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Biomedical subjects

A Brand

Publications and source records attributed to A Brand.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Coagulation parameters of CPD fresh-frozen plasma and CPD cryoprecipitate-poor plasma after storage at 4 degrees C for 28 days.

A pilot study was performed on the storage of plasma and cryosupernatant plasma at 4 degrees C for up to 28 days. Eight bags, four of CPD fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and four of CPD cryosupernatant plasma (CSP, plasma without cryoprecipitate), were sampled during storage for assays of pH; factors V, VIII, IX, and XI; fibrinogen; prothrombin time; activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT); plasma protein electrophoresis; viscosity; and C1q binding. No changes were found in viscosity or the plasma protein electrophoretic pattern, and there was no detectable immune complex formation. The fibrinogen concentration remained constant, and the prothrombin time showed a gradual increase of 2.5 seconds for both groups of plasma. The labile coagulation factor V decreased gradually for FFP and CSP to 58 and 64 percent of its initial value, respectively (51 +/- 8% and 54 +/- 6% of the value of fresh pooled plasma). Factor VIII decreased to 36 percent of its initial value in FFP (48 +/- 14% of fresh pooled plasma). In CSP, factor VIII decreased after 28 days to 7 percent of its initial value (7 +/- 1% of fresh pooled plasma). The APTT increased for FFP from 28 to 35.8 +/- 1.1 seconds and for CSP from 36 to 49.5 +/- 4.9 seconds. The only chemical change observed for both plasmas was a rise in pH, from 7.27 to 7.56, after 28 days. The results of this pilot study indicate that FFP can be stored at 4 degrees C for 28 days with sufficient recovery of coagulation factors to maintain hemostasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1993

Oligoclonal development of germinal centre cells as detected by anti-idiotype antibodies.

Experimental models using immunization with known haptens have shown that germinal centres develop from only a limited number of precursor cells which expand in an oligoclonal fashion. Using a panel of antibodies raised against the idiotype of follicle centre cell lymphomas and known to be reactive only with a few normal B cells, we could demonstrate that individual clones can be identified within germinal centres of individual follicles of human lymph nodes and tonsils. Therefore also in humans in a non-experimental, natural situation, germinal centres expand in an oligoclonal fashion.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1993

Progressive systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma in a child presenting as nocturnal seizures and Raynaud's phenomenon.

Progressive systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma, as well as neurological manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis are rare in adult-onset cases. Neither have been reported in children with progressive systemic sclerosis, either separately or together. We describe a six-year-old girl with nocturnal seizures and Raynaud's phenomenon of three years' duration. She died of cardiopulmonary sclerosis without ever fitting the required criteria of systemic sclerosis. Nailfold capillaroscopy revealed the specific "scleroderma-pattern" and provided the only clue for a diagnosis of progressive systemic sclerosis, confirmed eventually by skin biopsy.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a double blind, placebo controlled study.

Patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) were randomised in a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial to investigate whether high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (IVIg) for 5 consecutive days has a beneficial effect. Fifteen patients were randomised to IVIg and 13 to placebo. In the IVIg treatment group 4 patients improved and 3 patients in the placebo group. The degree of improvement of the patients in the IVIg treatment group was no different from the patients in the placebo group. Electrophysiological studies did not show significant differences between the groups. Since a previously performed cross-over trial showed that a selected group of CIDP patients responded better to IVIg than to placebo, it is concluded that we need better criteria to select CIDP patients for treatment with IVIg.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1993

Multinuclear NMR studies on the energy metabolism of glial and neuronal cells.

