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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Whole Genome Sequencing and Genetic Diversity of Respiratory Viruses Detected in Children With Acute Respiratory Infections: A One-Year Cross-Sectional Study in Senegal.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a health priority, especially in countries with limited resources. They are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among children and the elderly. In Senegal, the endemic circulation of respiratory viruses other than influenza has been demonstrated. However, there is a paucity of data exploring the genetic diversity of these viruses based on whole-genome sequencing. In this study, we present data on the genetic diversity of respiratory viruses in children under 15 years old in Senegal, including an overview of the different pathogens detected. Between November 2022 and November 2023, we collected nasopharyngeal swabs from children seen in curative consultations for symptoms of acute respiratory infections. Of the 156 children included, 73.7% tested positive for at least one pathogen. The most frequently detected virus was rhinovirus (50.0%), followed by influenza B (41.6%) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (7.6%). Combinations of rhinovirus/influenza B, human parainfluenza virus type 2/human parainfluenza virus type 4, and rhinovirus/influenza B/adenovirus were the most frequently identified. A statistically significant association was detected between some of the viruses detected. A high genetic diversity of respiratory viruses circulating in children was revealed. The strains were phylogenetically close to various strains circulating worldwide, suggesting a global circulation of respiratory viruses. Our study provides the first complete genome sequences of human parainfluenza viruses type 2, 3, 4 and human bocavirus from Senegal and thus contributes to the enrichment of international databases on sequences from Senegal and underlines the importance of sequencing in the dynamics of pathogen circulation.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Enhanced parainfluenza I (6/94) virus detection in latently infected human brain cell cultures by treatment with cytochalasin D and dimethyl sulfoxide.

The ability of cytochalasin D (CD) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to enhance parainfluenza I (6/94) virus replication was studied in various cell culture systems. Treatment of CV1 cells with CD (1 microgram/ml) dissolved in DMSO prior to primary 6/94 virus exposure at 10(0)--10(5) multiplicities of infection did not substantially enhance virus replication. However, there was a transient increase in cell associated virus one day after infection of DMSO-treated cultures. CD treatment of cultures of human brain cells latently infected with 6/94 virus (LIHB cells) did not enhance 6/94 virus detection. Cocultivation of CV1 cells with CD-treated LIHB cell cultures, and cocultivation of LIHB cell cultures with CD-treated CV1 cells, resulted in the production of both cell-associated and cell-free 6/94 virus three and five days after cocultivation. No virus was detected after similar cocultivation of untreated LIHB cell cultures with untreated CV1 cells. The usefulness of CD-DMSO treatment in the rescue of virus from 6/94 LIHB cell cultures appears limited to a cocultivation system. The use of these techniques to enhance virus rescue from human tissues suspected of harboring latent viral genomes is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Participation of vaccinia virus in the pathogenesis of different clinical forms of postvaccinal complications. I. Frequency of vaccinia virus detection in the vaccinted who have usual and complicated reactions to vaccination].

The virological examination of 1365 samples taken from 469 children vaccinated against smallpox revealed considerable differences in the frequency and the time of vaccinia virus detection in different clinical forms of postvaccinal pathology as compared with uncomplicated vaccinal process. During the postvaccinal period taking its normal course vaccinia virus was isolated from 7.3% of children only from the pharynx till day 8 following vaccination. In generalized and creeping vaccinia the virus was isolated from 71.4% of children, in postvaccinal encephalitis from 57.1% of children, in vaccinal angina frove-mentioned complications vaccinia virus was detected in the samples obtained from the patients till days 24, 35, 15 and 24 respectively. The etiopathogenetic role of vaccinia virus in a number of postvaccinal complications is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2026

SCAN: A sample-to-answer cross-priming isothermal assay for on-site virus detection with RT-qPCR sensitivity and genomically similar virus differentiation specificity.

