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Biomedical subjects

A Kondo

Publications and source records attributed to A Kondo.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Transurethral incision of the prostate and bladder neck for the treatment of outflow obstruction caused by a small benign prostate].

Transurethral incision of the prostate and bladder neck (TIPBn) was compared with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) followed by bladder neck incision in the treatment of 22 patients with outflow obstruction caused by a small prostate adenoma (below 15 gm). Eleven patients underwent TIPBn and another 11 TURP. An evaluation of the urodynamic findings and subjective symptoms was undertaken before the operation and 3 months afterwards. Urodynamic findings were evaluated, based upon uroflowmetry, i.e., in terms of maximum flow rate, average flow rate, voiding time, initiation time and residual rate. All patients in the TIPBn group revealed an improvement in every urodynamic parameter (MFR: from 6.1 to 10.8 ml/sec, AFR: from 3.1 to 5.8 ml/sec, Voiding time: from 95.5 to 24.2 sec/100 ml, Initiation time: 34.3 to 10.2 sec, Residual rate: 31.6 to 17.8%, in mean value). Ten out of the 11 in the TIPBn group subjectively considered the result to be good. The improvements in the urodynamic parameters in the TIPBn group were statistically comparable to those in the TURP. The improvements in voiding time and initiation time, however, tended to be much better in the TIPBn group. We conclude that TIPBn can be the operation of choice in the treatment of outflow obstruction caused by a small prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of alpha-1-blocking agent in the treatment of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia].

Effects of adrenergic alpha-1-blocking agent, prazosin, in the treatment of detrusor external-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) were evaluated in both experimental and clinical aspects. Experimentally, in the urethral pressure profile in dogs, the maximum urethral closing pressure was depressed after intravenous injection of 1 mg prazosin. When experimental DSD was obtained in dogs by stimulating electrically the unilateral 2nd sacral root, intra-venous injection of 1 mg prazosin inhibited contraction of the external urethral sphincter. Clinically, 74 patients with DSD based on neurogenic bladder from cerebral vascular attack (CVA) (13 cases) and spinal cord injury (61 cases) were retrospectively surveyed in terms of therapeutical effects of prazosin for DSD. Spinal cord injury was subdivided to 4 groups for clinical evaluation; cervical cord injury (C) with complete paralysis, thoracic cord injury (Th) with complete paralysis, lumbar cord injury (L) with complete paralysis and spinal cord injury with incomplete paralysis. Patients with CVA and spinal cord injury with incomplete paralysis showed good response rates in subjective improvement, 69% and 60% respectively. However, those with spinal cord injury with complete paralysis showed a poor response (28% for C, 23% for Th and 14% for L). The amount of residual urine significantly decreased after treatment, in all the groups except that of lumbar cord injury with complete paralysis. In all the groups, however, even after the drug treatment the amount of residual urine ranged from 80 to 170 ml and the rates of needing clean intermittent catheterization unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacological experiments in aged rat urinary bladder. I. The responses to acetylcholine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol].

To investigate the etiology of unstable bladder in elderly people, we performed pharmacological experiments using the body of the rat urinary bladder. Responses to acetylcholine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol were examined in vitro in aged rats (16 and 24 months old) in comparison with young rats (6 months old). The results of the present study were summarized as follow: 1) The body weight of 16 and 24 months rats was significantly greater than that of the control. 2) There was no significant difference in the response to acetylcholine among three age groups. 3) The contraction strength of 16- and 24-month-old rat urinary bladder induced by norepinephrine was significantly greater than that of the control. 4) The relaxation response of the detrusor strips induced by isoproterenol in 24-month-old rats was significantly smaller than that of the other two groups. It is concluded that responses to alpha-adrenergic agonists were enhanced in the aged rat urinary bladders. In the assumption that a similar change occurs in the human bladders, the age-related increase in the responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic agonists is one of the etiologies or contributing factors for unstable bladder.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacological experiments in aged rat urinary bladder. II. Responses to ATP, prostaglandin F2 alpha, serotonin, angiotensin II and VIP].

