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Biomedical subjects

A A Moss

Publications and source records attributed to A A Moss.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of the liver in rhesus monkeys following losefamate meglumine administration.

Iosefamate meglumine was evaluated for potential use as a contrast agent for hepatic computed tomography (CT) in rhesus monkeys. Iosefamate meglumine in doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg I/kg was injected into four rhesus monkeys and hepatic CT attenuation values, blood iodine levels, serum enzyme levels, and hepatic histology were monitored. The hepatic CT number increased by 19 to 30 HU following a 150 mg I/kg dose and remained elevated for 15 to 45 minutes. Peak blood iodine values occurred 2 minutes postinjection but fell rapidly to less than 40% of the peak value by 45 minutes and less than 20% of peak by 4 hours. Transient elevations in serum enzyme levels were found but no histologic abnormalities were detected. Iosefamate meglumine is a potentially valuable hepatic CT contrast agent, as it produces a significant, prolonged increase in hepatic attenuation values and selectively opacifies functioning hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Detection and staging of primary rectal and rectosigmoid cancer by computed tomography.

Thirty-nine patients were examined by computed tomography (CT) prior to resection of primary rectal [23] or rectosigmoid carcinoma [16]. There were 3 patients in Stage II [thickened bowel (greater than 0.5 cm) alone], 12 in Stage IIIa (thickened bowel wall and invasion of adjacent tissue, muscles, or organs, but no extension to the pelvic side walls), 18 in Stage IIIb (extension to the pelvic side walls), 6 in Stage IV (pelvic tumor and distant metastases), and none in Stage I (intraluminal mass without wall thickening). CT detected all 39 rectal or rectosigmoid tumors (sensitivity = 100%) and had an overall staging accuracy of 92%. These results show that CT is useful and accurate in detecting and staging primary rectal and rectosigmoid tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cystic hepatic neoplasms: complementary roles of CT and sonography.

Nine patients with cystic or necrotic hepatic neoplasms had findings on computed tomography (CT) that strongly suggested benign cystic disease of the liver. Sonography depicted the true morphology of these cystic lesions more clearly than CT, and the sonographic findings virtually excluded uncomplicated hepatic cyst as a diagnosis. Important observations were wall thickness, mural nodules, septations, and fluid-fluid levels. The potential danger in over reliance on CT attenuation values and the complementary role of sonography and CT in such cases are stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Gastroesophageal region: source of confusion on CT.

Prominent soft-tissue density is often seen in the region of the gastroesophageal junction on CT scans of the upper abdomen. This was seen retrospectively in 38% of randomly selected patients when scans were obtained at 1-2 cm intervals and in 33% of patients evaluated prospectively with scans obtained at 1 cm intervals. The possible source of confusion of the normal but prominent-appearing gastroesophageal junction with a pathological mass and the normal anatomic relationships as seen during computed tomography are discussed.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1981

CT in carcinoma of the larynx and pyriform sinus: value of phonation scans.

The structural and functional information obtained from CT performed during quiet breathing and phonation of the letter E was investigated in 25 patients with carcinoma of the larynx or pyriform sinus. Significant additional information was obtained from the phonation scans in all patients. In 16 patients, vocal cord dysfunction was found on the phonation scans. In 14 patients, phonation CT demonstrated an abnormal aryepiglottic fold better than CT during quiet breathing. A pyriform sinus was distorted or displaced in 11 patients and CT during phonation was more accurate than laryngoscopy or CT during quiet breathing in detecting abnormalities deep to this region. CT scans were the most accurate method of detecting tumor extension into the subglottic space, and into the preepiglottic space; each extension was seen in seven patients. Thyroid cartilage destruction was detected only by CT in six patients. CT scans during phonation should be an integral part of laryngeal CT and in conjunction with laryngoscopy could possibly replace laryngography for the evaluation of patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

Arytenoid Cartilage↗
PubMed1981

Esophageal carcinoma: pretherapy staging by computed tomography.

Fifty-two patients with proven esophageal malignancy underwent esophagography, computed tomography (CT). esophagoscopy, and/or surgical exploration and resection. On the basis of CT findings, esophageal carcinoma was classified into four stages: stage I, intraluminal mass without esophageal wall thickening; stage II, esophageal wall thickening (greater than 5 mm); stage III, esophageal wall thickening and contiguous spread of tumor into adjacent mediastinal structures such as the trachea, bronchi, aorta, or atrium; and stage IV, any stage with evidence of distant metastatic disease. The stage of esophageal malignancy as determined by CT was correlated with symptoms, location of tumor, esophagography, and surgical findings. Results indicated that CT staging of esophageal carcinoma correlated closely with surgical findings and that local extension, regional adenopathy, and size of tumor mass were better evaluated by computed tomography than by other methods. CT is an accurate method of preoperatively staging esophageal carcinoma, capable of providing staging information heretofore only available by surgical exploration.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Gastric adenocarcinoma: a comparison of the accuracy and economics of staging by computed tomography and surgery.