Genomically similar viruses often differ in pathogenicity and host tropism due to specific mutations, and failure to distinguish them risks misdiagnosis and ineffective control. Molecular methods can differentiate such viruses but require laboratory settings and skilled personnel, while field-deployable immunological methods suffer from cross-reactivity. To address this challenge, we developed SCAN (Sample-to-answer Cross-priming isothermal amplification Assay with Nucleic acid strip), a general framework for on-site detection of genomically similar viruses. Comparative bioinformatics of isolation and sequencing data identifies key conserved differential determinants for primer design, ensuring specificity and reducing non-specific amplification. A one-tube cross-priming isothermal amplification (CPA) enables rapid target amplification without thermal cycling, and the products are visually detected on a nucleic acid strip. All steps are integrated into a handheld, lightweight device (9.9&#x202f;&#xd7;&#x202f;4.4&#x202f;&#xd7;&#x202f;3.3&#x202f;cm, <200&#x202f;g) that also prevents aerosol contamination. Using transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), the latter a natural mutant of TGEV, as a model, SCAN achieves a detection limit of 102 copies/&#x3bc;L with sensitivity comparable to RT-qPCR and supports sample-to-answer testing within 80&#x202f;min and simple operations. With verified high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, as well as field usability, SCAN provides a generalizable route for developing point-of-care tests (PoCT) that require precise field differentiation of closely related pathogens.

Cross-priming isothermal amplification↗
PubMed1975

Serological analysis of an oncornavirus (PMF virus) detected in malignant permanent human cell lines.

Immunodiffusion analysis of the PMF virus which was detected in malignant permanent human cell lines revealed positive reactions with antisera against the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV). No cross-reactivity was demonstrated with murine leukemia virus (MuLV), rat leukemia virus (RaLV), hamster leukemia virus (HaLV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), simian (woolly monkey) sarcoma virus (SSV-1) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV). The cross-reactive antigens of the PMF virus and the MPMV are considered as evidence for the human origin of the PMF virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Preadsorption of boar semen with kaolin: increased efficiency of foot-and-mouth disease virus detection.

The boar semen-associated cytotoxic factor(s), but not the antiviral activity, were removed by adsorption with kaolin. Although foot-and-mouth disease virus was efficiently removed from medium by kaolin or kieselguhr, the virus was not removed from semen-virus mixtures. Because the cytotoxicity induced by boar semen apparently altered the ability of tissue culture cells to support virus replication, preadsorption with kaolin increased the probability of detecting this virus in semen samples.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1975

Morphological methods of Kilham virus detection.

Morphological investigations on organs from Kilham virus (KV)-infected Syrian hamsters revealed acute glomerulonephritis with a clear-cut haemorrhagic syndrome. No pathological changes were found in internal organs from KV-infected rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Reticuloendotheliosis virus: detection of immunological relationship to mammalian type C retroviruses.

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) p30 shares cross-reactive determinants and a common NH2-terminal tripeptide with mammalian type C viral p30's. An interspecies competition radioimmunoassay was developed, using iodinated REV p30 and a broadly reactive antiserum to mammalian virus p30's. The avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses and mammalian non-type C retroviruses did not compete in this assay. Previous data indicating that the REV group is not represented completely in normal avian cell DNA lead us to speculate that this may be the first example of interclass transmission, albeit in the remote past, among the Retroviridae.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Molecular characteristics, phylodynamics, and evolutionary changes of avian infectious bronchitis virus detected from chickens in Yunnan Province, 2021-2024.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is endemic in poultry flocks worldwide, posing a significant threat to the global poultry industry. Frequent mixing of free-range local chickens with introduced chickens in Yunnan Province, China, facilitates the transmission, recombination, and mutation of avian IBV, thereby complicating disease prevention and control. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of IBV in poultry populations in Yunnan Province. Samples were collected from live poultry markets (LPMs) and breeding farms, comprising 725 randomly sampled cloacal/fecal swabs and 55 tissue samples. IBV-positive samples were confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with an overall positivity rate of 0.89% (7/780) for all tested samples. The positivity rate was 0.35% (2/564) in Kunming, 3.7% (2/54) in Zhaotong, 20% (1/5) in Yuxi, and 12.5% (2/16) in Baoshan, while no IBV was detected in samples from Lanping, Xichou, or Ninglang. Six IBV strains, including five GI-19 strains and one GVI-1 strain, were successfully isolated. Phylogenetic analysis further showed that the Yunnan GI-19 strains predominantly clustered with strains originating from Sichuan Province. Sequencing of the S1 gene revealed several amino acids substitutions per isolate in hypervariable regions HVR1-HVR3. Notably, a valine (V) and glycine (G) insertion between amino acid positions 88 and 89 was identified exclusively in isolate F210, a feature rarely reported in IBV. Protein-protein docking analysis indicated that the unique 88-89 insertion in isolate F210 S1 may alter its binding interactions with the host receptor ANPEP. Whole-genome comparison revealed that isolate YX3 shared 97.05% nucleotide identity with strain CK/CH/GX/YL17/2017 from Guangxi, whereas isolates Q47, F13, and F210 shared 96.40%-97.27% identity with strain CK/Henan/H1036/2021 from Henan. Recombination analysis detected obvious recombination events in isolates F13, F210, Q47, and YX3, with GI-22 strains serving as the major parental donors. These genetic characteristics, recombination patterns, and structural insights demonstrate the complex evolutionary dynamics of circulating IBV strains in Yunnan. Continuous molecular epidemiological surveillance combined with functional protein analysis is essential to monitor emerging variants and formulating targeted, effective disease control strategies.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus↗
PubMed1978

