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Biomedical subjects

A Kraus

Publications and source records attributed to A Kraus.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Phenomenology of pseudohysterical behavioral and perceptual styles in melancholic patients].

Occasionally certain behavioural styles and symptoms can be seen in melancholics which are difficult to classify as hysterical or pseudohysterical. Phenomenological analysis is employed to qualify some of these phenomena as melancholic and thus as pseudohysterical. No statement is made as to whether and how often actual hysterical phenomena are to be found in melancholics. Our results raise the question whether hysterical symptoms, hysterical mechanisms and hysterical personality traits are diagnosed too often in melancholic patients in whom subtle phenomenological analysis would identify these phenomena as pseudohysterical.

Aggression↗
PubMed1985

[Early morbidity and fatality following carotid disobliteration].

At the University Hospital of Cologne-Lindenthal 260 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy during a period of 10 years. 9 patients died, representing an operative mortality rate of 2.9%. 80% of our patients with an acute stroke died. We see no indication for surgery in acute stroke. Postoperatively, 20 patients had a neurologic deficit, transient deficits occurred in 3,6% (11 patients) permanent deficits in 3% (9 patients). Carotid endarterectomy may be complicated by cranial nerve damage. The importance of these injuries is evident if bilateral carotid endarterectomy is being considered.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Retinal vasculitis in mixed connective tissue disease. A fluoroangiographic study.

The eyes of 20 consecutive patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) were studied by ophthalmologic and retinal fluoroangiographic examinations (RFA) and compared with the findings in 18 consecutive patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and 50 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Six of the 20 MCTD patients had abnormal RFA with thickening of capillary walls that stained and progressively leaked fluorescein. None of these lesions could be seen in ophthalmoscopy, where only one patient had cotton wool spots that in RFA were found to correspond to focal areas of ischemia, probably resulting from capillary lesions. Only one patient with primary SS showed capillary leakage, whereas 13 patients with SLE had RFA abnormalities that included microaneurysms in 9, capillary lesions in 6 and drusen in one. No microaneurysms were found in MCTD patients. The differences between MCTD, SLE and SS patients may reflect differences in the quality, quantity, frequency and chronicity of immune complex formation and deposition in these 3 diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

In vivo release by histamine agonists and antagonists of endogenous catecholamines in the cat hypothalamus.

The posterior hypothalamus of anaesthetized cats was superfused through a push-pull cannula with histamine agonists and antagonists and the release of endogenous catecholamines was determined in the superfusate. Hypothalamic superfusion with histamine, 2-methylhistamine (H1-agonist), dimaprit (H2-agonist) or metiamide (H2-antagonist) enhanced the release of the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline. The releasing effects of these substances depended on the presence of calcium ions. Superfusion with 2-pyridylethylamine (H1-agonist) was virtually ineffective, while superfusion with 2-thiazolethylamine (H1-agonist) enhanced the rates of release of noradrenaline and adrenaline without influencing the release of dopamine. Superfusion with mepyramine (H1-antagonist) inhibited the release of noradrenaline and adrenaline without affecting the release of dopamine. Hypothalamic superfusion with a concentration of procaine which was equi-anaesthetic to that of mepyramine was ineffective. Ranitidine (H2-antagonist) did not alter the rates of release of the catecholamines. The releasing effect of histamine was inhibited on hypothalamic superfusion with mepyramine and ranitidine. Ranitidine also inhibited the releasing effects of dimaprit and 2-methylhistamine thus indicating that the releasing action of the latter compound was mainly due to stimulation of H2-receptors. These data suggest that blockade of H1-receptors of the posterior hypothalamus reduces the release of noradrenaline and adrenaline, while stimulation of H1-receptors seems to increase the rates of release of these two catecholamines. Stimulation of H2-receptors enhances the release of all three catecholamines. Thus, dopaminergic neurones of the hypothalamus seem to possess H2-receptors, while noradrenergic and adrenergic neurones possess H1- and H2-receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine on Raynaud's phenomenon. A controlled double blind trial.

