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Biomedical subjects

A A Orlov

Publications and source records attributed to A A Orlov.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Galactography in the early detection of breast cancer].

Pathologic discharge from the breast occurred in 308 out of 5000 (6.1%) apparently healthy women. Ductography was carried out in 237 such cases. The procedure revealed ductal ectasia in 96 patients (40.5%), ductal papillomatosis--38 (16.0%), intraductal papilloma--15 (6.8%) and cysts--in 16 cases. Cancer was suspected in 22 (9.3%) patients and in 14 (63.6%) of them tumor was diagnosed following excisional biopsy. On the whole, cancer was detected in 5.9% of the examined cases. In 13 out of 14 (92.9%), ductal carcinomas were either minimal (dia less than or equal to 1 cm) or noninvasive.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparative characteristics of unit activity in the prefrontal and parietal areas during delayed performance in monkeys.

Neuronal mechanisms of prefrontal and parietal areas were compared in 3 monkeys during delayed performance. Spatioselective neurons were found in both areas in question. In the prefrontal cortex, they constitute 28% of all units sampled and in the parietal cortex they account for 21%. For the prefrontal area, spatial selectivity was particularly great during the delay (8%), and in the parietal area during the cue display (9%). During the delay, however, spatioselective parietal neurons accounted for 4% of all units sampled, i.e. their number was half that in the prefrontal area. The prefrontal cortex appears to play a major role in short-term memory proper, whereas the parietal area is more involved in assessing spatial relationships of emerging sensory stimuli. Spatioselective neurons of both areas were heterogeneous in their functions. Activity of some (11% in the prefrontal and 10% in the parietal area) was related only to the cue location. Activity of others (13% in the prefrontal cortex and 8% in the parietal cortex) was moreover coupled with the forthcoming movement. With lengthening of the delay, units related to the established temporal stereotype and some labile units which quickly rearranged to a new temporal task were recorded. Thus association area neurons reflect two concurrent processes linked with spatial and temporal memories. During cue displays, it is not only their spatial location that is described, but also a future motor act with its temporal and spatial properties programmed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Experience and outlook for the work of the All-Union Center for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer].

The results of studies conducted by the Center's staff for early detection of breast cancer are discussed. About 5,000 females are examined at the Center yearly, with clinical, mammographic and thermographic procedures being used. During five screenings, breast cancer was detected in 56 cases (8.9%-by thermography alone, 16%-clinical examination, 26.8%-mammography alone and 48.2%-mammography plus clinical examination). "Minimal" breast cancer (less than 1 cm in dia.) was detected in 19 cases (33.9%). 76.5% of "minimal" cancers were detected with the aid of mammography.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Thermography in the combined diagnosis of minimal breast cancer].

A group including 65 patients with minimal form of breast cancer (less than 1 cm in dia) was used in a study on the scope of application of thermographic procedures for diagnosis. Correct preoperative diagnosis of cancer was established on the basis of thermographs in 40 out of 65 cases (61.5%), clinical data--53 out of 65 cases (81.5%) and mammographs--in 23 out of 39 cases (59.0%). Application of these diagnostic procedures yielded false negative predictions in 2 cases (5.1%) only. Thermographs showed minimal cancers of the breast chiefly as chaotic vascularization in 60%. The frequency of identification of pathologic alterations by means of thermography is determined by the size of tumor focus, presence of regional metastases and malignity of tumor process. Since thermography appeared to provide a sufficiently reliable means for identification of minimal cancers of the breast, this procedure should be recommended for use in mass screenings.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical aspects and treatment of "minimal" forms of breast cancer].

The data on 262 patients with minimal breast cancer (less than 1 cm in diameter) are presented. The long-term results of treatment of this group were good: 5- and 10-year survival rates were 91.2 and 79.5%, respectively. However, minimal breast cancer tended to produce regional (28.5%) and distant (10.3%) metastases. Organ-saving operation, viz. lumpectomy en bloc with axillary-subclavian adipose tissue was frequently (18.5%) followed by local and regional recurrence development. Adjuvant thiotepa therapy caused a 17.8% decrease in the frequency of recurrence and distant metastases development.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Minimal breast cancer. Clinical characteristics and treatment results.

Out of 3718 breast cancer patients treated at Petrov Research Institute of Oncology 262 patients [7%] proved to have minimal (less than 1 cm in diameter) form of breast cancer. Treatment of minimal breast cancer provides favorable end-results (5-year survival 91.2%, 10-year survival--79.5%). Nevertheless, minimal forms of breast cancer are also characterized by the ability to regional (in 28.5% of cases) and distant (in 10.3% of cases) metastatic spread. Organ preserving operations (sectoral resection of one block with axillary-subclavicular fat) are often (18.5%) followed by local-regional recurrences of the disease. Application of adjuvant chemotherapy with Thio-TEPA in patients with minimal breast cancer with regional metastases decreases frequency of recurrences and distant metastases by 17.8%.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Results of surgical treatment of the "minimal" forms of breast cancer].

Results of the surgical treatment of 262 patients with "minimum" (less than 1 cm) forms of breast cancer are analyzed. The incidence of local relapses and late metatases of the tumor following mastectomy after Patey did not exceed their incidence after the Halsted mastectomy (8.1% and 10,4% correspondingly). After an "extended" sectoral resection (a lateral excision) along with the axillary-subclavian fat local relapses were found to appear in 12,5% of patients, late metastases being noted in 25,0% of cases. When sectoral resections were fulfilled without an ablation of the axillary fat "regional relapses of carcinoma made their appearance in 21,0% of patients, late metastases---in 15,7% of patients. A conclusion is made that indications to organ-preserving operations must be restricted even in the "minimum" forms of carcinoma.

Breast↗
PubMed1980

[Certain characteristics of the neuronal activity of the frontal region of the cortex in wakeful monkeys].

Background unit activity of the frontal cortex (the middle s. principalis) and neuronal responses to stimuli of different biological significance were studied in vigil monkeys. In comparison with the motor cortex, the area in question has a lower level of the background impulse activity. Variations in the background activity level are associated with alterations of the experimental situation. Repeatedly presented sensory stimuli made it possible to differentiate between two types of neuronal reaction: response retention and habituation. The unit reaction type was found to depend on the stimuli connection with the motivation sphere of animals.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1980

Cortical mechanisms of goal-directed motor acts in the rhesus monkey.

Multineuronal activity from the frontal cortex (s. principalis) and the motor cortex (g. precentralis) in the Rhesus monkey during the goal-directed performance was recorded. The experimental sequence comprised a chain of signals securing adequate behavioral performance. The sequence began with an anticipatory signal, then the conditioned signal was switched on, a lamp in either the right or the left key, and after a 5-10 s delay, a trigger signal opening a screen followed. Then the monkey had to press the key indicated by light and grasp the food from a box. Differences in the average firing rate and in the patterns of response were observed by comparing the unit activity during the CS expectancy with the trigger signal expectancy (delay). A mathematical treatment of the unit firing pattern allowed us to select specific firing pattern rearrangements likely to be involved in the short-term memory mechanisms, i.e. intracortical reverberation and successive recruitment of neuronal populations. Unit activity of s. principalis in one hemisphere depended on the CS right vs. left location. Similar differences were found for the delays. During the delay, information about the CS spatial location is probably stored as short-term traces in the units of s. principalis. The frontal cortex unitary responses elicited by the trigger signal depended on the direction of the subsequent movement. The motor cortex units provided less pronounced differences in .response to the trigger. In contrast to the motor cortex units, some frontal cortex units reacted only to the presence of food reward.

Animals↗