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Biomedical subjects

A Miller

Publications and source records attributed to A Miller.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Liver hepatocyte mitotic activity after a single injection of phenobarbital in immature male rats.

In contrast to multiple injections of phenobarbital, a single injection of 50 mg/kg body wt of phenobarbital into immature male rats results, after a transient increase in hepatocyte mitotic activity, in a marked decrease in hepatocyte mitotic activity to below control levels by day 3, followed by a return to control levels by day 5. This unusual pattern of hepatocyte mitotic activity can be called fourth again by a second injection of 50 mg phenobarbital/kg body wt. However, a single injection of 50 mg/kg body wt of phenobarbital into immature male rats results in a pattern of change of liver wet weight, protein, and aminopyrine demethylase activity which is similar to that observed after multiple injections of phenobarbital, except that the changes are smaller in magnitude. Liver wet weight, protein, and aminopyrine demethylase activity increase and reach a peak within two days after phenobarbital injection, and then they return to control levels by five days. The same pattern of change in liver wet weight, protein, and aminopyrine demethylase activity can be elicited again by a second injection of 50 mg phenobarbital/kg body wt.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Structural aspects of immune recognition of lysozymes. III. T cell specificity restriction and its consequences for antibody specificity.

We have studied the relationship between the determinants encountered by T cells on an antigenic molecule and the specificities of the antibodies eventually produced by the B cells with which these T cells cooperate. The number of epitopes on the hen lysozyme (HEL) molecule available to T cell receptors was functionally limited by inducing T cell tolerance to HEL in rabbits. Highly cross-reactive lysozymes were then used to challenge the HEL-unresponsive rabbits. Only T cells which recognize new epitopes on the challenge lysozymes could act as helpers in generating an anti-lysozyme response. Amino acid differences between Japanese quail lysozyme (JEL) and HEL are segregated within a single quadrant of this small antigen molecule. HEL-tolerant rabbits challenged with JEL produced antibodies which were totally cross-reactive with the tolerogen HEL. This result is in contrast to the result obtained in nontolerant rabbits which produced antibodies to JEL which were only 50-70% cross-reactive with HEL. We conclude that T cells restricted to the JEL-unique epitopes were only capable of cooperating with B cells specific for common epitopes shared between JEL and the tolerogen HEL. Turkey lysozyme (TEL), on the other hand, bears different amino acids which are distributed over several regions on the surface of the molecule. Any one HEL-tolerant rabbit developed a restricted response to TEL; in some rabbits the anti-TEL was highly HEL cross-reactive, while in others little cross-reactivity with HEL was observed. Each of four HEL-tolerant rabbits injected with the minimally altered bob-white quail lysozyme possessed the reactive T cells necessary to mount a limited response to this challenge lysozyme, suggesting a diverse library of T cell specificities. Recognition of the small differences between the challenge lysozymes and the T cells of these tolerant rabbits to make a fine discrimination between minimally changed epitopes.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate with estramustine phosphate.

Estramustine phosphate has been useful in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Objective remissions were obtained with this therapy in 6 of 17 patients (35 per cent). The results presented herein indicate that the clinical response is to a certain extent caused by an estrogen effect, which was clearly demonstrable in a previously untreated patient. A specific cytostatic effect of estramustine phosphate, which is not yet clearly explained, may be responsible for remissions in some patients who have become resistant to conventional hormonal treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Vaccinia virus: the possibilities of its oncogenicity in humans.

Contrary to the earlier generally accepted view that vaccinia virus replicates in the cytoplasm only of suitable target cells, steadily accumulating data show that the viral genome spends a limited period of time in the nucleus. This, together with the many cases where a close association has been suspected or established between skin cancer and vaccination, suggests that vaccinia virus may, under certain yet undefined physiological conditions, act as an oncogenic virus in humans.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1976

Pulmonary function in stage I and II pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Pulmonary function tests in 25 newly studied patients with Stage I and 19 with Stage II sarcoidosis revealed normal mean values in Stage I for all tests except DLCOSB. Mean values for VC, TLC, MMF, and exercise Pao, were abnormal in Stage II and significantly different from Stage I. There was a parallel difference in prevalence of impairment of these measurements and of DLCOSB as well. When the present results are compared with previously reported values for sarcoidosis patients with radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis, progressive impairment is evident with later stages of disease. These findings indicate that extent and prevalence of impairment increase with progressive radiographic abnormality and that physiologic findings are useful in staging sarcoidosis.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1976

Flexible-bronchoscope biopsy of lung and bronchial wall in intrathoracic sarcoidosis.

