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Biomedical subjects

A Hecht

Publications and source records attributed to A Hecht.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The influence of dietary low and high unsaturated fats and cholesterol on the fatty acid pattern of serum and aortic cholesteryl esters and the lipid deposits of pig aorta.

16 three-month-old female pigs were divided into 3 groups. 6 animals received a semi-synthetic diet containing 15% sunflower oil (g/100 g food) and 1.25% cholesterol (SF group). In 6 animals the sunflower oil was replaced by beef tallow (BT group). 4 control animals 1.5% sunflower oil and without cholesterol. The serum cholesterol levels of the SF group rose moderately, those of the BT group moderately or highly. The relative lipid infiltrated intima area (LIA) and the cholesteryl ester (CE) content of aortas were generally lower in the SF group than in the BT group in comparison to the serum cholesterol levels. The dietary fatty acid pattern determined the fatty acid composition of CE in the serum and extracellular lipid of the aortic lesions. With regard to the intracellular changes of fatty acid pattern of CE (decrease in dienoic acid, predominantly linoleic acid, and increase in monoenoic acids, predominantly oleic acid, and in trienoic acids and higher unsaturated fatty acids), there were important differences between the 2 dietary groups. The dienoic acid content of CE decreased intracellularly from 61% to 30.5%, at the most, in the SF group, and then stopped. In the BT group only 26-35% dienoic acid was available from the extracellular CE and was reduced intracellularly to 9% at the most. In the SF group the intracellular increase in monoenoic acid content of CE was related to the decrease in dienoic acid content. In the BT group this was true only for some lipid deposits of the aorta; in other lesions the monoenoic acid content remained nearly constant or even decreased with decrease in linoleic acid whereas the increase in trienoic acid content was especially high suggesting that an unphysiological trienoic acid (20:3 delta 5, 8, 11), originating from oleic acid, was formed in greater amounts. Our findings point to the development of an essential fatty acid deficiency in the foam cells of aortic lesions in the BT group which may result in an unfavorable influence on the cholesterol clearance from the cells and the arterial wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Disease and its course considered from a causative point of view].

The need is substantiated for differentiation between the process and course of a disease. The course of a disease may be variable, depending on critical conditions and causative factors at the beginning. Differentiation is necessary between acute and chronic diseases as well as between expected and unexpected courses (complications) of a disease. Consideration must be given to the classical differentiation between restitutio ad integrum, restitutio cum defectu and death. Special interest is focussed at the chronic disease and its relationship with the process of ageing.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

[Determining the meaning of the concept of etiology].

The standpoint is taken that the understanding of causality in the medical science needs a precisation of its substance. In analyzing a number of textbooks of general pathology, beginning with the middle of the 19th century, the views of leading pathologists to this problem are reviewed. In consequence of this analysis an increase of cognition to the problem of etiology is to recognize. But it seems necessary to define the ideas on this field in using the dialectic determinism. This belongs to the following objects: etiology, causal and formal pathogenesis and causality. Using the term etiopathogenesis seems not to be efficient. In contrast the term of pathogenetic acting principal seems to be useful, but precisation of its substance is necessary.

Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Problems in the classification of disease--historical and current aspects].

Based on the general principles for classifying objects and its significance for science, and analysis of the current most important principles of classification in pathological anatomy is undertaken. In this context 6 groups of signs are presented which seem useful for the classification of diseases. The tendency to change from an artificial to a more natural mode of classification is described. A combination of these two aspects seems to best satisfy the actual needs. Special attention should be concentrated on general etiology and its relation to dialectic determinism. Of great importance is to consider new knowledge on the significance of DNA for the classification of diseases. The idea of disorders of metabolism is outdated and the chapter on disturbances of growth and differentiation must be divided according to the underlying defect.

Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Pathological anatomy--past, present and future].

Beginning with a brief overview of its history the future developments of pathologic anatomy are anticipated. While the major tasks of the institutes of pathology in hospitals lie in clinical pathology, the emphasis of the university institutes is on teaching and communicating the basis of general pathology and pathological anatomy. Progress requires a more intensive development of experimental and theoretical research as well as new morphologic techniques, taking advantage of recent scientific and technical advances. Clinical pathology should not be among the primary goals of university institutes. One of their major tasks must be the elaboration of cognitive theoretical concepts to further develop the understanding and classification of diseases and neoplasias, and their complex etiologies. The relationship with other medical disciplines is discussed. Pathological anatomy at universities should reflect the spirit of Virchow's pathology as is obvious from its history and traditions.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1987

[Dialectic of the disease concept].

Using the Marxist concept of matter as the point of departure, a short description is given of life as a principle moving form of matter. Life is the structured, biological, moving form of matter which has developed from the single cell, over different stages of organization to the human being. Disease too, represents a fundamental manifestation of life and has also been subject to the process of evolution and arises as a reaction to the confrontation with the environment. Its characteristics take on a different quality depending on the level of organization of the living organism. For this reason there can be no universally inclusive definition of disease which applies to all forms of life. In particular concepts of human disease must take into account the social form of matter in movement. In the same way the biological characterization of human disease must consider the micro-molecular point of view. Correspondingly malignant neoplasms for example are human diseases in the usual clinical sense but biologically are distinct in that, like aging they are directly bond to the existence of DNA. Both from the perspective of theoretical cognition and from the practical standpoint, such distinctions are essential to the way in which the concept of disease is regarded, if errors in the assessment of disease are to be avoided.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Introduction to current problems in arteriosclerosis research].

