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A Brand

Publications and source records attributed to A Brand.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Misleading results in the determination of haemolytic disease of the newborn using antibody titration and ADCC in a woman with anti-Lub.

The Lutheran blood group system consists of several genes of which Lua and Lub are the best characterized. Over 98% of the Western population is Lu (b+), and consequently antibody formation against Lub is rare. Cases reported in the literature suggest that the expression of Lutheran antigens on red cells of the newborn is weak, and Lutheran antibodies are not known to have caused severe haemolytic disease of the newborn. We describe a case of anti-Lub immunization during pregnancy. Despite increasing anti-Lub antibody titre and antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of the anti-Lub, two parameters associated with haemolytic disease of the newborn, the baby did not suffer from erythroblastosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Transfusion results of filtered and subsequently stored random platelet suspensions prepared from buffy coats.

There is almost general agreement that removal of leukocytes from blood components reduces the incidence of HLA-antibody formation and refractoriness to random platelet transfusions. Recently filters have become available, which are able to reduce leukocyte contamination in platelet suspensions with acceptable platelet loss. We evaluated a cellulose acetate (CA) and a polyester (PE) filter, and stored buffy coat-derived platelet suspensions after filtration. Both filters are effective for the removal of leukocytes to levels below 5 x 10(6) per transfusate. For the CA filter, platelet recovery was 73 +/- 13% yielding 256 +/- 53 x 10(9) platelets per transfusate from 6 donors. For the PE filter, platelet recovery was 90 +/- 9% and 327 +/- 51 x 10(9) platelets per transfusate. When a loading dose of less than 5 x 10(8) leukocytes was applied, 98% of the CA-filtered suspensions and 100% of the PE-filtered suspensions contained less than 5 x 10(6) residual leucocytes. In 123 patients transfusion results of CA-filtered platelet suspensions stored for 72 h, were compared with those obtained by non-stored, non filtered, random platelet suspensions which had been leukocyte depleted by differential centrifugation. Platelet increments 1 and 20 h after transfusion showed no statistical difference between CA-filtered platelet transfusions stored for 72 h and non-stored, non-filtered platelet transfusions. In a new cohort of 117 patients, two filters and various postfiltration storage times were compared. Using both filters, the 1-hour posttransfusion increments decreased to approximately 60% after 96 h of storage compared to results of storage periods of 72 h or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bleeding Time↗
PubMed1992

Electrical conductivity of milk: measurement, modifiers, and meta analysis of mastitis detection performance.

The physics, physiology, and pathology of electrical conductivity of milk are described. Based on a meta analysis, the use of electrical conductivity as a mastitis detection tool is discussed. Most reports were based on subclinical mastitis data. The gold standards of the different reports are discussed. With an overall sensitivity of 66% and an overall specificity of 94%, the predictive value of a positive electrical conductivity test remains low in a low prevalence population. The use of on-line systems for clinical mastitis detection is discussed. On-line systems that combine multiple data and perform multifactorial analyses will be of interest to the dairy industry.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Selective outgrowth of CD45RO+ V gamma 9+/V delta 2+ T-cell receptor gamma/delta T cells early after bone marrow transplantation.

