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Biomedical subjects

A A Moss

Publications and source records attributed to A A Moss.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Computed tomographic detection of retroperitoneal adenopathy.

This prospective study of 50 patients was designed to evaluate the effect of computed tomographic section spacing on the detection of retroperitoneal adenopathy. Contiguous 1-cm-thick sections were obtained in all patients and compared with scans obtained at 2-cm intervals in these same patients. In 45 of the 50 patients, there was agreement between the two sets of scans; in only two of the 50 cases were there major disagreements. These results suggest that scans obtained at 2-cm intervals are nearly as accurate as contiguous scans at 1-cm intervals in the detection of retroperitoneal adenopathy.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

A clinical trial of oral cholecystography using combinations of contrast agents and two consecutive doses.

Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent a randomized trial of oral cholecystography (OCG) using 5 different combinations of contrast agents given as 2 consecutive doses: Telepaque (iopanoic acid) given with food (TF) or without food (T), Bilopaque (sodium tyropanoate) given without food, and a combination of both agents (TF-B). The density of gallbladder opacification was judged visually on a scale of 1+ to 4+ and quantitatively by a densitometric method. Comparison of gallbladder opacification on the first and second days of the study revealed 52 of 75 (70%) combinations (TF-T, TF-TF,T-T, TF-B, B-B) resulted in improved opacification, 17% in equal opacification, and 13% in worse opacification on day 2. The TF-B combination showed the highest number (9) of excellent (grade 4+) results and the lowest number (2) of poor (grade 1+ and 2+) results, gave the best opacification in 8 volunteers, and had the highest average density difference (0.32) between first- and second-day opacifications. The TF-TF combination was the next most effective, and the T-T combination was the least effective. The results indicate that OCG in 2 consecutive doses is superior to single-dose OCG, and that a combination of TF-B or TF-TF will provide the greatest gallbladder opacification. The TF-B combination is recommended because of better patient tolerance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

CT evaluation of complications of abdominal aortic surgery.

The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the CT findings in 29 consecutive patients being studied to detect complications of aortofemoral bypass surgery. Presenting symptoms included fever in 22 (76%), gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 (7%), a pulsating mass in 3 (10%), jaundice in 1 (3%), and back pain in 1 (3%). The complications observed most frequently were groin infection in 7 (24%), abdominal perigraft abscess in 11 (38%), pseudoaneurysm in 6 (21%), aortoenteric fistula in 3 (10%), and lymphocystic hematoma in 3 (10%). There were no false negatives, and the overall accuracy and sensitivity of CT in detecting complications was 100%. The authors recommend that CT be performed prior to angiography or surgery whenever an abscess, pseudoaneurysm, or aorto-enteric fistula is suspected.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas.

Ten cases of cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas were examined by computed tomography (CT). All but one showed characteristic findings consisting of both cystic and solid components. Innumerable small cysts producing a honeycomb appearance were noticed in serous cystadenomas. A well-defined multilocular cystic mass containing thin, straight, and/or curvilinear septa or a unilocular cystic tumor with a papillary projection and locally thickened wall was present in mucinous cystadenomas. The CT findings in cystadenocarcinomas varied depending on the relative size of the cystic and solid portions and the grade of malignancy. CT was useful in detecting and diagnosing cystic neoplasms of the pancreas and differentiating benign serous cystadenomas from potentially malignant cystadenomas in typical cases. However, aspiration biopsy is recommended when findings are equivocal.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

CT diagnosis of mediastinal thyroid.

Computed tomography (CT) is capable of specifically diagnosing mediastinal thyroid as the cause of a mediastinal mass. Five representative cases illustrate characteristic features of substernal thyroid. These include: (1) anatomic continuity with the cervical thyroid; (2) focal calcifications; (3) relatively high CT number; (4) rise in CT number after bolus administration of iodinated urographic contrast material; and (5) prolonged enhancement after contrast administration. While not all of these features are present in each case, a combination of these should permit accurate diagnosis in most cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Dynamic CT of hepatic masses with intravenous and intraarterial contrast material.

Seven patients with primary and metastatic hepatic tumors had dynamic computed tomographic scans obtained after an intravenous and an intrahepatic arterial bolus of contrast media. Four patients had hepatoma and three had hepatic metastasis from either a colonic, pancreatic, or leiomyosarcoma primary malignancy. Computed tomography was also performed after an intravenous drip infusion of contrast material. Time-density curves of the hepatic lesions after contrast administration were analyzed and compared. The results demonstrated that: (1) intrahepatic arterial delivery of contrast fluid resulted in the greatest contrast enhancement of lesions and detected more lesions than the intravenous bolus technique, which was superior to the drip infusion technique; (2) no consistent difference in the pattern of contrast enhancement was found between various hepatic lesions; (3) within multiple lesions of similar pathology in any one liver, a spectrum of contrast enhancement pattern was found; and (4) changes in contrast enhancement occurred rapidly and lesions changed from hypodense to isodense to hyperdense to isodense within 30--45 sec.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of gastric lymphoma.