Eighteen patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) of various etiologies completed a 10-week double blind parallel trial of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine (n = 10) versus placebo (n = 8). Patients on nifedipine were found to have had significant reduction of the number of episodes of RP but there were no differences in the intensity of episodes in patients taking nifedipine between the 1st and 6th visits nor between the nifedipine and placebo patient groups. Nifedipine seems to be helpful in the management of RP and was effective for the duration of this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of short-lasting and long-lasting blood pressure changes on the release of endogenous catecholamines in the hypothalamus of the conscious, freely moving rabbit.

In anaesthetized rabbits guide cannulae were stereotaxically inserted into the anterior hypothalamic area and into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus. Additionally, catheters were inserted into the carotid artery and the jugular vein. Some days after the operation push-pull cannulae were inserted through the guide cannulae into the hypothalamic regions of the conscious, freely moving animal. The areas were superfused with artificial CSF and the release of the endogenous catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline was determined in the superfusates. In the two hypothalamic regions the resting release of the catecholamines rhythmically varied with time at approximately 70 min cycles. A rise in blood pressure induced by the intravenous injection of noradrenaline or tramazoline enhanced the rates of release of the catecholamines in the anterior hypothalamic area. A fall of blood pressure elicited by the intravenous injection of nitroprusside or chlorisondamine decreased the release of the catecholamines in this hypothalamic area. The changes in blood pressure coincided with the changes in the rates of release of the catecholamines in the anterior hypothalamic area. These and previous results concerning changes in the release of endogenous catecholamines in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus also indicate that in the conscious, freely moving rabbit changes in blood pressure lead to counteracting alterations in the release of catecholamines in the two hypothalamic regions.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Comparative studies of renosonography and intravenous pyelography prior to and following hysterectomy].

Prior to hysterectomy investigation of the upper urinary tract and documentation of the investigation is important for treatment and liability reasons. The X-ray exposure possible allergy to the dye and the high price of intravenous pyelography mitigates against the investigation. This prospective study of 155 patients with benign disease shows that sonography is a valuable screening procedure. In over 90% of the cases sonography was sufficient and in only 11 women additional intravenous pyelography was necessary. The incidental discovery of an assymptomatic carcinoma of the kidney and of a hydronephrosis emphasized the importance of the pre-operative investigation of the upper urinary tract. Only displacement and mild dilatation of the distal ureters is not detectable by sonography. Therefore in malignant tumours of the genital tract the pre-operative intra-venous pyelogram is still recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Vaginal closure using the purse string suture method in elderly women with total prolapse].

The occlusion of the vagina by a shirodkar type string suture is an emergency procedure. As a temporary measure in old patients with procedentia this procedure relieves the symptoms of the prolapse during the time needed to prepare the patient for surgery or the time needed by the patient to decide to have the operation performed. For severely ill in-operable patients the purse string occlusion of the vagina is a simple method to eliminate the discomfort of the procedentia. The procedure can be done under local anaesthesia and can be repeated.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Schizo-affective psychoses from a phenomenological-anthropological point of view.

The presence of schizo-affective psychosis is postulated psychopathologically, if schizophrenic as well as manic or depressive cyclothymic symptoms, respectively, are to be found in the same clinical picture. This circumstance rises the question with what legitimation do we designate a symptom as schizophrenic, etc.? Generally, we call a symptom, e.g., schizophrenic, if: (1) like with K. Schneider's first-rank symptoms the presence of a schizophrenic called entity of syndrome and course of illness is very easy to be recognized by means of the symptom, and (2) the symptom is statistically significantly correlated with this entity. In both definitions the schizophrenic nature of the single symptom remains undetermined. Here the attempt is made to work out a specificity of manic and depressive phenomena, a phenomenological determination of manic-depressive psychosis as an essential entity, respectively, by tracing structural signs of the moods and delusions as well as of the personality of manic-depressives. The same could be done in some way also with schizophrenic psychoses. We believe that only if we arrive at a clearer determination of what is meant by schizophrenic, manic, and depressive not only in a correlative statistical, but also in a phenomenological sense, we might have a chance finally to classify schizo-affective psychosis psychopathologically on an empirical basis.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1981

[The informed patient. Efficacy of detailed information in patients with gynecological operations (author's transl)].