In this multinuclear NMR study myo-inositol is identified as a glia-specific marker for in vivo NMR studies. The unusually high inositol concentration may participate in the osmoregulatory system in astrocytes. Primary astrocytes also synthesize and export high amounts of hypotaurine, an intermediate of taurine synthesis. Taurine--another osmolyte--is synthesized from cysteine by astrocytes but not by primary neurons. Taurine as well as hypotaurine is accumulated by neurons from the extracellular medium. 13C NMR labelling results with 2-13C pyruvate indicate a considerable contribution of the anaplerotic pathway in primary neurons from rat. The activity is only half of the activity in primary astrocytes. The ratio of pyruvate carboxylase/malic enzyme activity versus pyruvate dehydrogenase activity reflects the degree of maturation. The 13C isotopomer ratio of glutamate and glutamine is different for pure astrocyte cultures. Therefore, the different isotopomer ratios of glutamate to glutamine obtained from intact brain studies alone do not prove TCA cycle compartimentation in the brain. Finally, the PCr/ATP ratio in primary astrocytes is 3 times higher than in primary neurons. This has to be considered in case of recovery from ischemic insults.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

Hypothyroidism during immunotherapy with interleukin-2 is associated with antithyroid antibodies and response to treatment.

PURPOSE: We investigated whether the association of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with hypothyroidism is related to the presence of thyroid autoantibodies, dose of IL-2, and clinical effectiveness of treatment, and reviewed the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen cancer patients were treated with high-dose recombinant, continuous infusion IL-2 (18 x 10(6) IU/m2/d) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. One patient previously treated for a toxic goiter with radioactive iodine was analyzed separately. Thyroid function and levels of thyroid antibodies were determined regularly. RESULTS: Seven of 15 patients (47%) became hypothyroid with high serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels within 60 to 120 days after the start of treatment; five responded favorably to treatment (one complete remission [CR], four partial remissions [PRs]), compared with none of the other eight patients. Two hypothyroid patients developed antimicrosomal antibodies (AMAs), one showed a further increase of antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs), and six developed TgAbs. Only one of eight euthyroid patients developed slightly elevated TgAb levels. Development of hypothyroidism correlated significantly with a favorable response to treatment (r = .76, P = .001). The patient, treated with radioactive iodine, also became hypothyroid with high levels of TSH and development of AMAs and TgAbs. No difference was found between the hypothyroid and euthyroid patients in mean cumulative dose of IL-2 administered within the first 60 days or total treatment period, or with the relative dose-intensity. No other autoantibodies were found and patients had normal corticotropin (ACTH) stimulation tests. CONCLUSION: The likelihood of developing (transient) hypothyroidism is higher in patients who respond to IL-2 treatment. The development of antithyroid antibodies suggests that IL-2 treatment triggers autoreactive B-cell clones or that cellular and/or cytokine-mediated thyroid destruction leads to activation of autoreactive B-cell clones.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Preinfection chemotactic response of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes to predict severity of Escherichia coli mastitis.

Experimental mastitis was induced by inoculating rear right quarters of 10 healthy cows with 10(3) cfu of Escherichia coli. The chemotactic responses of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes at d-6, -5, -2, -1, and immediately prior to inoculation were measured. Chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was measured immediately prior to inoculation. Severity of the experimental mastitis was assessed by bacterial growth in the inoculated quarters. Results of this study indicated that severity of the experimental mastitis may be predicted by the chemotactic response in vitro of polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from the peripheral blood at d 2, d 1, and immediately prior to inoculation. The number of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes immediately prior to inoculation also showed a negative relationship with the severity of mastitis. No relationship existed between preinfection chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the severity of the experimental mastitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Relations between on-line electrical conductivity and daily milk production on a low somatic cell count farm.

To study the relation between on-line electrical conductivity and daily milk production, data of 1389 cow days were analyzed. After correction for cow effects and DIM, a rise of 1 mS of the mean electrical conductivity caused a decline of .88 kg/d in milk production. A rise of 1 ln(SCC) unit was associated with an additional decline of .54 kg/d in milk production. In cows without clinical mastitis during the test period, the losses associated with mean electrical conductivity and ln(SCC) were 1.06 and .45 kg/d of milk production, respectively. Electrical conductivity and SCC were associated with daily production loss; the effects were additive. Therefore, electrical conductivity and SCC can be utilized as indirect tests of subclinical mastitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis during experimental Escherichia coli bovine mastitis.