[Structure of inclusion bodies and electron microscopic virus detection in naturally occurring inclusion body hepatitis in chickens].

Electron microscopy was used to examine the liver of chickens with spontaneous inclusion body hepatitis. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies only were established from two flocks, mainly amphophilic from one flock, and primarily basophilic from another two flocks. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies were predominant in broiler chickens with dystrophic fatty degeneration of the liver, while basophile inclusion bodies were recorded primarily from parental or laying-hen chickens with reduced metabolic stress of the liver and more focal necrosis. The eosinophilic inclusion bodies consitsed of a filamentous matrix, with virus particles not safely detectable. The amphophilic inclusion bodies contained parvovirus particles, most likely adenoassociated virus, while the basophilic inclusion bodies inclused parvoviruses or adenoviruses (in flock NO. IV) or adenoviruses only (in flock No. V) in an amorphous chromatin matrix. The presence of parvoviruses in field material was taken to suggest a possible role of those pathogens in inclusion body hepatitis.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1979

Virus detection in monkeys with diarrhea: the association of adenoviruses with diarrhea and the possible role of rotaviruses.

To explore the role of viruses in the etiology of diarrhea in colony-reared monkeys, direct electron microscopy, the fluorescent virus precipitin test and cell culture inoculation were used to examine the stools of monkeys with and without diarrhea. The animals were predominantly rhesus with a few macaques of other species, and included infants, juveniles and adults. Adenoviruses were isolated from a higher proportion of specimens from rhesus monkeys with diarrhea (73% of specimens from infants and 78% of specimens from juveniles and adults) than from control monkeys without diarrhea (22% of specimens from infants and 26% of specimens from juveniles and adults). SV 20 was the most frequently isolated simian adenovirus type; SV 17 and SV 32 also were recovered. Noncultivable adenoviruses detectable only by electron microscopy were not seen. Although adenovirus excretion was associated with diarrhea, the causal role of adenoviruses was difficult to assess. When serial specimens from animals with chronic or intermittent episodes of diarrhea were examined, sequential infections with different viruses were found to be common. Rotaviruses were detected by electron microscopy and isolated in cell cultures from two infant rhesus monkeys with diarrhea. However, the low detection rate, together with negative serologic data on 40% of infant monkeys with diarrhea, suggested that rotaviruses were not the major cause of gastroenteritis in the monkeys under study.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2026

Microfiltration (MF) and Ultrafiltration (UF) for Sewage and Surface Water Concentration for SARS-CoV-2 and Other Enveloped Viruses' Detection in Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE).