The CT features in 12 patients with gastric lymphoma, four primary and eight secondary, were analyzed, correlated with other diagnostic studies, surgery, and pathologic features, and compared with the CT findings in 22 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. An abnormally thickened gastric wall (mean, 4.0 cm) was found in all patients with gastric lymphoma. Lymphomas of the stomach often involved more than one region of the stomach (83%). The contour of the outer gastric wall was smooth or lobulated in 42%, perigastric lymph adenopathy was common (58%), extension into adjacent organs was found in 42%, and 42% had lymphadenopathy at or below the renal pedicle.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography in the staging of gastrointestinal carcinoma.

In all areas of the gastrointestinal tract studied to date, CT can detect gastrointestinal neoplasia and accurately delineate both the local and distant extent of disease. Computed tomography can stage both primary and recurrent gastrointestinal neoplasms more accurately than any other method short of surgical exploration. In many cases, CT staging of a gastrointestinal neoplasm has lessened the need for exploratory surgery, reduced hospital stay, and permitted appropriate chemotherapy or radiation therapy to be instituted promptly and effectively. As more experience with CT in staging gastrointestinal neoplasms is accumulated, the value of CT will become more widely acknowledged.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Abscess formation in recurrent liposarcomas of the abdomen and retroperitoneum: relevance to treatment.

Stimulated by the unexpected finding of gross abscesses in two cases of abdominal liposarcoma, we initiated a retrospective study to determine the incidence of this finding. Sixteen patients were analyzed, and correlations were made between histologic features and clinical course. Microscopic or macroscopic evidence of abscess was present in four cases. There appears to be an association between tumor necrosis or abscess and tumors with prognostically poor histology (e.g., pleomorphic tumors). Clinicians who treat patients with these tumors should be aware of the substantial risk of abscess and modify their therapy accordingly.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Determination of liver, kidney, and spleen volumes by computed tomography: an experimental study in dogs.

The volume of the dog's liver, kidneys, and spleen were measured by computed tomography (CT) and a water displacement method. Organ volume determination by CT is a rapid, simple procedure that is accurate to +/- 5% of the organ volume measured by water displacement. Individual measurements were reproducible to within +/- 3%. Determination of organ volume has potential importance in a variety of clinical situations.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Volumetric CT analysis of hepatic tumors.

Current methods of measuring hepatic volume and the percent of hepatic parenchyma replaced by tumor are crude, yet clinical decisions are often based on these imprecise measurements. We describe a new computed tomographic (CT) assisted volume calculatory program to accurately assess hepatic volume and a new computer program to discriminate tumor from normal liver and thus provide tumor volume measurements. The potential usefulness of these techniques is illustrated by an analysis of pre- and post-therapy CT scans and calculation of changes in hepatic volume and in the volume of hepatic tumor. Analysis revealed small changes in liver volume could be accompanied by substantial changes in tumor volume and vice versa. We conclude (a) quantitative CT techniques allow for rapid, reproducible measurements of liver and tumor volume, and (b) small changes in organ volume may be accompanied by substantial changes in tumor volume.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Value of computed tomography in the detection and staging of recurrent rectal carcinomas.

We studied a series of 39 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) of the pelvis and abdomen following surgery for adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Based on the CT findings, recurrent rectal carcinoma was classified into one of four stages: Stage I, intraluminal mass without colon wall thickening; Stage II, colon wall thickening (greater than 1 cm) without invasion of adjacent structures; Stage IIIA, thickening of the colon wall with direct invasion of adjacent organs but not the pelvic sidewalls; Stage IIIB, extension of mass to pelvic sidewalls; and Stage IV, distant metastatic disease. All 30 patients with recurrent rectal carcinoma had positive CT scans. Overall accuracy was 95% with 0% false negative and 5% false positive interpretations. Results indicate that CT is an accurate method of detecting and staging recurrent rectal carcinoma and for aiding the selection of appropriate therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of abdominal trauma by computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) was used in the evaluation of 100 patients suffering abdominal trauma. The type of trauma was blunt in 78 patients, penetrating in eight, and iatrogenic in 14. Forty per cent of cases had normal CT scans, while 60% showed substantial abdominal or retroperitoneal injuries. Surgery, clinical follow-up, and repeated radiologic examinations confirmed the accuracy of CT, and there were no cases in which medical or surgical management was inappropriately guided by CT. A wide variety of injuries was detected, including 19 splenic, eight hepatic, six pancreatic, 13 renal, 13 retroperitoneal or abdominal wall, and one intraperitoneal. CT has major advantages over plain radiography, radionuclide imaging, and angiography in assessment of trauma-induced injuries.

Abdominal Injuries↗