To investigate the possible etiology of unstable bladder in the elderly, we investigated the responses of the aged rat bladder (16 and 24 months old) to 5 non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic neurotransmitters in comparison with the young rat bladder (6 months old). The drugs used were adenosine triphosphate, prostaglandin F2 alpha, serotonin, angiotensin II and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. 1) The responses of 24-month-old rat bladders to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were significantly greater than those of 6- and 16-month-old rats. 2) Prostaglandin F2 alpha made no difference in responses among three age groups. 3) The responses to serotonin of 24-month-old rat bladders were greater than those of the other two groups. 4) There was no difference in responses to angiotensin II in three age groups. 5) No response to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was observed in all age groups. It is probable that the supersensitive responses to ATP and serotonin, observed in the aged rat bladders, may contribute to the development of unstable bladder in elderly people.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

[Lower urinary tract function in myelomeningocele. Long-term follow-up data].

We have analyzed long-term follow-up data of the lower urinary tract in 58 myelodysplastic patients. The patients consisted of 16 males and 42 females, whose age varied from 3 months to 16 years old (mean of 7). The follow-up periods ranged from 18 to 100 months (mean of 82). 1. While the bladder compliance of 41 patients conservatively treated with clean intermittent catheterization increased significantly from 5.1 to 11.1 ml/cmH2O, that of 17 patients who underwent anti-reflux surgery failed to do so. 2. A significant correlation was observed between bladder deformity and bladder compliance. A severe deformity was encountered more in the patients surgically treated. 3. Uninhibited contractions decreased in magnitude or disappeared in 26 patients, and increased in strength or developed newly in 8. The remaining 24 cases did not demonstrate them at all. 4. The maximum urethral closure pressure changed +/- 20 percent of the initial value in 27 of 38 patients (71%). The mean value tended to fall at 60 cmH2O.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacological experiments in the aged rat urinary bladder. Responses to inorganic ions (Ca2+, K+, Ba2+, Mg2+)].

We studied in vitro the change in muscle contractility and ion permeability of cell membrane of aged rat urinary bladder (16 and 24 months old) and compared with young rat bladder (6 months old). The results are summarized as follows: 1. In aged rat bladder the contractile response to Ca2+ was significantly decreased comparing to young rat bladder. The speed of muscle contractility was also significantly slower in aged rat bladder. 2. There was no significant change in muscle contractility in response to K+ and Ba2+ among the 3 age groups, which indicated that contractile force of aged rat bladder per se was not impaired. 3. Mg2+ relaxed the detrusor muscle in a dose-dependent manner. The magnitude of the response was not different between aged and young rat bladders. It is concluded that the response of aged rat urinary bladder to Ca2+ was decreased in contraction strength and contraction speed. This finding seems to suggest that membrane permeability of Ca2+ has been compromised, which may account for the impaired detrusor contractility frequently observed in elderly persons.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[The influence of serum theophylline concentration on the bronchodilating effect of salbutamol inhalation for bronchial asthma].

To examine the effects of serum theophylline concentration on the bronchodilating effect of beta 2-stimulant inhalated by patients with bronchial asthma, 200 micrograms-Salbutamol inhalation test was performed on 30 patients with bronchial asthma (from 17 to 71 years old, averaging 49.7; 3 mild, 15 moderate, 12 severe), who had taken theophylline at various oral doses up to 6 hours before the test. Measurements of respiratory function, serum theophylline concentration, blood pressure, pulse rate and the plasma c-AMP and c-GMP concentrations before and one hour after inhalation revealed that inhalation of 200 micrograms salbutamol significantly increased FVC, FEV1.0, PEF and plasma c-AMP (p less than 0.001). No significant change was noted in plasma c-GMP, diastolic pressure or pulse rate. Systolic pressure significantly decreased (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, no significant correlation was noted between the rates of increase (%) in FVC, FEV1.0 and PEF and those in plasma c-AMP, c-GMP and c-AMP/c-GMP in one hour after inhalation. Inaddlition no significant correlation was noted between the rates of increase in FVC, FEV1.0 and PEF one hour after inhalation and serum theophylline concentrations (0-19.3 and 0-21.5 micrograms/ml before and one hour after inhalation, respectively). The above results suggest that the bronchodilating effect of salbutamol inhalated at dose of 200 micrograms is not influenced by the serum theophylline concentration both before and at one hour after inhalation of salbutamol. The bronchodilating effect of salbutamol seems to be ascribable to an increase of intracellular c-AMP level of bronchial smooth muscle.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on acetylspiramycin. II. Biological activities of spiramycin components].