Before and after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for hematologic malignancies, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients were obtained. The relative and absolute numbers of CD3+ T-cell receptor gamma delta+ (TCR gamma delta+) cells, as defined by the reaction of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against CD3 and the TCR gamma delta (anti-TCR gamma delta-1), were determined. Before transplantation, eight of nine patients tested had less than 10% CD3+TCR gamma delta+ cells. Consistent increased numbers of gamma delta cells up to eightfold the pretransplant level can be seen in four of nine patients tested within the first 4 months after BMT. The large majority of early posttransplant gamma delta and alpha beta T cells express the CD45RO antigen, which is usually expressed on "memory" cells only. The V-region usage of the TCR gamma delta+ T cells was analyzed using fresh mononuclear cells and MoAbs against known V gamma and V delta regions. For more detailed analysis, CD3+TCR gamma delta+ cells were sorted and cultured in bulk and cloned. Using fresh cells and bulk cultures, mainly V gamma 9+V delta 1-V delta 2+ cells were found during engraftment. Only after 6 weeks post-BMT, V gamma 9-V delta 1+V delta 2- cells appear. Analysis of the V gamma and V delta usage at the clonal level confirmed the observation that early after BMT only V gamma 9+V delta 2+ cells are present, whereas gamma delta T-cell clones expressing other gamma delta TCR phenotypes can only be detected 4 to 6 weeks post-BMT. The predominance of V gamma 9+ cells during early engraftment could be explained by several mechanisms: (A) sequential rearrangements during T-cell development, leading to an early wave of V gamma 9+ cells, or (B) selective outgrowth of preexisting V gamma 9+V delta 2+CD45RO+ TCR gamma delta cells in the bone marrow graft, possibly as a result of antigen driven expansion due to exposure to environmental antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Growth inhibition of clonogenic leukemic precursor cells by minor histocompatibility antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Minor histocompatibility (mH) antigens appear to play a major role in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using HLA-identical donors. Previously, we reported the isolation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted mH antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from patients with graft-vs.-host disease or rejection after HLA-identical BMT. We have demonstrated that mH antigens can be recognized on hematopoietic progenitor cells, and residual recipient CTL specific for mH antigens expressed on donor hematopoietic progenitor cells may be responsible for graft rejection in spite of intensive conditioning regimens in HLA-identical BMT. Here, we investigated whether mH antigen-specific CTL directed against the mH antigens HA-1 to HA-5 and the male-specific antigen H-Y were capable of antigen-specific inhibition of in vitro growth of clonogenic leukemic precursor cells. We demonstrate that mH antigen-specific CTL against all mH antigens tested can lyse freshly obtained myeloid leukemic cells, that these mH antigen-specific CTL can inhibit their clonogenic leukemic growth in vitro, and that this recognition is MHC restricted. We illustrate that leukemic (precursor) cells can escape elimination by mH antigen-specific CTL by impaired expression of the relevant MHC restriction molecule. We suggest that mH antigen-specific MHC-restricted CTL may be involved in vivo in the graft-vs.-leukemia reactivity after BMT.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Sensitization by platelet transfusion.

In patients without a history of previous blood transfusions or pregnancy, alloimmunization to HLA-antigens can be virtually prevented by rigorous white cell depletion of blood components. In the present state of knowledge it is recommended that white cells should be depleted prior to storage of blood and that "bedside" filtration should be omitted. Patients who are presensitized by past blood transfusions or pregnancy are still at considerable risk of activation of the secondary antibody response by HLA-class I antigens still present in white cell depleted blood components.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1991

Minor histocompatibility antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell lines, capable of lysing human hematopoietic progenitor cells, can be generated in vitro by stimulation with HLA-identical bone marrow cells.

Recipient-antidonor alloreactivity before HLA genotypically identical bone marrow transplantation (BMT) between donor-recipient pairs that are negative in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), the cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assay, and the lymphocyte crossmatch was not detectable in the majority of cases, using recipient peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) collected before BMT as responder cells and donor PBL as stimulator cells. However, when donor bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) instead of PBL were used as stimulator cells, we could detect donor-specific alloreactivity in 7 of 10 HLA genotypically identical donor-recipient pairs. To demonstrate that this alloreactivity was minor histocompatibility (mH) antigen specific and not directed against HLA class I splits or variants, two cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines were tested in further detail against phytohemagglutinin (PHA) blasts from pairs of HLA genotypically identical siblings positive for the HLA class I restriction molecule. Both CTL lines recognized mH antigens, as illustrated by the differential recognition of PHA blasts of one of the two siblings from several pairs. The potential role of these mH antigen-specific CTLs in bone marrow graft rejection was demonstrated by the mH antigen-specific growth inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the original bone marrow donor and from HLA class I restriction molecule-positive individuals who expressed the mH antigens on their PBL and BMMNC. Our assay can be used in HLA genotypically identical BMT to detect a recipient-antidonor response, directed against cellularly defined mH antigens expressed on donor HPC, BMMNC, and PBL, before transplantation.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1991

Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with improvement.

Of 52 patients fulfilling the criteria of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 20 (38%) did not improve after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, two (4%) had a short-lasting improvement and subsequent infusions had no effect, nine (17%) reached a spontaneously or therapeutically induced complete remission, and 21 patients (40%) needed intermittent infusions to maintain improvement. All patients who improved initially had symptoms that significantly interfered with life-style. After treatment, 90% of these patients were independent in their daily activities. Significantly associated with improvement were disease duration of less than 1 year, progression of weakness until treatment, absence of discrepancy in weakness between arms and legs, areflexia of the arms, and slowed nerve conduction velocity of the motor median nerve. The probability of improvement if all these features are present in 93%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Generating lineage-specific markers to study Drosophila development.

