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Biomedical subjects

A A Moss

Publications and source records attributed to A A Moss.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Coronal and sagittal reconstructions using a 4.8 second CT body scanner: developments and applications.

A computer program was developed which enables CT scans obtained on the General Electric body scanner to be reconstructed in coronal and sagittal planes. The program may be installed in minutes and requires no additional hardware. Multiplanar reconstructions can be produced within a few minutes, using the data available from a standard series of scans. No overlapping slices or other special techniques are needed. Large areas (e.g., the entire chest or abdomen) can be reconstructed and each plane of interest separately displayed. Resolution can approximate that available in transverse scans, and the patient receives no additional radiation exposure. Multiplanar reconstruction has proven very useful in a variety of clinical situations.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Duodenal involvement with Crohn's disease: a spectrum of radiographic abnormality.

The clinical and radiographic features of 22 cases of duodenal Crohn's disease were analyzed. The presenting clinical findings in the majority suggested peptic disease rather than regional enteritis. There was no cases of isolated duodenal Crohn's disease but a spectrum of radiographic abnormalities was produced by duodenal involvement with Crohn's disease which simulated a variety of clinical entities. A radiographic examination of the small bowel or colon was useful to confirm a diagnosis of Crohn's disease when duodenal abnormalities were suggestive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Giant duodenal ulcers.

Twenty-six giant duodenal ulcers, all correctly diagnosed prior to endoscopy, are presented. The concept of the ulcer/bulb ratio (ratio of longest diameter of the ulcer to that of the total bulb including the ulcer) is introduced. In all cases this ratio was 0.8 or greater; in 18 cases (69%) the ulcer completely replaced the duodenal bulb. An 'ulcer within an ulcer' appearance, representing a small area of deeper ulceration within the giant ulcer, was noted in 8 (31%). Half of the patients have remained symptom-free on medical therapy alone. Only two patients in our series (8%) died of complications of giant duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetics of iodoxamic acid in rhesus monkey: biliary excretion, plasma protein binding, and enterophepatic circulation.

The previously reported steady-state method allowed estimation of the capacity-limited pharmacokinetics of the cholangiographic agent, iodipamide. To circumvent the long time period required to establish each steady-state level, a dynamic method was applied to the study of the rate processes involved in the hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of a new cholangiographic agent, iodoxamic acid, in rhesus monkeys. The dynamic method has the advantage that the pharmacokinetic parameters involved in capacity-limited hepatic uptake or biliary excretion can be obtained from a single infusion experiment. The V max was 1.03 +/- 0.25 mumoles/kg/min (mean +/- SD); Km varied from animal to animal and ranged from 1.5 to 16.4 micrometer. Protein binding was estimated using equilibrium dialysis. The Freundlich isotherm yielded a linear plot when the natural logarithm of unbound iodoxamic acid concentration in plasma was plotted against the natural logarithm of its blood concentration. The plasma protein binding data also could be fitted to the Langmuir isotherm, presuming two independent classes of binding.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effect of gastrografin and glucagon on CT scanning of the pancreas: a blind clinical trial.

The effect of Gastrografin and glucagon on pancreatic CT scanning was studied in a blind clinical trial. Twenty-five patients had a pancreatic CT scan performed on an 18-second scanner and a repeat pancreatic CT scan following administration of Gastrografin and glucagon. The results were statistically significant: decreased streak artifacts; improved pancreatic head, body and tail delineation; and improved overall pancreatic visualization. Gastrografin-glucagon administration is recommended prior to pancreatic CT scanning if the scanning cycle is 18 seconds or longer.

Diatrizoate↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomographic angiography of the body.

Large and medium-sized blood vessels can be identified on extracranial computed tomographic (CT) scans when a combination of infusion and bolus injection of conventional contrast material is administered. The cases illustrated in this report show that CT angiography can sometimes offer clinically useful information not present on CT scans obtained without contrast injection.

Angiography↗
PubMed1978

Radiologic evaluation of the continent (Kock) ileostomy.

The continent ileostomy is a solution to the persistent difficulties of leakage, odor, and skin irritation produced by the conventional permanent ileostomy in patients who have had proctocolectomy. Patients with continent ileostomy do not use ileostomy appliances, have complete fecal continence, and need empty the ileal reservoir only 2 to 4 times a day. Radiographic examination is often of great value in assessing patients with continent ileostomy. Radiographic features of the normal continent ileostomy and complications of continent ileostomy are discussed with regard to plain film and contrast examinations.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography of subcapsular splenic hematoma. Clinical and experimental studies.

Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 3 patients and 2 dogs with subcapsular hematoma of the spleen. When fresh blood is in the subcapsular space, the hematoma may have the same attentuation value as the adjacent spleen, making it difficult to identify unless contrast material is injected. As the hematoma ages, the attenuation value decreases. CT appears to be a simple and accurate method of diagnosing a subcapsular splenic hematoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomographic evaluation of disorders affecting the alimentary tract.

The use of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing disorders affecting the hollow viscera of the alimentary tract has received little attention. The authors reviewed CT scans of 43 patients on which lesions affecting the gastrointestinal tract were demonstrated. All cases were correlated with barium-enema examinations, surgical reports, or autopsy findings. CT can provide valuable information on the extraluminal extent of masses arising in the bowel, mesenteric masses, and can define and characterize extrinsic lesions. The authors's results suggest that CT is a useful adjunct in evaluating intramural or mesenteric lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Capability of CT body scanning and ultrasonography to demonstrate the status of the biliary ductal system in patients with jaundice.

