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Biomedical subjects

A A Orlov

Publications and source records attributed to A A Orlov.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Interim results of a prospective randomized study of self-examination for early detection of breast cancer (Russia/St.Petersburg/WHO)].

Training in breast self-examination (BSE) technique involved 57,712 women, aged 40-64, at 14 out of randomly selected out-patient hospitals in St. Petersburg (1985-1989). Another 64,759 women selected at another 14 out-patient hospitals were in control. All patients with detected tumor pathology of the breast were biopsied and treated at the Institute's Clinic. The study focused on breast cancer incidence, survival and mortality. More women in the BSE group sought medical advice for suspected pathology (4,300) than those in control (2,438; p < 0.05). There were 493 cases of breast cancer in the BSE group with 157 fatalities, 446 cases of breast cancer with 167 fatalities in the control group. There was no significant difference in tumor stage. Nine-year survival (after Kaplan-Meyer) from the time of tumor detection was 65% in the study group and 55% in control (log rank 0.774; p > 0.05). There has been no significant difference in death rates in both groups for the past ten years. The study is to continue until the year 2001.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Results of cytologic diagnosis of breast tumors].

The data on the cytological diagnosis of breast cancer in 4.410 patients tuated at the Clinic of the Institute in 1993-1996 are presented. There was histological evidence on 1,479 patients. The sensitivity of cytological examination was 97.2, specificity--92.4, predictive value of positive test--97 and that of negative test--93%. Correlations between cytological evidence, histological pattern, stage and size of tumor are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Ultrasound differentiation of fibroadenoma and diagnosis of minimal carcinoma of the breast].

The investigation was based on the ultrasound and mammographic examination of 630 patients with different patterns of fibroadenoma and 23--with carcinoma of the breast. Sonography should be carried out in step with menstrual cycle when diffuse hyperplasia of glandular tissue is registered. Minimal lobular cancers present most difficulties. Detection of a "node" should not be seen as the dividing line between tumor and fibroadenoma. In cases of fibroadenoma, sonography should be sometimes supplemented by mammography. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy should be used to clarify radiological evidence.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The transplantation of hemopoietic cells in patients with solid tumors].

AIM: Evaluation of efficiency of bone marrow and peripheral stem cells transplantation in patients with solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 38 patients aged 30-40 years with stage III or IV solid tumors (15 cases of breast cancer, 5 cases of Ewing's sarcoma, 4 cases of osteogenic sarcoma, ovarian or testicular tumors, 3 cases of soft tissue sarcoma) underwent high-dose polychemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic rescue. All the patients were resistant to the first line chemotherapy or were in relapse of the disease. 21, 11 and 6 patients were transplanted bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cells and both bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells, respectively. RESULTS: The only factor which influenced overall survival of the patients was the stage of the disease at the moment of the transplantation. 66% of patients in complete or partial remission survived 3 years versus 16.6% of those in progression or relapse of the disease. Other parameters such as the patients' age, the source of hemopoietic cells, number of chemotherapy courses were not essential for the survival. 2 patients died after transplantation. The main cause of death was relapse or progression of the disease after the transplantation. CONCLUSION: Transplantation of hemopoietic cells is a promising therapy of patients with solid tumors sensitive to chemotherapy.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1998

[The effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclines (adriablastin, doxorubicin) for stage-IIb-IIIa breast cancer].

The effectiveness of adjuvant treatment with anthracyclins (adriablastin, doxorubicin) and standard CMF regimens for breast tumors has been compared. The study included 349 patients with stage IIB-IIIA tumors (T1-2N2M0, T3N0-2M0) (mean age-46 years) during 1985-1990 follow-up-60.38 months. In the doxorubicin group, overall 5-year survival was 73 +/- 8%, in the CMF group-62 +/- 8%. Recurrence-free 5-year survival was 62 +/- 8 and 55 +/- 8%, respectively. The differences are not significant. A stage-related analysis established a significant difference in overall survival in patients with T1-2N2M0 tumors (c-sqare 9.92, p < 0.01). However, due to a small number of cases, the phenomenon requires further study. Although adriablastin treatment involved a significantly higher frequency of carciotoxic symptoms, complete alopecia and dyspeptic complication, a systemic administration of cardioxan and effective antiemetic drugs was lacking.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Study of functional characteristics of brain neurons in behavioral experiment].