The relationship between the severity of experimental Escherichia coli mastitis and the chemotactic response of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes was investigated before and during mastitis. Experimental E. coli mastitis was induced in 10 healthy cows by inoculation of the rear right quarters with 10(3) cfu of E. coli. Cows were classified into two groups based on the severity of the mastitis. Bacterial growth in the inoculated quarter was used as parameter that indicated severity. Before and during experimental mastitis, the chemotactic response and the number of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes were greater for the moderately diseased cows than for the severely diseased cows. During the first 24 h of the experimental mastitis, the chemotactic response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes decreased in both groups. Recovery of the chemotactic response of white blood cells was more rapid in moderately diseased cows than in severely diseased cows. Possibly, the larger proportion of band neutrophils (the less chemotactically active band neutrophils) partially accounts for the lower chemotactic response of the circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes during experimental mastitis in the severely diseased cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Severity of experimental Escherichia coli mastitis in ketonemic and nonketonemic dairy cows.

The severity of experimental Escherichia coli mastitis in relation to in vitro chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was investigated in cows during negative energy balance. The negative energy balance was induced by feed restriction. Cows were classified into two groups, ketonemic and nonketonemic, based on the beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration in the peripheral blood at the moment of inoculation. Bacterial growth in the inoculated quarter was used as a parameter to indicate the severity of experimental mastitis. In the nonketonemic cows, experimental mastitis ranged from moderate to severe. Severity of experimental mastitis was negatively related to preinfection chemotactic response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In contrast, the course of experimental mastitis in the ketonemic group was relatively severe in all cows, regardless of preinfection chemotactic response.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1993

Acute pancreatitis: induced by heroin intoxication?

Hyperamylasemia has been reported in heroin addicts and ascribed to an increase of salivary isoamylase. Ours is the first report on acute pancreatitis in a heroin user. All prognostic parameters indicating a severe course of the disease were present, and computed tomography showed an edematous pancreatitis, but the acute pancreatitis took a benign clinical course.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Nutritional factors affecting milk quality, with special regard to milk protein: a review.

This paper reviews some of the recent scientific literature that relates nutritional management to protein concentration in the milk of dairy cows. Nutritional management of the dairy cattle was organized under the headings of nutrition and body condition before calving, forage to concentrate ratio, type and treatments of forage, dietary fibre, dietary protein, dietary amino acid supplementation, dietary fat, dietary carbohydrates, concentrate composition, vitamins, feed additives, and feeding frequency. The level of feeding and rate of liveweight change prior to calving within "normal" limits seems to have relatively little effect on milk yield and composition. Cows which are thin at calving, are biologically more efficient because they produce more milk directly from food rather than from mobilization of body reserves. Increasing the forage content of the diet leads to increased milk fat and depressed milk protein as well as milk yield, and vice versa. Modification of forage type and the treatments of forage seem to exert a relatively weak effect on milk composition. Increasing neutral detergent fibre (NDF) concentration of the diet from 25% to 37% on dry matter (DM) basis corresponds to a linear decrease in milk production, milk protein and a linear increase in the fat content of milk. When data were analysed by the source of roughage, a significant interaction of effects was found between NDF content of the diet on milk yield. Increasing the protein concentration of the diet up to 22% was found to raise milk yield and milk fat concentration, but an increase beyond that level had no consistent effect. A moderate amount of undegradable protein, however, can improve the milk yield and milk protein content of high-lactating cows. Milk protein concentration may be improved by various combinations of ruminally protected methionine and lysine if these amino acids are limiting in the diet. The inclusion of free lipids in diets generally increases the milk yield, but decreases milk protein concentration. By-pass lipids improve milk yield. Levels of dietary fat above 6-7 per cent lead to a depression of both total milk yields and fat and protein content. The source of carbohydrate in the concentrate has little effect on milk production when the concentrates are of similar metabolizable energy (ME) content. Dietary beta carotene has no significant effects on milk production or milk components, while vitamin A may be more effective. Niacin supplementation may correct a milk protein depression induced by dietary oil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

Induction of CD11a/leukocyte function antigen-1 and CD54/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on hairy cell leukemia cells is accompanied by enhanced susceptibility to T-cell but not lymphokine-activated killer-cell cytotoxicity.