The capability of ultrasonography and computed tomographic body scanning to demonstrate the status of the biliary tract was studied prospectively in 23 jaundiced patients. Ultrasonography correctly indicated the presence or absence of obstruction in 21 of the 23 patients and CT scanning in 20. Both procedures correctly demonstrated no evidence of ductal dilatation in the five patients who had nonobstructive jaundice. Retrospective study of the same material increased the accuracy of CT scanning (22 of 23 patients) because of recognition of common bile duct dilatation in the absence of intrahepatic duct dilatation. The accuracy of ultrasonography was unchanged.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography of the normal adrenal glands.

CT body scans of 60 random patients without evidence of adrenal disease were reviewed to determine the location, size, and shape of both normal adrenal glands. Both glands were clearly delineated in 78% of the patients evaluated. The length, width, and thickness of adrenal glands as measured by computed tomography were similar to comparable measurements from surgical and autopsy studies.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1978

Double-blind study of single and double contrast upper gastrointestinal examinations using endoscopy as a control.

A total of 100 patients were examined by both single and double contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography. The radiographs were coded, interpreted blindly by two gastrointestinal radiologists, and the accuracy of each examination was determined using endoscopy as the standard. The interpretation error rate for each type of examination alone was almost identical. Interpretations based on a combination of both studies significantly reduced both the false positive and negative errors and strongly suggests a complementary role for the two methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Radiologic and clinical assessment of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in Crohn's disease.

Continuous treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics resulted in symptomatic improvement in 41 of 44 patients (93%) with Crohn's disease who were treated for 6 months or longer. Radiographic follow-up demonstrated evidence of improvement in 20 of 35 patients (57%) for whom posttherapy radiographs were available. Radiography demonstrated resolution of ulcerations, abdominal masses, stenosis, and in some patients restoration of a normal intestinal mucosal pattern. In some patients these changes occurred within weeks; in others, over a period of years. Patients with perianal fistulas and patients who had previously undergone surgery and had recurrence of their disease prior to treatment with antibiotics accounted for the therapy failures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Iodipamide kinetics: capacity-limited biliary excretion with simultaneous pseudo-first-order renal excretion.

Iodipamide was infused into three dogs with bile fistulas to achieve various steady-state blood levels. When using ultracentrifugation techniques, iodipamide was found to be highly bound to plasma protein. The total blood clearance was low relative to hepatic blood flow. For either the whole blood concentration or the unbound concentration of iodipamide, the biliary excretion was shown to be capacity limited with a transport maximum, Tm, of approximately 1.0mumole/kg/min. The steady-state renal excretion rate, plotted against the whole blood concentration of iodipamide, resulted in a concave ascending curve, which could lead to the false conclusion that iodipamide was undergoing active renal tubular reabsorption. However, when corrected for plasma protein binding, a linear relationship was obtained, suggesting that the renal excretion of iodipamide is a pseudo-first-order process. The Michaelis-Menten parameters for the extrarenal elimination, when calculated using the whole blood concentration of iodipamide, led to a similar discrepancy compared to the parameter estimates obtained from biliary excretion rate data. This discrepancy can be eliminated when one uses the unbound concentration of iodipamide in the parameter estimates.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Occult malignant tumors in dermatologic disease. The futility of radiological search.

Analysis of 102 patients with dermatomyositis, polymyositis, bullous pemphigoid, and dermatitis herpetiformis was undertaken to determine: (a) the incidence of occult malignant tumors in these diseases, and (b) the value of radiological screening to detect unsuspected malignant neoplasms. The incidence of internal malignant disease was no higher than that encountered in a control population. Radiological screening procedures routinely performed for patients with these disorders failed to disclose any occult neoplasms. A radiological tumor search has no place in the evaluation of these patients unless specific clinical findings suggest carcinoma in a particular organ system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Double-blind comparison of iodipamide and lodoxamate using direct and drip infusion intravenous cholangiography.

Biliary tract opacification was assessed in a double-blind clinical study that compared iodoxamate with iodipamide. Both drip infusion and direct (bolus) intravenous cholangiography were used to administer the contrast agents. The infusion method with either agent produced better opacification than bolus administration. Regardless of method used, iodoxamate produced greater biliary tract opacification, fewer unexplained failures, and fewer contrast reactions. Neither agent was successful in patients with elevated bilirubin levels, nor did either agent alter hepatic, renal, or hematologic function.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

The portal venous tree simulating dilated biliary ducts on computed tomography of the liver.

Intrahepatic portal veins may be identified on routine computed tomography (CT) of the liver. These venous structures appear as linear and branching, low-density regions in the liver which appear to converge at the porta hepatis. Intrahepatic portal veins may simulate the appearance of dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. Venous structures may be distinguished from dilated bile ducts by their obliteration following intravenous infusion of urographic contrast agents. CT numbers of portal veins tend to be somewhat higher than those of dilated bile ducts, but enough overlap of values exists to make reliance upon these numbers in an individual case suspect.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