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Biomedical subjects

A Hecht

Publications and source records attributed to A Hecht.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Causes and as age and sex distribution in autopsy cases of sudden natural death of noncoronary etiology].

In 1,382 autopsied cases of sudden death we found 409 which died of a non-coronarogenic cause. The proportion of women was significantly higher (37.2%) than that of men (23%). The age at death in the different kinds of sudden death of this genesis was lower than in those persons whose death was not acute. The death age was especially low in the group of instantaneous death. Like in coronarogenic death the part of sudden death was higher in males than in females. The distribution of the frequency of causes of sudden death was the same as that in general mortality. Embolia of the lung was most frequent in both sexes and followed by cerebrovascular lesions. Acquired heart/valve/diseases ranged next in women and were followed by malignant tumors and aortic rupture. On the other hand, aortic rupture was at the third place in males and followed by malignant tumors and hemorrhages of the gastrointestinal tract. In both sexes the mentioned causes of death belong over 70% to all sudden deaths of non-coronarogenic origin. Other important causes of non-coronarogenic acute death are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Acute natural death in adults with special reference to the under-50 age group].

The cases of acute natural death of persons in the age group below 50 years were analysed in relation to the whole number of autopsies performed in the district of Leipzig (German Democratic Republic) in 1980. From a total of 137 cases, 103 (75.2%) were males and 34 (24.8%) females. The incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was 14.8 in males and 4.9 in females. The most common cause of death in the male group was the chronic ischemic heart disease ( CIHD ) with its complications. In females the noncoronarogenic death dominated. In contrast to other publications, we found only few thromboses (11%). Especially high was the number of embolia of the lung and the frequency of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in females. Of special interest are high physical activity in sports in combination with CIHD , anomalies of the coronary arteries, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which often causes sudden unexpected death. The results are discussed and other rare causes of acute death summarized. It seems from the literature also important to investigate histologically the heart muscle in all cases of unknown causes of acute death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Heart weight in acute death caused by coronary disease].

In 487 men and 359 women with acute coronary death the average heart weight was estimated. This was related to the different kinds of acute death and chronic ischemic heart disease. Moreover, the hearts were classified according to three weight groups (less than 400 g, 400-499 g, greater than 499 g) and also related to the different kinds of acute coronary death and chronic ischemic heart disease. On the average, the heart weights in females were lower than in males. In 90% of all cases a heart weight of more than 400 g was characteristic. Pathologic hypertrophy of the heart was especially found in the group of men who died on recurrent myocardial infarction or acute coronary insufficiency with fibrosis of the heart muscle. A majority of men dying under the signs of instantaneous death also showed a pathologic hypertrophy of the heart muscle. In the female group heart weights between 400-499 dominated. The results are discussed.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1983

[Frequency and age and sex distribution of acute natural deaths in the autopsied cases of the district of Leipzig].

The age and sex distribution of acute natural deaths autopsied in 1980 in the district of Leipzig was investigated. Nearly 20% of the autopsied cases died under the circumstances of an acute death. It is assumed that 12-15% of all deaths are acute. Males predominate in the age group between 20-60 years. The part of acute natural death is especially high in the age group up to 49 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Significance of chronic ischemic heart disease and its various forms for sudden death].

Our results confirm that chronic-ischemic heart disease is the most important cause of different forms of acute death. This is observed more often in men than in women. The average age of the deceased is especially low in cases of instantaneous death. The instantaneous death concerns males twice as often as females. In all age groups until the 8th decade, all kinds of acute death predominate in men. Acute myocardial infarction in cases of acute death is more frequent in women than in men. In nearly 4/5 of all cases we found a stenosing atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries whose rate is somewhat higher in males than in females. The greater part of all cases with acute death is characterized by signs of fresh or old disturbances of the coronary circulation. Only in 15% of all cases, we found no morphologic changes in the myocardium. This finding was especially often observed in cases of sudden death. To our opinion, in many cases the morphologic findings are not sufficient to explain the cause of acute death. Additional factors must also be taken into consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[On the concept of adaptation].

The presented paper concerns the problem of adaptation and its relations to diseases and compensation. Adaptation is a quality of the healthy life and belongs in this manner to the kinds of epigenetic regulation. Disease and adaptation are strongly to distinguish. In relation to the disease the ability of adaptation is in so far of importance as a disease develops in the case of a diminished adaptation. The individual different adaptability is responsible for the different effects of pathogenic factors. Adaptation and compensation represent different qualities. A definition of adaptation is proposed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

[Substance and intellectual roots of pathologic anatomy in Leipzig].

A survey is given on the development of pathologic anatomy in Leipzig since its establishment in the academic sense in 1869. Special interest was focussed on the scientific role of the directors of the institute and their influence on pathologic anatomy in Germany. It is obvious that research work was concentrated on problems of clinical pathology. But questions of experimental pathology as well as of etiology and pathogenesis of diseases were also of great interest. The principal cause for the high level of pathologic anatomy in Leipzig depends on the intellectual exchange with other schools of pathologic anatomy in Germany. 15 coworkers of the institute were called to a chair in other universities of Germany. Most directors came from other medical schools or worked several years out of Leipzig, resp. Personalities of special influence were Julius Cohnheim and Felix Marchand. Their scientific heritage is of great importance for the present time, too. In contrast to their scientific significance the important social changes of the last century found no reflection in the intellectual position of the leading exponents of academic pathology at Leipzig. In this sense a more conservative or reactionary position was characteristic.

Germany↗
PubMed1981

The influence of long-term application of isoproterenol on the results of temporary ischemia of the rat heart muscle.