1) Twenty of 25 patients (80%) with sarcoidosis had positive lung biopsies obtained by flexible-bronchoscope biopsy. 2) Three of the 5 negative biopsies were in patients with chronic sarcoidosis whose chest radiograph was unchanged for 1 yr or more. 3) Two insignificant pneumothoraces occurred as a complication of the bronchoscopic biopsy procedures. 4) Noncaseating epithelioid-cell granulomas found on fiberoptic bronchoscopic biopsy are no more specific for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis than similar findings in any other organ biopsy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of transmembrane K transfer in ureter-ligated dogs infused with KCl.

In anuric dogs loaded with K by infusion with 2 meq KCl/kg per h until prelethal hyperkalemic cardiotoxicity appears, the extent of transmembrane K transfer depends on the origin of the anuria. Animals with bilateral ureter ligation transfer a mean of 1.2 meq/kg to intracellular fluid, while those with bilateral nephrectomy transfer more than 2.5 times as much (3.1 meq/kg). Further, if dogs with functioning kidneys are ureter ligated or nephrectomized after approximately 45 min of K loading, K transfer ultimately falls as infusion continues. The fall is precipitate and over 90% in ligated animals; but it is gradual, and only 10% in those that are nephrectomized. Finally, K transfer, because of the absence of insulin, is negligible in K-loaded pancreatectomized dogs with bilateral ureter ligation, but fairly substantial in pancreatectomized animals with bilateral nephrectomy. The data suggest that ureter ligation and hyperkalemia activate a renal mechanism that interferes with the transfer of infused K to intracellular fluid. The mechanism may involve the renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system to a limited degree.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Isosorbide dinitrate and cardiovascular adaptation to exercise.

Sixteen men with well-documented angina pectoris and without previous myocardial infarction performed a multistage exercise stress test to determine their levels of exercise-induced limitations, characterized by onset of chest discomfort or electrocardiographic ischemic changes, or both. Following a control study, each subject was assigned randomly to either a placebo- or vasodilator-treated group, received chewable medication, and was retested 30 minutes after chewing the medication. Blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiographic changes were measured during rest, peak exercise, and recovery. A phonocardiogram, carotid-pulse contour, and single-lead electrocardiogram were recorded simultaneously at supine rest before and immediately after exercise, and systolic time intervals were measured. Results indicated that chewable isosorbide dinitrate reduced systolic blood pressure and the triple product (systolic blood pressure X heart rate X ejection time) significantly during rest and reduced the left ventricular ejection time corrected for heart rate both at rest and peak exercise; no significant differences were observed in the placebo group. The ability to achieve an increased workload was observed in both groups, and the threshold for ischemic manifestations occurred at comparable triple-product levels in both during pretreatment and posttreatment studies.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1976

Onset of sarcoidosis with left ventricular failure and multisystem involvement.

A patient presented with acute left ventricular failure, then developed cranial nerve palsies, myopathy, fever and hyperuricemia. Sarcoidosis was not diagnosed until the pulmonary congestion cleared, revealing hilar adenopathy and residual mottling. Thereafter, uveitis was noted and scalene and muscle biopsies confirmed the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Hb Leslie, an unstable hemoglobin due to deletion of glutaminyl residue beta 131 (H9) occurring in association with beta0-thalassemia, HbC, and HbS.

A new unstable hemoglobin, Hb Leslie, has been observed in three generations of a Georgia family. The propositus, a 42-yr-old black veteran with hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly, has a hemoglobin variant with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of hemoglobin F. The variant comprises about 85% of the total hemoglobin and was isolated by chromatography. Chemical analysis has identified the abnormality as a deletion of the glutaminyl residue in position 131 (H9) of the beta-chain. Deletion of this critical residue which participates in the alpha1beta1 contact causes decreased stability of the hemoglobin without significant changes in functional properties or morphologic abnormalities in the erythrocyte. Family studies revealed hemoglobin Leslie occurring in combination with beta0-thalassemia, HbS, and HbC. All persons with the various Hb Leslie combinations, including the propositus, have no clinical manifestations other than anemia. In some the anemia is fully compensated. There is no history of drug-associated hemolysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

External high-voltage radiotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate and the regional lymph nodes.

External high-voltage radiotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate and the field of regional lymphatic spread leads to regression of the tumour in over half the cases. The definite response to radiotherapy does not seem to be related either to the degree of histological differentiation or to the palpable extent of the tumour in the pelvis and is not always seen until at least 6 months from the end of treatment. Radiotherapy has a good palliative effect. Oestrogens need not be administered during irradiation and subsequently as long as no disease activity is detectable.

Cell Differentiation↗