Acetylspiramycin (ASPM) was fractionated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak fractions were named F1 to F7 successively in order of increasing retention times (Rt), i.e., increasing hydrophobicity, and studied for 1) antibacterial activities (MIC), 2) antibacterial potency against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, 3) therapeutic effect on mice infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae III, Staphylococcus aureus Smith, 4) acute toxicity by i.p. administration to mice (LD50) and 5) cytotoxicities to fibroblasts derived from Chinese-hamster lung (CHL), cow pulmonary artery endothelial cells (CPAE) and rat hepatic cells. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Components F1 and 4'-acetylspiramycin F2 had significantly different biological activities from those of other components: F1 showed the lowest antibacterial potency of 492 micrograms (potency)/mg, F2 showed the highest antibacterial potency of 2,040 micrograms (potency)/mg and correspondingly the lowest LD50 value of 692 mg/kg (the highest toxicity). The therapeutic effect of F2 on infections in mice was found to be the second smallest and was superior only to that of F1. The LD50 value of F1 was 1,200 mg/kg and similar to that of ASPM. 2. Antibacterial potencies of F3, F4, F5 and F6 were 1,165, 1,266, 1,374 and 1,530 micrograms (potency)/mg, respectively; fraction with the higher antibacterial activities corresponded to the longer retention times, i.e., the greater hydrophobicities. The most hydrophobic component, F7, 3-propionyl-3",4"-diacetylspiramycin, however, showed a low antibacterial potency of 1,085 micrograms (potency)/mg, next to the lowest one, F1, a fact which was in contradiction to with the sequential relation between hydrophobicities and potencies from F3 to F6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on acetylspiramycin. 1. Separation and chemical structures of acetylspiramycin components].

1. A macrolide antibiotic acetylspiramycin (ASPM) was separated into seven fractions using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Lichrosorb RP-8 and mobile phase of a mixed solvent of 0.025M phosphate ammonium (pH 7.4) and acetonitrile at a ratio of 10:18. 2. Five components were purified over 90%, and analyzed using mass spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR, and their chemical structures were determined as 4''-acetylspiramycin I, 4''-acetylspiramycin II, 4''-acetylspiramycin III, 3'',4''-diacetylspiramycin II and 3'',4''-diacetylspiramycin III, respectively. 3. The weight component ratio of the seven fractions of ASPM separated by HPLC was constant throughout several lots of ASPM which had been stocked for nearly 15 years at room temperature, indicating an excellent chemical stability of the antibiotic. 4. Some physicochemical parameters were determined for the five ASPM components. Solubilities in water at 24 degrees C were in a range from 0.14 mg/ml to 4.9 mg/ml, and they were, in the decreasing order, 3'',4''-diacetylspiramycin III, 3'',4''-diacetylspiramycin I 4''-acetylspiramycin III, 4''-acetylspiramycin II, and 4''-acetylspiramycin I. Relationships between solubilities and numbers and positions of acyl substituents in spiramycin molecule are discussed.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

[Long-term therapeutic effects of erythromycin and newquinolone antibacterial agents on diffuse panbronchiolitis].

The present study reviewed and summarized the long-term therapeutic effects of erythromycin or newquinolone antibacterial agents on diffuse panbronchiolitis. Various parameters before and after the treatment were analyzed in 101 patients selected from 227 diffuse panbronchiolitis patients gathered from 26 institutes in Japan. Patients had been treated with either erythromycin or newquinolone antibacterial agent for more than 3 months. Patients treated with erythromycin showed significant improvement of dyspnea on exertion, findings of chest X-ray, data on blood gas analysis, rate of ESR, titer of cold coagulation and amount of sputum, compared with patients treated with the newquinolone antibacterial agent. Among the patients treated with erythromycin, those patients with the initial high cold coagulation titer showed better improvement following treatment. However, there was no significant difference in improvement, depending upon either the duration between the time of onset of the disease, the initiation of treatment, and the initial severity of the disease.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1990

[A case of urinary undiversion from ileal loop conduit].