The work of the central integrative neurons of the brain is concerned with the total evaluation of the heterogeneous signals and signals of different sensory modality, coming to these neurons via the parallel inputs. Due to the processing of this information central neurons participate in organization of the different acts of animal and in mechanisms of switching from one action to another. Therefore, to define what role the neuron plays in the behavior organization it is necessary to analyse dynamics of unit activities continuously during the all successively performed animal's actions. The traditional methods, such as post- and peristimlus histograms and crosscorrelation are not effective enough for this aim. They are useful for the analysis of the spikes that are situated close to the synchronizing signal only. The application of these methods for the study of unit activity related to extended behavioral program inevitably leads to creation of histograms for each action separately. Such sets of histogram do not reflect the real dynamics of neuronal activity corresponding to the continuum of the behavior. A complex approach is proposed for the study of neuronal correlates of behavior directed towards overcoming of the mentioned difficulties. This approach includes multicomponent behavioral program, recording o spikes in several units in parallel and analysis of unit activities in relative time scale, based on duration of each of the successively performed by the animal action. The nontraditional methods of the processing of spikes sequences are elaborated, such as relative time histograms and methods of the multivariate statistics. The realized on this principles analysis gives a full impression about neuronal activities uninterruptedly, during all stages of performance of the extended behavioral program. The described methods were approved in the experimental study of the functional characteristics of the striatal units in monkeys. The comparable data were obtained on the individual reactions of neurons and dynamics of their activities in group during the performance of behavior program. These data revealed lack of functional specialization of the striatal neurons and different forms of their involvement in the motor and cognitive functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Breast-preserving (conservative) therapy of breast cancer].

Conservative surgery (sectoral or segmental + axillary dissection) was performed in 278 patients with breast cancer (T1-2N0M0) at the Institute Clinic in 1990-1995. Following thorough morphological examination. 148 patients (53.2%) were selected to form a clinical study group for an investigation of the role of postoperative radiotherapy in the conservative treatment of breast cancer. Two groups-irradiation of the remaining breast tissue and controls-were formed on the basis of randomized data. Follow-up continued 3-60 months (average duration-37.7 months). Local recurrence was detected in 3 out of 73 (4.2%) patients of group I. A similar relapse was detected in 6 out of 75 (8.0%) patients of group II. No significant difference in total survival rates in the two groups was observed (97.3 and 96.0%; p > 0.05).

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[Preliminary results of the Russia (St.Petersburg)/WHO program for the evaluation of the effectiveness of breast self-examination].

Although an absolute difference of 10% (65,4 vs. 54,9%) in 5- and 9-year survival in breast cancer patients was recorded between the self-examination and control groups a large-scale randomized population-controlled study of 122,471 females has failed to provide significant differences (Log-rank - 0,774, p > 0.05). No significant decrease in mortality was observed in the self-examination group as compared with the untrained controls. As a result of providing more information to the population on risk factors. twice as many of the trained females consulted oncologists. Also, the number of early detection of breast tumor (T1-2NOMO) in both groups was 1,5-2,5 times that recorded elsewhere. Since 3,55 per 1,000 patients with breast tumors per year, aged 50-59, died of cardio-vascular disease, i.e. 3,1 times the expected 1,16 per 1,000, more attention should be focused on timely diagnosis and treatment of concomitant cardio-vascular pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Comprehensive radiographic diagnosis of breast cancer].

