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Biomedical subjects

A A Moss

Publications and source records attributed to A A Moss.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

In vitro investigation of gallstones with computed tomography.

An in vitro investigation of gallstones from 25 patients using computed tomography (CT) was performed). An abdominal phantom was constructed and filled with a matrix with an attenuation value equivalent to normal liver. A condom filled with water and positioned within the phantom simulated the gallbladder. Gallstones were placed in the condom and were scanned, radiographed, measured, and inspected. All gallstones were detectable by CT as filling defects within the condom having CT attenuation values higher or lower than water. Attenuation values ranged from +178 to -188 CT units (scale, +500 to -500). Gallstones containing calcium settled to the bottom of the condom, while calculi containing gas filled fissures rose to the top of the condom.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The combined use of computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the assessment of suspected pancreatic neoplasm: a blind clinical evaluation.

Sixty-one consecutive patients suspected of having pancreatic neoplasms had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and computed tomography (CT). The ERCP results were 62% accurate, 8% false negative, and 3% failure. The overall accuracy in cases of successful pancreatic duct cannulation was 88%. The results of CT were 76% correct, 5% false positive, 13% false negative, and 6% indeterminate. Excluding ERCP failure, the CT-ERCP diagnosis was identical in 67%. When findings were identical, the accuracy rate was 93%, high than that of either study alone. The ERCP-CT examinations were often complementary and generally led to a more accurate and specific diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomographic evaluation of the dilated pancreatic duct: the value of thin-section collimation.

Three patients with surgically proved pancreatic carcinoma and one with chronic and acute pancreatitis were evaluated by computed tomography. Scans through the pancreatic region were initially performed with standard 10-mm collimation and then repeated using thin-section (5-mm) collimation. In all cases a pathologically dilated pancreatic duct was either not seen or faint with 10-mm collimation, whereas it was clearly identified using the thin-section collimator.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomography of the spleen.

Computed tomography (CT) has proved to be valuable in the diagnosis of a wide variety of congenital, inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic lesions of the spleen, in addition to identifying certain normal variants which may present problems. A comprehensive review of the CT characteristics of splenic lesions and variants is provided, and CT is compared with other imaging modalities, principally radionuclide imaging.

Cysts↗
PubMed1980

Difference between liver and spleen CT numbers in the normal adult: its usefulness in predicting the presence of diffuse liver disease.

A constant relationship was found between the mean CT numbers of the liver and spleen in 100 normal adults. This relationship was characterized by a mean CT number consistently higher for the liver (24.9 +/- 4.6) than for the spleen (21.1 +/- 4.1). The range for liver CT numbers was 16.7-37.2, and for the spleen it was 14.9-34.3. The mean liver-spleen CT number difference for all subjects was 3.8 +/- 2.1 (p < 0.001); in every instance, the livers exhibiting the high mean CT numbers were in subjects with high mean spleen CT numbers, with the same concordance for low mean CT numbers. This relationship between liver and spleen may be useful in the clinical setting in which a normal liver with low CT numbers must be differentiated from one in which the CT number is low because of fatty infiltration; the fatty liver will exhibit a lower mean CT number than the spleen.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Computed tomography of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate 16 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. CT identified and localized the tumor in 15 cases, an overall detection rate of 94%. The technique of dynamic CT scanning (rapid sequential scans after intravenous bolus of contrast medium), used in several cases, proved useful for determining patency of the portal vein and inferior vena cava and for demonstrating arteriovenous shunting due to tumor. CT detected some tumors missed by radionuclide scanning and arteriography. An approach to the diagnostic workup of patients with known or suspected hepatoma is presented, with a discussion of the roles of ultrasonography, radionuclide scanning, and arteriography.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

CT of radiation-induced hepatic injury.

The CT findings in three patients with radiation-induced hepatic injury are discussed. In each patient a sharply defined band of low density was identified within the liver in an area of prior radiation. The low density bands resolved on follow-up examination. Computed tomography is useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with suspected radiation hepatitis and in differentiating radiation change from metastatic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The postoperative stomach: a comparative study of double-contrast barium examinations and endoscopy.

The results of double-contrast examinations of Billroth I and Billroth II anastomoses were compared to endoscopic results in 37 patients. Radiographic and endoscopic correlation was present in 32 of the 37 patients (86%). All 22 cases with enlarged perianastomotic folds on the double-contrast examination had endoscopic confirmation. The double-contrast examination provides excellent visualization of the Billroth I and Billroth II anastomosis and adjacent mucosal detail. We advocate its use as the routine examination of the postoperative stomach.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1979

In vitro investigation of gallstone shadowing with ultrasound tomography.