We studied a series of 22 patient with proven gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent upper gastrointestinal radiography, computed tomography, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and/or surgical exploration and resection. Based on the computed tomographic findings, gastric carcinoma was classified into one of four stages: stage 1, intraluminal masses without gastric wall thickening; stage 2, gastric wall thickening (> 1 cm) and exophytic masses; stage 3, gastric wall thickening and contiguous spread of tumor into adjacent organs such as the pancreas, spleen, liver, transverse mesocolon, or esophagus; and stage 4, gastric wall thickening with distant metastatic disease. The stage of gastric malignancy as determined by computed tomography was correlated with presenting symptoms, location of tumor, upper GI findings, endoscopy, and findings of surgical exploration. The cost and estimated initial saving realized by performing routine preoperative gastric computed tomographic examinations were analyzed. Our results indicated that computed tomographic staging of gastrointestinal malignancy correlated closely with surgical findings and compared with other modalities, local extension, regional adenopathy, and the size of the tumor mass were better evaluated by computed tomography. Computed tomographic staging of gastric tumors cost $7150 and resulted in an estimated initial savings of $35,000-$56,000. The results of this study indicated that computed tomography is an accurate, cost effective method of preoperatively staging gastric carcinoma, capable of providing staging information heretofore only available by surgical exploration.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Use of computed tomography in diagnosing the cause of primary aldosteronism.

We performed computed tomography (CT) in 22 consecutive patients with primary aldosteronism to evaluate the usefulness of this technique in diagnosing and locating aldosterone-producing adenomas. Sixteen patients had severe hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism, and elevated plasma levels of 18-hydroxycorticosterone suggestive of an adenoma. In 12 of these 16, a unilateral adrenal mass was demonstrated clearly, and in all 11 who had surgery in adenoma was confirmed. In the other four patients in this group, one adrenal gland was normal and the other was either not seen adequately or had minor abnormalities that could not be definitely classified; an adenoma was found in the poorly visualized gland in each of the two patients who had surgery. The remaining six patients, who had milder biochemical abnormalities suggestive of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, had bilateral adrenal enlargement or normal-appearing glands on scan and were not surgically explored. We conclude that CT scans, together with appropriate biochemical measurements, are useful in diagnosing and locating aldosterone-producing adenomas.

18-Hydroxycorticosterone↗
PubMed1980

Diagnosis of intra-abdominal and pelvic abscesses by computerized tomography.

Review of the medical records and x-ray films of 110 patients with the diagnosis "rule out abscess" showed that computerized tomography (CT) was able to correctly identify and localize a lesion in 78/79 patients. In five patients an uninfected mass was found by CT. Of 32 patients in whom no abscess was shown, only one had an abscess requiring drainage. Computerized tomography was particularly helpful in the postoperative patients in whom ultrasound examinations are difficult to perform. In many patients aspiration or drainage procedures were done at the time of examination, thus allowing us to reach immediately a final diagnosis. Based on this experience, we concluded that CT is an accurate, fast, and cost-effective examination for the diagnosis of abscesses.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Intestinal pseudotumors: a problem in abdominal computed tomography solved by directed techniques.

Differentiation of normal bowel loops from pathologic process by computed tomography is often difficult. Techniques are described for opacification of bowel loops via oral, rectal, and colostomy administration of contrast material. Examples of abdominal and pelvic pseudotumors which were proven not to be pathologic lesions are presented. By following simple techniques of bowel marking, one can avoid false positive diagnoses.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Role of computed tomography in patients with "sciatica".

The computed tomography (CT) findings in 10 patients who presented with lumbosacral radicular symptoms are reported. The CT scans were performed after the more commonly used radiologic studies, including plain films and myelography, had failed to completely define the nature or extent of the underlying disease process. The final diagnoses were metastatic neoplasm to the spine and soft tissue in six cases, primary neoplasm of the sacrum or soft tissue in three cases, and tuberculous osteomyelitis and abscess in one case. The limitations and potential complications of the various radiologic examinations are discussed, and the potential value of CT in selected patients with lumbosacral neuropathy is presented.

Adult↗