The echographic and mammographic features of diagnosis neoplasms of the breast were studied in 447 patients. Shows its potentialities in the diagnosis. Supplementing each other, each technique yield the maximum intermation.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

[Neuronal activity of the corpus striatum in monkeys during simultaneously performed actions].

The activities of several striatal units was recorded of parallel in behaving monkeys. The behavioral program includes the differentiation of the conditioned signals with the different levels of complicity. It was shown than the most typical in the relation of the spike activity of the striatal units to the behavior is not the selective involving of individual units into the performance of the certain actions. This activity reflects the animal's behavior as one whole in a way of formation of corresponding mosaics of units activity during the performance of certain elements of the program and in the intervals between them.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1994

Primary (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with primary radiotherapy alone in stage IIb-IIIa breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: A phase III randomized trial was activated to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy as compared to preoperative radiation therapy alone, in patients with breast cancer presenting with a clinical stage of IIb-IIIa (TNM classification). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1985 to 1990, 271 patients, aged 27-55 years, with stage IIb-IIIa breast cancer were randomized to receive either one or two courses of thiotepa 20 mg (i.m. injection) on the days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 (total dose per course 120 mg), methotrexate 40 mg/m2, i.v. on days 1 and 8, and 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2, i.v. on days 1 and 8 (TMF regimen) plus radiotherapy (Group I, 137 patients), or preoperative radiation therapy only (Group II, 134 patients). After the preoperative treatment all patients underwent mastectomy and complete axillary clearance, and then received 4-6 courses of TMF. The trial was conducted in a single institution (N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg). RESULTS: Histopathological assessment of the mastectomy specimens showed complete regression of the tumour in 29.1% of the patients in group I and in 19.4% of the patients e.c. in group II. The estimated 5-year overall survival percentages were 86.1% for group I, and 78.3% for group II (P > 0.05). 5-year disease-free survival percentages were 81.0% and 71.6%, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low number of the patients included in the trial, we were able to detect a significant improvement in treatment results with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy given prior to mastectomy over those of local therapy alone with radiation therapy followed by mastectomy, for average- and high-risk patients with operable breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The reflection of the internal and external behavioral determinants in the neuronal activity of the monkey neostriatum].

The neostriatum neurons were shown to take part in organization of monkey's response to regular situations with the decision-making performed on the basis of existing experience. Other neurons became active in irregular situations involving no previous experience. The latter neurons seem to take part in other form of behaviour organization associated with creation of a new form of response to a new situation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The role of breast self-examination in early breast cancer detection (results of the 5-years USSR/WHO randomized study in Leningrad).

A randomized population-based study has been carried out since 1985 in Leningrad in order to evaluate the efficacy of breast self-examination (BSE) in early breast cancer detection. The population under study covers 120,310 women aged 40-64 years with no history of breast cancer. About half of these women were exposed to BSE training (60,221) and 60,098 women constituted the control group. BSE teaching was carried out on a person-to-person basis and each patient received the BSE calendar. BSE education sessions resulted in a higher frequency of visits to specialists with complaints about "pathology" of the breast, a higher rate of referral to a specialized institution for an examination, and a higher number of excision biopsies due to a benign lesion (RR = 1.5; 95% C.I. = 1.1 - 1.9) as compared with the control group. As a result of examination, 190 breast cancer patients in the BSE group and 192 patients in the control group were detected. Comparisons of patients from both groups with regard to the size of primary tumor and the incidence of metastatic lesion in the regional lymph nodes showed no differences. The study is ongoing and all cases of breast cancer in the BSE group will be registered up to 1994 and followed-up to 1999; information will then be available on the impact of BSE upon breast cancer mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combined treatment of breast cancer].

The paper deals with results of complex treatment of 387 patients with stage III breast cancer assigned to either neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy or radiation alone. A study of immediate and end results showed combination of the two modalities to be more effective than each method alone in terms of degree of regression of primary tumor and, particularly, lymph node metastases and duration of recurrence-free period.

Adult↗