This study objective was to evaluate hollow fiber membranes for concentration of enveloped enteric viruses in sewage and surface water samples. Microfiltration (MF, 0.2&#x2009;&#xb5;m nominal pore size) and ultrafiltration (UF, 100&#x2009;kDa molecular weight cut-off) hollow fiber membranes were compared for the concentration of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and the influence of initial sample volumes (1, 1.5, and 2&#x2009;L), permeate recovery rates (60%, 70% and 80% of the initial volume collected as permeate, equivalent to volumetric concentration factors of 2.5, 3.3 and 5), and backwashing was assessed. Polyethylene glycol precipitation followed by centrifugation (PEG-C) was evaluated both as a stand-alone method and as a secondary step applied to the membrane concentrate. MF and UF membranes had a similar capacity to retain pollutants and to concentrate organic matter in most parameters and conditions (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). In sewage, increasing the initial volume from 1 to 2&#x2009;L raised recovery from 20.7&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.1% to 30.0&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.1% with MF and from 20.8&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.1% to 25.3&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.1% with UF (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05), whereas changes in the permeate recovery rate produced no significant differences (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). In surface water recovery did not exceed 5.5%, and every increment in the permeate recovery rate produced a significant increase (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Backwashing had a stronger effect on RNA recovery than pore size or the remaining operational parameters, reaching 29.3&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;9.3% with MF and 33.8&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;13.7% with UF in sewage and nearly doubling recovery in surface water. In sewage, PEG-C alone (14.1%) was statistically similar to membrane filtration alone (12.1% to 12.3%, p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05), while combining both techniques raised recovery to 23.0% to 25.5%. In surface water, membranes alone recovered 0.8% against 2.4% for PEG-C (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05), and the combination of UF with PEG-C reached 5.7%, making it a valid alternative, albeit more time consuming and requiring additional equipment. Recoveries are expressed as the ratio between the genome copy concentration in the concentrate and in the spiked sample; on a total genome copy basis they correspond to 4% to 9% in sewage and to about 1% in surface water.

tangential filtration↗
PubMed1978

Replication-defective ecotropic murine leukemia viruses: Detection and quantitation of infectivity using helper-dependent XC plaque formation.

Clones 8A and NP-N, which appear to be infected with replication-defective variants of murine leukemia virus, produce particles which do not form plques in the XC test. These particles formed XC plaques when amphotropic murine leukemia virus, which is XC negative, was added to the assay plates. This phenomenon can be used as a quantitiative infectivity assay for these replication-defective murine leukemia viruses.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1977

Virus detection on grapes.

Grapes inoculated with poliovirus 1 and coxsackievirus B5 were washed with water, 0.5% polyehtylene glycol, or phosphate-buffered saline with 1% serum. These washes were equally efficient at removing virus but much of the virus in the water was noninfectious until treated with 0.5% polyethylene glycol.

Enterovirus↗
PubMed2025

A new potential mosquito-borne virus: detection of Human-derived Jingmenvirus in several-species of mosquitoes from Yaound&#xe9;, Cameroon.

BACKGROUND: Tick-borne Jingmenviruses are becoming an increasing arbovirus concern due to the rising number of reported infections in humans and animals, as well as their wide geographic distribution. The involvement of other hematophagous arthropods as vectors of Jingmenviruses is still unknown. METHODS: Mosquitoes were sampled in two different biotopes in Cameroon (Yaound&#xe9; and Garoua) during the rainy and the dry seasons in 2022 and 2023. Metatranscriptomics Next Generation Sequencing was conducted using Illumina technology. Viral sequences detection revealed the presence of several contigs with high sequence identity to a human-derived Jingmenvirus (HdJV) previously discovered in plasma from an individual from Yaound&#xe9;, Cameroon. A draft viral genome was constituted for each Jingmenvirus-positive samples. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstructions were used to position mosquito-associated viruses within the diversity of Jingmenviruses. Statistical analyses were conducted to estimate the prevalence of infected mosquitoes and the effect of different variables (region, season, year, mosquito species) on Jingmenvirus detection. RESULTS: HdJV was identified during the dry and the rainy seasons in 4 species of mosquitoes: Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex wansoni from Yaound&#xe9;, and Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Garoua. The overall prevalence of HdJV-infected mosquitoes was estimated to 0.90% [0.41-1.69]; and the unique variable significantly associated with HdJV detection was the sampling area: Yaound&#xe9; showed the highest prevalence (2.29% [0.95-4.68]) compared to Garoua (0.18% [0.01-0.79]). Mosquito-associated Jingmenviruses shared a high nucleotide identity (between 98.64-100% according to the segment) and clustered in the same clade in the phylogenetic analysis, that they belong to the same viral species circulating in different mosquito species. The viral genome shared between 96.4% and 98.9% nucleotide identity with a HdJV detected in the plasma of a patient suffering from febrile illness originating from the same area, suggesting the possible involvement of mosquitoes as vectors of arboviral Jingmenviruses in human infections. CONCLUSIONS: This finding provides new insights into the ecology and transmission dynamics of Jingmenviruses, highlighting mosquitoes as potential vectors, alongside ticks, in the zoonotic transmission of this virus group.

Jingmenvirus↗