To generate cell- and tissue-specific expression patterns of the reporter gene lacZ in Drosophila, we have generated and characterized 1,426 independent insertion strains using four different P-element constructs. These four transposons carry a lacZ gene driven either by the weak promoter of the P-element transposase gene or by partial promoters from the even-skipped, fushi-tarazu, or engrailed genes. The tissue-specific patterns of beta-galactosidase expression that we are able to generate depend on the promoter utilized. We describe in detail 13 strains that can be used to follow specific cell lineages and demonstrate their utility in analyzing the phenotypes of developmental mutants. Insertion strains generated with P-elements that carry various sequences upstream of the lacZ gene exhibit an increased variety of expression patterns that can be used to study Drosophila development.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

HLA antigens in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

In a group of 52 patients with a chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), no significant associations were found with any of the HLA-A, B, C, DR or DQ antigens. No HLA association was found between the presence or absence of anti-neural antibodies or between the group of patients improving or not improving after intravenous immunoglobulin. These findings mean that we could not confirm results from the literature that suggest that CIDP is associated with the HLA-A1,B8,DR3 haplotype or--as recently was suggested--with the HLA-Cw7 or DR2 antigen.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in healthy cows and cows with Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced mastitis.

The pharmacodynamics of carprofen and its pharmacokinetics in plasma and milk of healthy cows and cows with endotoxin-induced mastitis were studied after a single intravenous dose of 0.7 mg/kg body weight. Carprofen was administered to five clinically healthy cows and to the same cows 3 weeks later, 2 h after intramammary infusion of endotoxin. Mastitis developed in all endotoxin-infused quarters. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of carprofen in healthy cows were a small volume of distribution (0.09 l/kg), a relatively low systemic clearance (2.4 ml/h kg), and a long elimination half-life (30.7 h). In the mastitic cows, systemic clearance (1.4 ml/h kg) was significantly lower (P less than 0.01), and elimination half-life (43.0 h) was significantly longer (P less than 0.01) than in the normal animals. Concentrations of carprofen in milk from healthy quarters were below the limit of detection for the assay (0.022 micrograms/ml). In milk from mastitic quarters, concentrations of carprofen increased up to 0.164 micrograms/ml during the first 12 h after induction of mastitis, but were less than 0.022 micrograms/ml at 24 to 48 h. Compared with the untreated mastitic controls, carprofen treatment significantly reduced heart rate (P less than 0.01), rectal temperature (P less than 0.001), quarter swelling (P less than 0.01) and other parameters measured. Local and systemic adverse reactions to carprofen were not observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

What we want.1925.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Gender Identity↗
PubMed1991

The effect of perioperative blood transfusion on recurrence after primary operation for Crohn's disease.

The effect of perioperative blood transfusion on recurrence after primary operation was retrospectively studied in a group of 104 patients with Crohn's disease. Patients who had minor procedures like strictureplasty, segmental small-bowel resection, and operation for perianal fistula were excluded. Patients who had more extensive surgery were selected, to have an approximately equal distribution of blood transfusion in the different subgroups. Sixty-six female and 45 male patients were included; 65 patients had perioperative blood transfusion and 39 did not. Irrespective of blood transfusion it was confirmed that patients with small-bowel localization have a better prognosis than patients with combined or colonic localization. Patients who had resection of a specimen of less than 30 cm or more than 70 cm had a worse prognosis than the others. The reason for this observation is unclear. Except for patients with colonic localization only, blood transfusion was about equally distributed among patients with ileocaecal localization (19 of 36) and patients with ileal disease (17 of 34). Perioperative blood transfusion had no effect on disease recurrence, either for the whole group of transfused patients or for any of the subgroups, apart from those with colonic localization only. They had a significantly lower recurrence, as diagnosed before 60 months of follow-up. This is ascribed to the fact that these patients had large colonic resection with a lower chance of having active recurrent disease. In conclusion, we could not confirm the protective effects of blood transfusion on recurrence of Crohn's disease, as observed by others.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Risk factors for clinical mastitis in herds with a low bulk milk somatic cell count. 2. Risk factors for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

The incidence rate of clinical mastitis due to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was studied in 125 herds with a low annual bulk milk somatic cell count (less than 150,000 cells/ml). Risk factors that were offered to a multivariate Poisson regression model included general management, housing, cleaning procedures, cow and cubicle cleanliness, feeds and feeding, dry cow management, milking procedures, machine milking, disease prevention, and milk production. Some differences in epidemiology between E. coli and S. aureus were observed. In the S. aureus model, more milking procedure and milking machine variables were present. The milk production, drinking water source, amount of bedding, and ventilation were other important factors in the S. aureus model. Teat disinfection was an important risk factor in the E. coli model but was much less important in the S. aureus model. Cleaning procedures were more important in the E. coli model. The main breed on the farm and percentage of cows leaking milk were other important factors in the E. coli model.

Animal Husbandry↗