Some B-cell neoplasms, including hairy cell leukemia (HCL), lack expression of the adhesion molecule leukocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1/CD11a). Additionally, HCL cells express relatively low amounts of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1/CD54) and may therefore be an inappropriate target for recognition by T cells or lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. We tested whether these molecules were inducible on HCL cells and if induction would lead to enhanced susceptibility to lysis by LAK cells or cytolytic T cells. CD11a expression was induced by incubation with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) or interleukin-4. CD54 was induced by culturing the cells irrespectively of the addition of cytokines. Expression of CD11a and CD54 did not enhance susceptibility to either autologous or allogeneous LAK cells. However, induction of these adhesion molecules was accompanied by enhanced susceptibility to lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones. This lysis could be reversed by the addition of anti-CD11a and anti-CD54 antibodies. Finally, we monitored the expression of CD11a and CD54 on HCL cells from patients during IFN-alpha therapy. In one of four patients monitored, we observed rapid in vivo induction of CD11a and CD54 on the leukemic cells during IFN-alpha therapy. These studies provide a model for studying immunosurveillance in HCL.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

Polyvalent immunoglobulin for intravenous use interferes with cell proliferation in vitro.

Intravenous immunoglobulin is used to an increasing extent in various immune-mediated diseases, but its mechanism(s) of action in vivo is incompletely understood. Previous studies have shown that intravenous immunoglobulin may interfere with autoantibodies and their production by B cells and also inhibit Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Here we describe a novel effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on proliferation of in vitro activated peripheral blood lymphocytes and autonomously growing cell lines of various origin. Independently of whether proliferation was autonomous or induced by antigen-specific or antigen-nonspecific reagents, proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion, as measured by reduced 3H-thymidine and BrdU uptake and cell counting. The effect was not due to cytotoxic effects of intravenous immunoglobulin and was reversible after removing the intravenous immunoglobulin by washing. The IgG levels required for this inhibition of proliferation are supraphysiological but are reached in vivo during treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The prevalence of valvular regurgitation in children with structurally normal hearts: a color Doppler echocardiographic study.

To determine the prevalence of valvular regurgitation in children (from birth to 14 years old) with structurally normal hearts, the records of 1360 consecutive patients referred for echocardiographic and Doppler examination were analyzed. A total of 461 (33.9%) patients were found to have structurally normal hearts. Flow patterns across the four valves were examined by pulsed, continuous-wave, and color Doppler imaging techniques. Regurgitation was detected in 124 (26.9%). Pulmonic regurgitation was most commonly found and was detected in 101 (21.9%) patients, tricuspid regurgitation in 29 (6.3%), and mitral regurgitation in 11 (2.4%). Aortic regurgitation was not found. Regurgitation of one valve occurred in 106 (23.0%) patients and of two valves in 18 (3.9%) patients. No patient had regurgitation of more than two valves. The prevalence of pulmonic regurgitation increased significantly with age (p less than 0.0001), whereas the prevalence of mitral, tricuspid, and bivalvular regurgitation did not change with age. Valvular regurgitation was trivial or mild in 87% of patients. Thus mild valvular regurgitation is commonly found in children with structurally normal hearts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Fertility, production and culling following cesarean section in dairy cattle.

A population-based historical cohort study design was used to investigate the effects of a cesarean section on calf mortality, fertility, milk production and culling on 35 Dutch dairy farms. The data were collected during a routine herd health and production control program. Cows undergoing a cesarean section had a higher calf mortality rate, a longer interval from first service to conception and a smaller risk for retained placenta than control cows, those with spontaneous deliveries and those with dystocias. Cumulative milk production at 100 days was lower and the risk of being culled was higher for cows with cesarean sections than for the control cows.

Journal Article↗