A seventeen-year-old girl, who had had an ileal conduit urinary diversion at 5 years of age, underwent a urinary undiversion 12 years after the initial operation. She has been suffering from recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection with fever. The preoperative evaluation revealed dilatation of the bilateral pelvis and ureters on an excretory urography. Ileal conduitgraphy revealed urinary reflux from the ileal loop to the bilateral upper urinary tracts. Cyclic bladder hydrodilatation through a suprapubic cystostomy was performed and a precise urodynamic study was done on the lower urinary tract. The vesical capacity increased from 40 ml to 300 ml in a month. Cystometry and urethral pressure profile revealed a stable bladder with good detrusor contraction and preserved urethral continence. Voiding status was satisfactory with only a small amount of residue. The undiversion was undertaken as follows. The ureters were once isolated from the ileal loop and their distal ends were everted in length of 5 mm to be nipples in shape. The ureters were reanastomosed to the proximal end of the ileal loop with submucosal tunnels of 2 cm. The ileal loop was then tapered and implanted to the bladder with a submucosal tunnel of 5 cm. Eight months after the undiversion, she enjoys good urination, free from urinary tract infection. Although moderate hydronephrosis remains bilaterally, renal function is stable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Epithelium-lined cyst of the pretectal region: case report and electron microscope study.

Ultrastructural findings of an epithelium-lined cyst in the left pretectal region are reported. A 38-year-old woman developed a sensory disturbance on her right side and blurring of vision. Computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance images disclosed a round cystic lesion in the left pretectum. Light microscopically, the cyst was found to be lined by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. Electron microscope examination revealed that the epithelial cells of the cyst possessed clear nuclei, abundant tonofilaments, and glycogen granules, featured as well as the usual organellae. The free surface of the epithelial cells had numerous finger-like microvilli with coating materials. These cells were interconnected by well-developed desmosomes and interdigitations, and also possessed basal lamina materials on the basal surface. These cytological features suggest a heterogenous origin of the cells rather than a neuroepithelial one.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Denervation supersensitivity of the rabbit urinary bladder to calcium ion.

We investigated in vitro the supersensitivity of denervated rabbit bladder to Ca2+. Seven days after denervation achieved by bilateral sacral rhizotomy, the capacity of the denervated bladder increased by 2.2 times as compared with the control (126.3 to 277.3 ml.), and wet weight also increased 4.3 times (3.6 to 15.3 gm.). After 30 minutes incubation in normal Krebs' solution the denervated bladder strips showed significantly increased amplitude of contractions to the cumulative acetylcholine addition than the control. After incubation in normal Krebs' solution for 30 minutes, muscle strips were washed three times with Ca-free Krebs' solution and incubated 30 minutes in this solution. Cumulative Ca2+ replenishment (0.5 to 10 mM) induced dose-dependent contractions of the detrusor muscle strips in Ca2+-free Krebs' solution, where the contractions were significantly stronger in the denervated detrusor muscle than in controls. Pretreatment with 10(-6) M verapamil (Ca-entry blocker) eliminated the enhanced Ca2+-induced contractions of the denervated detrusor strips, while 10(-6) M procaine (Ca-induced Ca releasing blocker) only partially inhibited them. After depolarizing the cell membrane with 40 mM KCl, the Ca2+-induced contractions of the control strips were markedly enhanced but those of the denervated strips were not. These results demonstrate the supersensitivity of the denervated detrusor muscle to Ca2+. We conclude that hyperpermeability of the cell membrane to Ca2+ influx through calcium channels is responsible for supersensitivity of the denervated detrusor muscle to Ca2+.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

Quantifying thread tension is of clinical use in Stamey bladder neck suspension: analysis of clinical parameters.