Preliminarily is referred to essential aspects of the aetiology of arteriosclerosis with particular consideration of the disturbed lipoprotein metabolism. Morphologically in the centre of pathogenetic considerations is the behaviour of the endothelial cells, the smooth muscle cells and the blood macrophages. As in many cases open problems we refer to the different participation of various arterial parts of the vessels in the arteriosclerotic process, to the necessity of a further clarification of the role of the thrombocytes in the initial phase of the arteriosclerosis as well as to the monocytes and their possible importance for the elimination of lipids from the vascular wall, the influence of drugs on the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the formation of extracellular matrix, the question of the regression of arteriosclerotic changes, the reduction of risk factors and their influence on the regression of morphological changes in various developmental stages of arteriosclerosis. It is referred to the possible importance of macrophages and their metabolism as markers for the recognition of risk-endangered persons. Furthermore is emphasized the importance of models for the clarification of the pathomechanism of the arteriosclerosis as well as of the cell culture and of perfusion models.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1986

[Significance of a theoretical pathology for the scientific cognitive process in medicine].

A critical examination of current trends in medicine demonstrates the need for a deepened theoretical foundation. Of particular importance is the development of theoretical pathology. The goals, methods and content of theoretical pathology are discussed and contrasted with those of general and special pathology. Although general pathology incorporates some elements of theoretical pathology, the latter is based on the theory of cognition rather than empirical science. Dialectic materialism is an essential element of this discipline. The development of theoretical pathology demands an interdisciplinary approach on the part of physicians, natural and social scientists and must be based on a broad concept of human disease.

Cognition↗
PubMed1986

[Cognitive aspects and problems in the diagnosis of malignant tumors and their integration into a general disease concept].

The view is expressed that the histologic diagnosis of malignant tumors rests on criteria which only partially reflect the true nature of the process. Future development will require a broadened basis for histologic tumor diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry will play an important role. Further as yet undefined methodologic advances are to be expected. Tumor development, like aging, may be regarded as a fundamental biological event and an expression of complex alterations of the genome. It would be a simplification to regard it merely as a manifestation of disturbed growth and differentiation processes. The current oncogen theory represents a useful contribution but is not a complete explantation of tumorgenesis. A definition of malignancy is proposed which incorporates our current understanding of essential aspects and which is distinct from general concepts of disease and from other DNA-related disturbances of development, such as congenital enzyme defects and genetically determined malformations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

[The so-called paling of the heart muscle and its value as an expression of ischemic myocardial damage].

Postmortem examination of human hearts demonstrated that fluorescent microscopic evidence of damage to the myocardium is present in most cases with so-called "paling". "Paling" is insufficient, however, to verify irreversible damage of the myocardium since nearly 1/3 of such cases have negative fluorescence microscopic reactions. In cases of acute coronary death with and without grossly visible signs of an ischemic myocardial damage necroses are demonstrable by fluorescence microscopy. This finding is not influenced by advanced autolysis. A fluorochromation with acridinorange at pH 7.0 is recommended in all cases of acute coronary death with and without paling or other macroscopic signs of acute ischemic damage to the heart muscle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Julius Cohnheim's contribution to cardiovascular pathology with special reference to myocardial infarct].

The close relationship between Cohnheim und Virchow and the possible influence of this tie on Cohnheim's work in the field of the pathology of the circulation are discussed. Cohnheim's own investigations focussed on the occurrence of emboli and temporary ischemia and their effects on different organs in various experimental animals. He was the first to undertake experimental ligation of the coronary artery in the dog and, in collaboration with Huber, he hypothesized the connection between coronary artery sclerosis on the one hand and necrosis, myocardial scarring and sudden unexpected death on the other. Cohnheim's concept of myocardial infarction remains one of his most enduring ideas.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative studies of sudden and non-sudden death due to coronary disease].

A comparative study of patients dying acutely and non-acutely from coronary heart disease was performed. The average age of the acute death group was significantly lower than the non-acute death group. There is no difference between the average age at death of the latter and that of those persons who died from non-coronary causes. The majority of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD) died a sudden death. This proportion is especially high among males under 50. Taking into account the different manifestations of chronic ischemic heart disease most males and females with sudden death died as a consequence of acute coronary insufficiency. In the group of non-acute coronary deaths, acute and recurrent myocardial infarction dominated as the cause of death. Coronary thrombosis was less frequent in the acute compared to the non-acute death group. There was no significant difference in the frequency of cardiac rupture between the two groups. Severe coronary arteriosclerosis was substantially more frequent in the acute group compared with the non-acute.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Coronary supply type, coronary artery sclerosis and localization of ischemic damage of the myocardium].

Among 46 hearts with coronary sclerosis and (for the most part) concurrent ischemic myocardial damage a right-sided blood supply system was most often observed. This was a particularly unfavourable combination in the presence of coronary sclerosis affecting the left side of the heart vasculature and was often associated with ischemic changes to the left anterior cardiac wall. The intermediate type of blood supply system appeared optimal and was least often associated with ischemic myocardial damage.

Coronary Circulation↗
PubMed1984

[Causes and as age and sex distribution in autopsy cases of sudden natural death of noncoronary etiology].

In 1,382 autopsied cases of sudden death we found 409 which died of a non-coronarogenic cause. The proportion of women was significantly higher (37.2%) than that of men (23%). The age at death in the different kinds of sudden death of this genesis was lower than in those persons whose death was not acute. The death age was especially low in the group of instantaneous death. Like in coronarogenic death the part of sudden death was higher in males than in females. The distribution of the frequency of causes of sudden death was the same as that in general mortality. Embolia of the lung was most frequent in both sexes and followed by cerebrovascular lesions. Acquired heart/valve/diseases ranged next in women and were followed by malignant tumors and aortic rupture. On the other hand, aortic rupture was at the third place in males and followed by malignant tumors and hemorrhages of the gastrointestinal tract. In both sexes the mentioned causes of death belong over 70% to all sudden deaths of non-coronarogenic origin. Other important causes of non-coronarogenic acute death are discussed.

Adult↗