]methyl]- 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen gave between 70% and 85% cross-linked product when irradiated for 20 min at 4 degrees C. Further irradiation did not increase cross-linking, and preirradiation of the psoralen-derivatized methylphosphonate oligomer at 365 nm reduced or prevented cross-linking. These results suggest that the methylphosphonate oligomers undergo both cross-linking and deactivation reactions when irradiated at 365 nm. The extent of cross-linking increased up to 10 microM oligomer concentration and dramatically decreased at temperatures above the estimated Tm of the methylphosphonate oligomer-DNA duplex. The cross-linking reaction was dependent upon the fidelity of base-pairing interactions between the methylphosphonate oligomers and the single-stranded DNA. Noncomplementary oligomers did not cross-link, and the extent of cross-linking of oligomers containing varying numbers of noncomplementary bases was greatly diminished or eliminated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1988

Proteose peptone enhances production of tissue-type plasminogen activator from human diploid fibroblasts.

Proteose peptone markedly enhanced the production of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) from confluently cultured cell of human diploid fibroblasts. The cells continued synthesizing and secreting high levels of t-PA under periodic replacement of medium containing proteose peptone for more than one month. The highly increased activity correlated with equally increased levels of t-PA antigen and concomitantly increased levels of t-PA specific mRNA.

Caseins↗

PubMed1988

Prophylactic therapy for peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer by continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion with mitomycin C.

Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) with a solution that contains mitomycin C (CHPP-M) has been clinically introduced as a prophylactic treatment for peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer with serosal invasion. Two studies, each with a treated and a control group, were performed. In the historical control study the postoperative 3-year survival rate of patients (73.7%) in the treated group (n = 38) was significantly higher than the survival rate (52.7%) of those in the control group (n = 55) (P less than 0.04). In the random control study the survival rate (83%) of patients in the treated group (n = 26) was also higher than that (67.3%) of those in the control group (n = 21) in the 30 months that followed gastric surgery. However, there was no significant difference. In the historical control study with respect to the postoperative complications, anastomotic leak was observed in 8.5% of patients who were given CHPP-M and 12.8% patients who did not have CHPP-M. In the random control study anastomotic leak was observed in 3.1% of patients who had CHPP-M and 7.1% of patients who did not have CHPP-M. The incidence of adhesive ileus in patients having CHPP-M did not increase in historical or random control groups. Postoperative prolonged intestinal paresis or chemical peritonitis were not induced by CHPP-M. These results indicate that CHPP-M is a simple, safe, and readily available prophylactic therapy for peritoneal recurrence that may follow gastric cancer surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Intra-hepato-arterial chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU for metastases to the liver from colorectal and gastric cancers.

Thirty-five patients with metastases to the liver from colorectal (26 patients) and gastric (nine patients) cancers were treated with intra-hepato-arterial (IHA) injections of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Therapeutic schedules consisted of manual bolus injections of CDDP. (25-35 mg/m2/week) and 5-FU (150-180 mg/m2/day) Regimen I, and CDDP (25-35 mg/m2/10-14 days) and 5-FU (60-70 mg/m2/day Regimen II. In patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver, partial response (PR) rates in Regimens I and II were 38% and 62%, respectively. By contrast, in patients with metastases to the liver from gastric cancer, a PR was obtained in only one of nine patients (11%). IHA chemotherapy CDDP plus 5-FU, especially following Regimen II, appears to be a strongly recommendable strategy for treatment of metastatic liver tumors derived from colorectal cancer.

Adult↗