A phantom was constructed to simulate the in vivo situation of gallstone detection. Gallstone specimens from 37 patients were scanned. All gallstones cast acoustic shadows, regardles of the specific properties of the stones. Experimental evidence concerning factors that affect the detection of acoustic shadows from gallstones is discussed.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1979

Kinetics of drug-drug interactions: biliary excretion of iodoxamic acid and iopanoic acid in rhesus monkeys.

The dynamic method originally developed for studying the capacity-limited kinetics of the cholecystographic agents iodoxamic acid and iopanoic acid was applied to study the in vivo interactions of these two compounds following coadminstration in the monkey. Results indicate that these interactions are complex. The compounds appear to compete for plasma protein binding sites as well as for binding sites on intrahepatic proteins. The biliary excretion data apparently fit the "ligand exclusion" model in which iopanoic acid acts as an inhibitor and competes with iodoxamic acid for binding to either of two identical sites within the liver. This competition probably is the rate-limiting step in the liver's overall elimination of these radiographic contrast agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A double-blind study of radiologic accuracy in diverticulitis, diverticulosis, and carcinoma of the sigmoid colon.

A review of the barium enema studies in 73 patients with diverticular disease of the colon and with and without associated neoplasm leads to the conclusion that the correct radiologic recognition of an associated neoplasm in a colon with diverticulitis or diverticulosis can be made only about half the time. The limitations of the radiographic method and radiologic findings in distinguishing diverticulitis from carcinoma should be more clearly recognized by the clinician.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Keeping up-to-date: some current surgical and radiologic procedures.

Surgical advances often call for close radiologic scrutiny to assess their success or complications. At the same time, diagnostic radiology is also constantly developing new approaches. It is for this reason that we describe the radiographic analysis of several current surgical and radiological procedures which should be of interest to the practicing clinician. The current surgical procedures considered are gastric bypass for morbid obesity and continent ileostomy. The current new radiologic procedures include techniques for performing small bowel enema, per-oral ileal and colonic examinations with retrograde air insufflation, and improved evaluation of the postantrectomy stomach using double-contrast techniques.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1979

The relation of liver fat to computed tomography numbers: a preliminary experimental study in rabbits.

The relation of liver fat content to CT number was studied in 20 rabbits (17 experimental, 3 control), where fatty degeneration was produced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) ingestion. Liver scanning was performed before and 2--5 days after CCl4 administration.. Changes (decrease) in CT number were compared with triglyceride (TG), water, and protein content of resected livers. A decrease of 12--20 CT numbers (24--40 H) reflected a TG concentration of 20--40 mg/g.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The radiographic appearance of complications following Nissen fundoplication.

Seventy patients had an upper gastrointestinal examination following Nissen fundoplication for reflux esophagitis associated with hiatal hernia. Thirty-nine were asymptomatic and the fundoplication appeared normal. Of the 31 patients with symptoms (dysphagia, pain, or vomiting), 15 had spontaneous relief and demonstrated a normal postsurgical radiographic appearance of the stomach. The other 16 had both persistent symptoms and radiographic abnormalities, including 5 stenoses, 3 recurrent hernias, and 8 pouch deformities of the fundus. The roentgenographic features and etiology of these surgical failures are discussed and the importance of the radiographic examination in discerning successful surgical repair from failure despite similar postsurgical symptoms is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography of focal hepatic lesions: a blind clinical evaluation of the effect of contrast enhancement.

Hepatic CT scans in 61 consecutive patients with proved liver metastasis performed both before and after administration of contrast medium were subjected to blind analysis by two observers. In 10 patients (16%) hepatic lesions were better defined before CE and focal hepatic lesions were diagnostically visible only before CE in 8 patients (13%). Lesions were better defined following CE in 16 patients (26%) but in only 2 cases (3%) were lesions diagnostically visible only after CE. The majority of lesions [35 (58%)] were equally well visualized before and after CE.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of adrenal disease.

A series of 63 patients with suspected adrenal disease was evaluated by computed tomography (CT). In 15 additional patients CT diagnosed unsuspected adrenal disease. The CT results were correlated with surgical, postmortem, or compelling clinical data. In those patients with adequate visualization of both adrenals, CT correctly identified all adrenal masses subsequently proven at surgery or postmortem examination. CT accurately predicted the presence or absence of a unilateral adrenal neoplasm in patients with Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism. Unsuspected primary or metastatic neoplasms of the adrenals were occasionally detected in patients scanned for other reasons. CT is a safe and accurate method of evaluating patients with suspected adrenal disease.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