In medical routine the accusation of lack of information is raised more and more frequently. In the present studies the efficacy of detailed oral and written explanation was examined in 100 patients with gynecological operations. On admission to hospital 79% of the women stated they had been given information on the planned intervention by the doctor referring them to hospital. A written questionnaire on discharge showed, however, that the intensive and extremely individual efforts to inform them during the period of hospitalization are unsuccessful in about one third of the patients. Possible causes for this are the great confidence in the doctor, the psychic tension in the preoperative phase and lack of preparation for the operation. The observations give rise to new aspects for the assessment of declarations of consent for medical interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The release of endogenous catecholamines in the cat hypothalamus is affected by spinal transection and drugs which change the arterial blood pressure.

1. In anesthetized cats, posterior and anterior hypothalamic areas were superfused with CSF through double-walled cannulae. The release of endogenous catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline) was determined in the superfusate by a radioenzymatic assay. 2. Transection of the brain caudal to the hypothalamus almost abolished the release of catecholamines in the posterior hypothalamic area, while that in the anterior hypothalamic area was moderately decreased. A circular transection around the hypothalamus greatly reduced the release of catecholamines in the anterior hypothalamic area. It is concluded that the catecholaminergic nerve endings of the anterior hypothalamic area do not originate entirely from cell bodies located in the brain stem. 3. Spinal transection elicited a pressor response which was followed by a fall of the arterial blood pressure. The pressor response was associated with increased rates of release of the catecholamines in the anterior hypothalamic area, while the release of catecholamines in the posterior hypothalamic area was reduced. The fall of blood pressure enhanced the rates of release of the catecholamines in the posterior hypothalamic area and reduced their release in the anterior hypothalamic area. 4. Chlorisondamine i.v. caused a fall of blood pressure which was associated with an increased release of catecholamines in the posterior hypothalamic area and a decrease in the rates of release in the anterior hypothalamic area whilst i.v. tramazoline elicited a pressor response and enhanced the rates of release of the catecholamines in the anterior hypothalamic area. 5. It is concluded that pronounced changes in the arterial blood pressure affect the release of catecholamine in opposite direction in the two hypothalamic areas to counteract the blood pressure change.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Binding of technetium-99m to plasma proteins: influence on the distribution of Tc-99m phosphate agents.

Plasma protein binding of Tc-99m was assessed in man after injection of various Tc-99m-labeled bone imaging agents. Of the five methods in which plasma proteins were precipitated to determine protein binding no correlation between them could be established. The ammonium sulfate method seemed to correlate well with dialysis filtration. Plasma obtained from patients injected with Tc-99m phosphate compounds was reinjected to rats. The bone uptake in these animals correlated linearly with the unbound activity in the injected plasma. Provided that no protein binding would occur, the bone uptake as well as the urinary excretion proved to be identical for Tc-99m HEDP, MDP, and PPi. Electrophoresis of Tc-99m PPi indicated that the intact complex may be uncharged, whereas at low ligand concentrations uncharged as well as negatively charged Tc-99m species are formed. Better methods are needed, however, to establish the presence of various Tc-99m species and their relative role in the kinetics of these compounds, and plasma protein binding.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Social behavior and psychosis induction in manic-depressives].

The social behavior of manic-depressives shows a specific structure of identity, whose consequences for the onset and course of manic-depressive psychosis are investigated. Besides in interactional conduct, group behavior, orientation in values etc. we are mainly interested in the behavior of manic-depressives in social roles. From the point of view of role theory the social behavior especially of monopolar depressives could be described as hypernomic, as it shows an extreme conformity with norms. Situations of opposing or competitive role demands, opposing norms and values therefore are very difficult for manic-depressives to handle. The preponderance of their role identities results in an atrophy of ego-identity and in an increasing dependence on their social roles. This explains why not only the loss but even the endangering of their social roles may result in psychotic states that here are interpreted as crisis of identity.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1976

On the mechanism and stereochemistry of the malate-lactate fermentation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

During the transformation of (2S, 3R) [3-3H]malate to (S) lactate no tritium exchange takes place. The stereochemical course of the decarboxylation studied with (2S, 3R) [3-2H]-malate in 3HOH/H2O and (2S, 3R) [3-3H]malate in 2H2O occurs with retention and is therefore the same as that determined by other authors for malic enzyme from vertebrates and from Escherichia coli. The malate-lactate fermentation is a useful procedure to prepare chiral methyl groups on a preparative scale starting from (2S, 3R) [3-H]malate.

Decarboxylation↗