The results presented demonstrate that long-term application of small doses of isoproterenol produces an adaptive reaction in the heart muscle with increase of its tolerance of oxygen deficiency induced by temporary ischemia. After adapting animals in the described manner muscle necrosis appears delayed and to a smaller extent. Our results also emphasize the view that the definitive myocardial damage is determined by the secondary disturbances of microcirculation. Furthermore, our findings support the idea of a pharmacologically induced adaptation of the heart muscle resulting in an increased tolerance of ischemic injury.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1980

[Significance of arterial hypertension in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerotic vascular changes].

Issuing from a description of the formal pathogenetic course of the arteriosclerosis and a global coordination of the essential risk factors to this process the importance of the hypertension in this process is emphasized. Its importance lies in fact that it becomes effective in the cooperation with other risk factors, particularly a dys- and hyperlipoproteinaemia, on various key mechanisms of the pathogenetic course. This concerns above all the permeability of the endothelium and the stimulation of the smooth muscle cells. Moreover, a hypertension has an essential influence on the degree of severity of the arteriosclerotic changes and their temporary appearance. The importance of the increased blood pressure is proved with the help of several instances. As it is shown by experimental results and also by findings in man, the unique hypertension does not lead to arteriosclerotic changes of the vascular wall, but to reaction of another kind.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral effects of low, acute doses of d-amphetamine on the dyadic interaction between mother and infant vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) during the first six postnatal months.

Doses of d-amphetamine sulfate (0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg/kg body weight) were given to adult monkeys in mother-infant pairs. The fundamental parental care behavior pattern was disrupted and the mother became isolated in a socially withdrawn phase. She did not respond to the calling signals of the infant and showed behavior in which stereotyped self-grooming and/or 'staring' into space were predominant. The reactions of the infant to this amphetamine-induced behavior were different in the two experimental pairs. In group 1 the infant increased its approach--avoidance movements. In group 2 the infant sat very quietly and close in front of the mother. The mother from group 1 reacted to the increased approaches from its infant with active rejection. In both groups the mothers did not react with the typical ventral--ventral grasping to either the infants sitting close or to the social anxiety signals of the infants. In spite of differences in behavior changes induced by amphetamine, the main conclusion is that the mothers totally lost their normal and highly biologic significant interest in their infants.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral effects of low, acute doses of morphine in nontolerant groups of rats in an open-field test.

Groups of eight rats were treated with low, acute doses of morphine (2, 3.5, and 5 mg/kg body weight) or a corresponding volume of isotonic NaCl solution. The formation of groups, certain other features of social interaction, plus some individual items were recorded. Morphine induced an increase in the frequency of group formations without disruption of grooming and rearing patterns. The total picture of morphine-induced behavior changes at the dose levels used might be characterized as a polyactivation (or a varied stimulation); different from the selective stimulation reported for d-amphetamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral effects of low and high acute doses of morphine in solitary mice.

The effects of morphine (5, 10, 100, and 150 mg/kg SC) on locomotor activity, object manipulation, grooming, rearing, and responsiveness to social stimulation were observed in naive, nontolerant mice. Morphine induced significant changes in the behavior elements recorded. Five and 10 mg/kg morphine caused an initial phase of about 1 h with inhibition of all activities. After 1 h the mice gradually increased activity and exceeded the corresponding placebo level at the end of the sessions. 100 and 150 mg/kg morphine caused an increase in locomotor activity. This hyperactive continuous running was stereotyped, restricted as it was to only a certain part of the experimental cage. Concurrently all other behavior elements were abolished. The animals did not normalize within the observation period. Neither the sedated mice with low doses nor the mice with high doses of morphine responded socially to the presence of another untreated mouse which was placed in the cage as a social response test.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Does the concept for the prevention of chronic ischemic heart disease correspond to current ideas on etiology and pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis?].

A summarizing description of the essential relations between the existence of risk factors and the course of the morphologic changes in the arteriosclerosis in the intima is given. In this process the low density lipoproteins play an important role which together with further etiologic factors contribute to an increased permeability of the endothelium and to the stimulation of the proliferation and modulation of the smooth muscle cells, which are of central importance in the vascular reaction. Certain effects on the progression of the arteriosclerosis as well as a regression of adequate morphologic changes are to be expected from an elimination of risk factors, provided the necessary measures begin in the early stages of the arteriosclerosis, i. e. in the preatheromatous stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral effects produced by long-term administration of a neuroleptic drug (flupenthixol) upon social interaction in a group of eight rats.

The behavioral effects produced by chronic treatment with alpha-flupenthixol decanoate followed by a 3-month pause upon social interaction in a group of eight rats were studied. alpha-Flupenthixol decanoate induced total disruption of two of the group formations studied, i.e., three or more in a group outside a corner and three or more following (running in a row)--the overall behavioral change shows a general depressive effect of the drug and a change in the pattern of social interaction. The shift in balance between the behavioral categories measured appeared as a significant difference in the time spent in the various group formations. Disintegration of group coherence, as shown in the measures of the degree of isolation, appeared only in the alpha-flupenthixol decanoate-treated group. An apomorphine test, which concluded the experiment 3 months after the last alpha-flupenthixol decanoate injection, revealed a significant difference in relation to licking response between the test group and the control group. The apomorphine test reported in this paper showed effects up to 90 days after the last drug treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Keeping poisons and children apart.

Every year thousands of young children, exploring the mysteries of cupboards and cabinets around the house, manage to get into more than simple mischief. A variety of harmful substances, ranging from corrosive acids to cosmetics and medicines are swallowed by these inquisitive youngsters. Poison Prevention Week, observed annually during the third week in March, serves to remind adults of their responsibilities for keeping poisons and children apart.

Anniversaries and Special Events↗