Tension on the nylon loops in a Stamey endoscopic bladder neck suspension has been quantified for the first time by using a spring scale. Clinical data were compared between 14 patients with undetermined tension (control group) and 57 with tension of either 400, 600, 700, 800 or 1,000 gm. Experimental study during the operation demonstrated that changes in the posterior urethrovesical angle and distance that the bladder neck was elevated were not proportional to the tension: the lower the thread tension the larger the change in these 2 parameters. Compared to the control group a significant decrease in the period of suprapubic drainage was observed in patients with quantified tension. Operative success was obtained in 86 per cent of the control group and 91 per cent of those in whom tension was quantified. A tension of 400 to 600 gm. seemed to be most appropriate for a successful outcome. We conclude that quantifying the thread tension is useful to prevent either over-tightness of the nylon loops or insufficient suspension of the bladder neck, and that with a spring scale it is easy to instruct a beginner on how tightly to tie the threads.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Primary interosseous meningioma associated with pregnancy--case report.

The authors present the case of a 32-year-old female with a hard, bony mass on her left forehead, present for several years, which rapidly increased in size after she became pregnant. Neuroradiologically, the tumor appeared to have originated in the interosseous space, and it invaded the subgaleal and intracranial spaces as the pregnancy advanced. The tumor was explored and removed after delivery. Light and electron microscopic studies verified that it had the characteristics of a typical meningotheliomatous meningioma. Interosseous meningiomas are biologically and morphologically similar to intracranial meningiomas and must be followed carefully during pregnancy because of their potential for rapid growth at this time.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of a modified Stamey's endoscopic bladder neck suspension procedure for one hundred female patients with stress incontinence].

One hundred female patients with stress incontinence have been operated on by means of modified stamey's endoscopic bladder neck suspension procedure, i.e. quantifying the thread tension for bladder neck suspension. Twelve patients had 1,000 grams in the nylon loop, 5,800 grams, 9,700 grams, 25,600 grams and 49,400 grams. A follow-up period varied from 10 to 32 months (mean: 20.5 months). A 60-min pad-weighing test revealed urinary loss of 1.0 to 196.0 grams/hour (mean: 36.0) prior to operation. 1. The modified Stamey's procedure was successful in 95 patients (95%). The appropriate thread tension for bladder neck suspension was 400 grams. 2. Various complications were encountered: removal of unilateral nylon suture was necessitated in 2 patients, bleeding from operative wound in 2, bladder tamponade in 2, and clean intermittent catheterization for more than one month in 4. 3. Micturition parameters, i.e. maximum and average flow rates, temporarily got worse post-operatively. Maximum urethral closure pressure decreased and functional profile length elongated which were significantly different from those of pre-operative values. 4. Questionnaire sent to the patients revealed that 89 percent of them were satisfied with the operative results but 11 percent were not. 5. The modified Stamey's procedure is simple to perform and prevents over-tightness of nylon loops. We conclude that this operative method is the treatment of choice for correction of stress incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Continent vesicocutaneostomy. Preliminary experiments on dogs].

A new operative technique for continent urinary diversion was designed as a continent vesicocutaneostomy and preliminary experiments were performed on 7 dogs. A U-shaped flap of anterior bladder wall (30 X 20 X 30 mm) was created, which was then rolled and sutured to an efferent duct. One-half to two-thirds in length of the efferent duct was placed between the muscular layer and mucosa of the bladder, and the distal end of the efferent duct was anastomosed to the cutaneous stoma made at the suprapubic area. In this urinary diversion, excretion of urine from the bladder was done by intermittent catheterization from the stoma through the efferent duct. The operation was successful on all of the experimented dogs, continence of the stoma was preserved and catheterization through the stoma was achieved easily. Urodynamic assessment of the efferent duct was performed, being focused on the mechanism of continence, at 3 and 6 months after the operation. The length of continence zone and maximum closing pressure through the entire efferent duct were 23.2 +/- 4.5 mm and 41.2 +/- 14.7 cmH2O respectively with empty bladder (intravesical pressure = 0). When the bladder was full (intravesical pressure = 20-40 cmH2O), these parameters were 21.4 +/- 4.7 mm and 36.0 +/- 7.0 cmH2O respectively. The length of continence zone and maximum closing pressure of only the submucosal part of the efferent duct were 12.8 +/- 4.3 mm and 18.5 +/- 5.2 cmH2O with empty bladder, 13.3 +/- 2.9 mm and 22.0 +/- 9.9 cmH2O with full bladder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