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Biomedical subjects

A A Orlov

Publications and source records attributed to A A Orlov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The role of breast self-examination in early breast cancer detection (results of the 5-years USSR/WHO randomized study in Leningrad).

A randomized population-based study has been carried out since 1985 in Leningrad in order to evaluate the efficacy of breast self-examination (BSE) in early breast cancer detection. The population under study covers 120,310 women aged 40-64 years with no history of breast cancer. About half of these women were exposed to BSE training (60,221) and 60,098 women constituted the control group. BSE teaching was carried out on a person-to-person basis and each patient received the BSE calendar. BSE education sessions resulted in a higher frequency of visits to specialists with complaints about "pathology" of the breast, a higher rate of referral to a specialized institution for an examination, and a higher number of excision biopsies due to a benign lesion (RR = 1.5; 95% C.I. = 1.1 - 1.9) as compared with the control group. As a result of examination, 190 breast cancer patients in the BSE group and 192 patients in the control group were detected. Comparisons of patients from both groups with regard to the size of primary tumor and the incidence of metastatic lesion in the regional lymph nodes showed no differences. The study is ongoing and all cases of breast cancer in the BSE group will be registered up to 1994 and followed-up to 1999; information will then be available on the impact of BSE upon breast cancer mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combined treatment of breast cancer].

The paper deals with results of complex treatment of 387 patients with stage III breast cancer assigned to either neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy or radiation alone. A study of immediate and end results showed combination of the two modalities to be more effective than each method alone in terms of degree of regression of primary tumor and, particularly, lymph node metastases and duration of recurrence-free period.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Galactography in the early detection of breast cancer].

Pathologic discharge from the breast occurred in 308 out of 5000 (6.1%) apparently healthy women. Ductography was carried out in 237 such cases. The procedure revealed ductal ectasia in 96 patients (40.5%), ductal papillomatosis--38 (16.0%), intraductal papilloma--15 (6.8%) and cysts--in 16 cases. Cancer was suspected in 22 (9.3%) patients and in 14 (63.6%) of them tumor was diagnosed following excisional biopsy. On the whole, cancer was detected in 5.9% of the examined cases. In 13 out of 14 (92.9%), ductal carcinomas were either minimal (dia less than or equal to 1 cm) or noninvasive.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparative characteristics of unit activity in the prefrontal and parietal areas during delayed performance in monkeys.

Neuronal mechanisms of prefrontal and parietal areas were compared in 3 monkeys during delayed performance. Spatioselective neurons were found in both areas in question. In the prefrontal cortex, they constitute 28% of all units sampled and in the parietal cortex they account for 21%. For the prefrontal area, spatial selectivity was particularly great during the delay (8%), and in the parietal area during the cue display (9%). During the delay, however, spatioselective parietal neurons accounted for 4% of all units sampled, i.e. their number was half that in the prefrontal area. The prefrontal cortex appears to play a major role in short-term memory proper, whereas the parietal area is more involved in assessing spatial relationships of emerging sensory stimuli. Spatioselective neurons of both areas were heterogeneous in their functions. Activity of some (11% in the prefrontal and 10% in the parietal area) was related only to the cue location. Activity of others (13% in the prefrontal cortex and 8% in the parietal cortex) was moreover coupled with the forthcoming movement. With lengthening of the delay, units related to the established temporal stereotype and some labile units which quickly rearranged to a new temporal task were recorded. Thus association area neurons reflect two concurrent processes linked with spatial and temporal memories. During cue displays, it is not only their spatial location that is described, but also a future motor act with its temporal and spatial properties programmed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Unit activity of the prefrontal cortex during delayed alternation performance in monkey.

Unit activity in the dorsolateral regions of the prefrontal cortex (s. principalis) of the monkey was analysed by multineuronal recording technique. The sequence during delayed-response alternation included anticipatory stimulus, non-specific expectancy, conditioned cue, delay, trigger stimulus and alternation performance. Food reward completed the sequence. Unit activity in s. principalis was found to be involved in such learning processes as integration of behavioural acts into an accomplished programme and storage of traces in short-term memory. The latter can be observed in successive involvement of neuronal populations during a 10 sec delay as well as in rearrangements of unit activity, the maximum of which shifts to the latest part of the delay period. Unit activity in s. principalis reflects the level of correct response, corresponding correlates of which depend on the level of attention. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has structural and functional characteristics for short-term storage of external signals in its neuronal nets according to the level of attention.

Animals↗